UniProtKB - P29674 (LHX1_XENLA)
Protein
LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1
Gene
lhx1
Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Status
Functioni
Involved in the establishment of the body plan via the Spemann organizer during gastrulation. Transcriptional activator required to induce organizer gene expression downstream of siamois. Promotes head formation by binding to 5'-TAAT'-3' elements in the promoters of head organizer genes cer1 and gsc to stimulate expression. Binds as a complex with siamois and mix-A/mix.1 to the cer1 promoter, and with ldb1 and otx2 to the gsc promoter. Also involved in neural induction via the organizer, including a role in notochord formation. Acts synergistically with ldb1 and ssbp in subsequent axis formation. Involved in kidney development, acting synergistically with pax8 to establish the pronephric primordium in late gastrulae/early neurulae and with pax2 during pronephric morphogenesis in tailbud stages. Has a later role in mediating the activity of inhibitors of ventralization.13 Publications
Regions
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
DNA bindingi | 179 – 238 | HomeoboxPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 60 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: InterPro
- metal ion binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
- sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- anterior/posterior pattern specification Source: UniProtKB
- axis specification Source: UniProtKB
- cell migration involved in gastrulation Source: UniProtKB
- chordate embryonic development Source: UniProtKB
- muscle organ development Source: UniProtKB
- nephron tubule development Source: UniProtKB
- neurogenesis Source: UniProtKB
- notochord development Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
- pronephric field specification Source: UniProtKB
- pronephric nephron tubule development Source: UniProtKB
- pronephros development Source: UniProtKB
- regionalization Source: UniProtKB
- regulation of pronephros size Source: UniProtKB
- response to retinoic acid Source: AgBase
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Activator, Developmental protein, DNA-binding |
Biological process | Differentiation, Gastrulation, Neurogenesis, Transcription, Transcription regulation |
Ligand | Metal-binding, Zinc |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1Short name: LIM homeobox protein 1 Alternative name(s): Homeobox protein Lim-1 Short name: Xlim1 Short name: x-Lhx1 Short name: xLIM-1 |
Gene namesi | Name:lhx1 Synonyms:lim-1, lim1 |
Organismi | Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 8355 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Amphibia › Batrachia › Anura › Pipoidea › Pipidae › Xenopodinae › Xenopus › Xenopus |
Organism-specific databases
Xenbasei | XB-GENE-856460, lhx1.L |
Subcellular locationi
Nucleus
- Nucleus PROSITE-ProRule annotation1 Publication
Nucleus
- nucleus Source: UniProtKB
Other locations
- transcription regulator complex Source: UniProtKB
Keywords - Cellular componenti
NucleusPathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 28 | C → G: Disrupts ldb1-binding. Produces an active form; when associated with G-88. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 88 | C → G: Disrupts ldb1-binding. Produces an active form; when associated with G-28. 2 Publications | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 223 | I → P: Fails to induce chrd. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 278 | Y → A: Abolishes transcriptional activity and axis-inducing activity; when associated with A-281; A-285; A-286 and A-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 278 | Y → F: No effect on axis-inducing activity; when associated with F-281; F-285; F-286 and F-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 281 | Y → A: Abolishes transcriptional activity and axis-inducing activity; when associated with A-278; A-285; A-286 and A-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 281 | Y → F: No effect on axis-inducing activity; when associated with F-278; F-285; F-286 and F-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 285 | Y → A: Abolishes transcriptional activity and axis-inducing activity; when associated with A-278; A-281; A-286 and A-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 285 | Y → F: No effect on axis-inducing activity; when associated with F-278; F-281; F-286 and F-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 286 | Y → A: Abolishes transcriptional activity and axis-inducing activity; when associated with A-278; A-281; A-285 and A-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 286 | Y → F: No effect on axis-inducing activity; when associated with F-278; F-281; F-285 and F-292. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 292 | Y → A: Abolishes transcriptional activity and axis-inducing activity; when associated with A-278; A-281; A-285 and A-286. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 292 | Y → F: No effect on axis-inducing activity; when associated with F-278; F-281; F-285 and F-286. 1 Publication | 1 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000075777 | 1 – 403 | LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1Add BLAST | 403 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Exhibits a biphasic expression pattern. Initially localized to the Spemann organizer region of gastrulae, leading to expression in prechordal mesoderm and notochord. In the second phase, expressed in the lateral mesoderm and neural plate, eventually concentrating in the pronephros and the CNS. Expressed in the pronephros primordium by late gastrula (stage 12.5) and becomes restricted to the tips of the tubules and ducts as kidney development progresses. In the CNS, becomes progressively recognizable in anatomically distinct structures during larval development. Within the forebrain, shows almost identical expression to lhx5 in the diencephalon, being expressed in alternating stripes to lhx2 and lhx9. Expressed in the diencephalic pretectum within prosomere 1, hypothalamus, ventral thalamus and zona limitans intrathalamica. In the telencephalon, the expression pattern is distinct from lhx5, being localized in the pallium and subpallium. Also expressed in the ventral territories of midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon), being expressed in the mesencephalic tegmentum and hindbrain reticular formation. Also shows intense expression in the cerebellum including Purkinje cells.10 Publications
Developmental stagei
Expressed both maternally and zygotically. Expressed at a low level in the unfertilized egg. Expression is highest at the gastrula stage, then declines before rising again during the tadpole stage.1 Publication
Inductioni
By retinoic acid and by dorsal mesoderm-inducers including activin, derriere, dvr1/vg-1 and nodal.6 Publications
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Interacts with ldb1 via the tandem LIM domains. Both LIM domains are required for optimal binding and binding relieves the inhibitory effect of the LIM domains and activates lhx1. Binding to ldb1 also prevents degradation of ldb1 by rnf12. The stoichiometry of lhx1 and ldb1 is important for their function and an excess of ldb1 can inhibit lhx1 function.
Interacts with the N-terminal region of rnf12 by a homeobox-dependent mechanism.
3 PublicationsFamily & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 4 – 54 | LIM zinc-binding 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 51 | |
Domaini | 63 – 117 | LIM zinc-binding 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 55 |
Domaini
The LIM domains exert a negative regulatory function and disruption of the LIM domains produces an activated form. In addition, two activation domains and a negative regulatory domain exist C-terminally to the homeobox.2 Publications
Keywords - Domaini
Homeobox, LIM domain, RepeatPhylogenomic databases
OMAi | WHTKCVQ |
OrthoDBi | 1070389at2759 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00086, homeodomain, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009057, Homeobox-like_sf IPR017970, Homeobox_CS IPR001356, Homeobox_dom IPR001781, Znf_LIM |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00046, Homeodomain, 1 hit PF00412, LIM, 2 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00389, HOX, 1 hit SM00132, LIM, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF46689, SSF46689, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00027, HOMEOBOX_1, 1 hit PS50071, HOMEOBOX_2, 1 hit PS00478, LIM_DOMAIN_1, 2 hits PS50023, LIM_DOMAIN_2, 2 hits |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
P29674-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MVHCAGCERP ILDRFLLNVL DRAWHVKCVQ CCECKCNLTE KCFSREGKLY
60 70 80 90 100
CKNDFFRRFG TKCAGCAQGI SPSDLVRRAR SKVFHLNCFT CMMCNKQLST
110 120 130 140 150
GEELYIIDEN KFVCKEDYLN NNNAAKENSF ISVTGSDPSL SPESQDPLQD
160 170 180 190 200
DAKDSESANV SDKEAGINEN DDQNLGAKRR GPRTTIKAKQ LETLKAAFAA
210 220 230 240 250
TPKPTRHIRE QLAQETGLNM RVIQVWFQNR RSKERRMKQL SALGARRHAF
260 270 280 290 300
FRSPRRMRPL VDRLEPGELI PNGPFAFYGD YQSEYYGPGS NYDFFPQGPP
310 320 330 340 350
SSQAQTPVDL PFVPSSVPAG TPLGAMDHPI PGHHPSSDAQ RFTDIMSHPP
360 370 380 390 400
GDSPSPEPNL PGSMHSMSAE VFGQSPPFSS LSVNGGYGNH LSHPPEMNET
AVW
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X63889 mRNA Translation: CAA45353.1 AF013242 Genomic DNA Translation: AAB70190.1 |
PIRi | S23802 |
RefSeqi | NP_001084128.1, NM_001090659.1 |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 399323 |
KEGGi | xla:399323 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X63889 mRNA Translation: CAA45353.1 AF013242 Genomic DNA Translation: AAB70190.1 |
PIRi | S23802 |
RefSeqi | NP_001084128.1, NM_001090659.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | P29674 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Genome annotation databases
GeneIDi | 399323 |
KEGGi | xla:399323 |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 399323 |
Xenbasei | XB-GENE-856460, lhx1.L |
Phylogenomic databases
OMAi | WHTKCVQ |
OrthoDBi | 1070389at2759 |
Family and domain databases
CDDi | cd00086, homeodomain, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009057, Homeobox-like_sf IPR017970, Homeobox_CS IPR001356, Homeobox_dom IPR001781, Znf_LIM |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00046, Homeodomain, 1 hit PF00412, LIM, 2 hits |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00389, HOX, 1 hit SM00132, LIM, 2 hits |
SUPFAMi | SSF46689, SSF46689, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00027, HOMEOBOX_1, 1 hit PS50071, HOMEOBOX_2, 1 hit PS00478, LIM_DOMAIN_1, 2 hits PS50023, LIM_DOMAIN_2, 2 hits |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | LHX1_XENLA | |
Accessioni | P29674Primary (citable) accession number: P29674 Secondary accession number(s): Q9PSU2 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 1, 1993 |
Last sequence update: | April 1, 1993 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 129 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |