Urokinase-type plasminogen activator

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

• Specific cleavage of Arg-|-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. EC:3.4.21.73

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes regulatory mechanisms for enzymes, transporters or microbial transcription factors, and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.<p><a href='/help/activity_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Activity regulationⁱ

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• peptidase activity Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Partial purification and characterization of epidermal plasminogen activator and their inhibitor."
    Nakagawa M., Fukuyama K., Epstein W.L., Hara A., Sawada H.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 37:1859-1863(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• serine-type endopeptidase activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• angiogenesis Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced angiogenesis."
    Piao Y.J., Lee C.H., Zhu M.J., Kye K.C., Kim J.M., Seo Y.J., Suhr K.B., Park J.K., Kim C.D., Lee J.H.
    Exp Dermatol 14:356-362(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to fluid shear stress Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Effects of shear stress on expression of plasminogen activator (tPA and uPA) in cultured kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells and its significance]."
    Pu L., Huang S., Liu F.
    Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 25:1319-1321(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Effects of losartan on expressions of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 of rat proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured with high glucose]."
    Pu L.J., Huang S.M., Liu F.
    Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 38:813-815(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) modulates Leydig cell extracellular matrix components."
    Catizone A., Ricci G., Tufano M.A., Perfetto B., Canipari R., Galdieri M.
    J Androl 31:306-313(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to hypoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in the regulation of plasminogen activator activity in rat knee joint chondrocytes."
    Zhu G., Tang Y., Liang X., Zheng M., Yang J., Zhou H., Li L., Qin T.
    Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17:1494-1502(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Lipopolysaccharide upregulates uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 via ERK1/2 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells."
    Cheng Y.C., Chen L.M., Chang M.H., Chen W.K., Tsai F.J., Tsai C.H., Lai T.Y., Kuo W.W., Huang C.Y., Liu C.J.
    Mol Cell Biochem 325:15-23(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to organic substance Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Momordica charantia leaf extract suppresses rat prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo."
    Pitchakarn P., Ogawa K., Suzuki S., Takahashi S., Asamoto M., Chewonarin T., Limtrakul P., Shirai T.
    Cancer Sci 101:2234-2240(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to staurosporine Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Norrin attenuates protease-mediated death of transformed retinal ganglion cells."
    Lin S., Cheng M., Dailey W., Drenser K., Chintala S.
    Mol Vis 15:26-37(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryo implantation Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Differences in the implantation rates of rat embryos developed in vivo and in vitro: possible role for plasminogen activators."
    Aflalo E.D., Sod-Moriah U.A., Potashnik G., Har-Vardi I.
    Fertil Steril 81 Suppl 1:780-785(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fibrinolysis Source: RGD
• neuron death Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and urokinase plasminogen activator mediate interleukin-1-induced neurotoxicity."
    Thornton P., Pinteaux E., Allan S.M., Rothwell N.J.
    Mol Cell Neurosci 37:135-142(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• plasminogen activation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: RGD
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Urokinase plasminogen activator in injured adventitia increases the number of myofibroblasts and augments early proliferation."
    Plekhanova O.S., Stepanova V.V., Ratner E.I., Bobik A., Tkachuk V.A., Parfyonova Y.V.
    J Vasc Res 43:437-446(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ovulation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Urokinase redistribution from the secreted to the cell-bound fraction in granulosa cells of rat preovulatory follicles."
    Macchione E., Epifano O., Stefanini M., Belin D., Canipari R.
    Biol Reprod 62:895-903(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Urokinase plasminogen activator stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via redox-dependent pathways."
    Menshikov M., Plekhanova O., Cai H., Chalupsky K., Parfyonova Y., Bashtrikov P., Tkachuk V., Berk B.C.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:801-807(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Urokinase plasminogen activator induces smooth muscle cell migration: key role of growth factor-like domain."
    Stepanova V., Bobik A., Bibilashvily R., Belogurov A., Rybalkin I., Domogatsky S., Little P.J., Goncharova E., Tkachuk V.
    FEBS Lett 414:471-474(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteolysis Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin Source: RGD
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGD
• regulation of hepatocyte proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cell surface-bound plasminogen regulates hepatocyte proliferation through a uPA-dependent mechanism."
    Okumura N., Seki T., Ariga T.
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1542-1549(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of signaling receptor activity Source: RGD
• regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion Source: RGD
• regulation of smooth muscle cell migration Source: RGD
• response to activity Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Effects of overtraining on skeletal muscle growth and gene expression."
    Xiao W., Chen P., Dong J.
    Int J Sports Med 33:846-853(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hepatocyte growth factor Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates blood-testis barrier (BTB) in adult rats."
    Catizone A., Ricci G., Caruso M., Ferranti F., Canipari R., Galdieri M.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol 348:135-146(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hyperoxia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "[Changes of u-PA and PAI-1 expression in the lung tissue of neonatal rats after inhaling high concentration oxygen]."
    Liu X.Y., Xue X.D.
    Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 46:458-463(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to hypoxia Source: RGD
• skeletal muscle tissue regeneration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor is up-regulated during tendon healing."
    Xia W., de Bock C., Murrell G.A., Wang Y.
    J Orthop Res 21:819-825(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• smooth muscle cell migration Source: RGD
• spermatogenesis Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Gene expression changes of urokinase plasminogen activator and urokinase receptor in rat testes at postnatal stages."
    Huang D.H., Zhao H., Tian Y.H., Li H.G., Ding X.F., Xiong C.L.
    Asian J Androl 9:679-683(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• wound healing Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in sphingosylphosphorylcholine-induced angiogenesis."
    Piao Y.J., Lee C.H., Zhu M.J., Kye K.C., Kim J.M., Seo Y.J., Suhr K.B., Park J.K., Kim C.D., Lee J.H.
    Exp Dermatol 14:356-362(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MRVWLASLFL CALVANSEGG SELEASDESN CGCQNGGVCV SYKYFSSIRR 
        60         70         80         90        100
CSCPKKFKGE HCEIDTSKTC YHGNGQSYRG KANTDTKGRP CLAWNSPAVL 
       110        120        130        140        150
QQTYNAHRSD ALSLGLGKHN YCRNPDNQRR PWCYVQIGLK QFVQECMVQD 
       160        170        180        190        200
CSLSKKPSST VDQQGFQCGQ KALRPRFKIV GGEFTVVENQ PWFAAIYLKN 
       210        220        230        240        250
KGGSPPSFKC GGSLISPCWV ASATHCFVNQ PKKEEYVVYL GQSKRNSYNP 
       260        270        280        290        300
GEMKFEVEQL ILHEDFSDET LAFHNDIALL KIRTSTGQCA QPSRTIQTIC 
       310        320        330        340        350
LPPRFGDAPF GSDCEITGFG QESATDYFYP KDLKMSVVKI ISHEQCKQPH 
       360        370        380        390        400
YYGSEINYKM LCAADPEWKT DSCSGDSGGP LICNIDGRPT LSGIVSWGSG 
       410        420        430 
CAEKNKPGVY TRVSYFLNWI QSHIGEENGL AF                    

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. Peptidase families
   Classification of peptidase families and list of entries