CCN family member 2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• fibronectin binding Source: MGI
• growth factor activity Source: MGI
• heparin binding Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.6

    "Cyr61 and Fisp12 are both ECM-associated signaling molecules: activities, metabolism, and localization during development."
    Kireeva M.L., Latinkic B.V., Kolesnikova T.V., Chen C.-C., Yang G.P., Abler A.S., Lau L.F.
    Exp. Cell Res. 233:63-77(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• insulin-like growth factor binding Source: InterPro
• integrin binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation-dependent adhesion of human platelets to Cyr61 and Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor is mediated through integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)."
    Jedsadayanmata A., Chen C.-C., Kireeva M.L., Lau L.F., Lam S.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:24321-24327(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein C-terminus binding Source: MGI

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: Ensembl
• angiogenesis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration through integrin alphavbeta3, promotes endothelial cell survival, and induces angiogenesis in vivo."
    Babic A.M., Chen C.-C., Lau L.F.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2958-2966(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
  • "Activation-dependent adhesion of human platelets to Cyr61 and Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor is mediated through integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)."
    Jedsadayanmata A., Chen C.-C., Kireeva M.L., Lau L.F., Lam S.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:24321-24327(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cartilage condensation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression and roles of connective tissue growth factor in Meckel's cartilage development."
    Shimo T., Kanyama M., Wu C., Sugito H., Billings P.C., Abrams W.R., Rosenbloom J., Iwamoto M., Pacifici M., Koyama E.
    Dev Dyn 231:136-147(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell adhesion Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression and roles of connective tissue growth factor in Meckel's cartilage development."
    Shimo T., Kanyama M., Wu C., Sugito H., Billings P.C., Abrams W.R., Rosenbloom J., Iwamoto M., Pacifici M., Koyama E.
    Dev Dyn 231:136-147(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-matrix adhesion Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.6

    "Cyr61 and Fisp12 are both ECM-associated signaling molecules: activities, metabolism, and localization during development."
    Kireeva M.L., Latinkic B.V., Kolesnikova T.V., Chen C.-C., Yang G.P., Abler A.S., Lau L.F.
    Exp. Cell Res. 233:63-77(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• cell migration Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration through integrin alphavbeta3, promotes endothelial cell survival, and induces angiogenesis in vivo."
    Babic A.M., Chen C.-C., Lau L.F.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2958-2966(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• chondrocyte proliferation Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by CCN2 and CCN3 shown by a comprehensive analysis of the CCN family proteins in cartilage."
    Kawaki H., Kubota S., Suzuki A., Lazar N., Yamada T., Matsumura T., Ohgawara T., Maeda T., Perbal B., Lyons K.M., Takigawa M.
    J Bone Miner Res 23:1751-1764(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• connective tissue development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Impaired intervertebral disc development and premature disc degeneration in mice with notochord-specific deletion of CCN2."
    Bedore J., Sha W., McCann M.R., Liu S., Leask A., Seguin C.A.
    Arthritis Rheum 65:2634-2644(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytosolic calcium ion transport Source: MGI
• DNA biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
• extracellular matrix constituent secretion Source: MGI
• fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.6

    "Cyr61 and Fisp12 are both ECM-associated signaling molecules: activities, metabolism, and localization during development."
    Kireeva M.L., Latinkic B.V., Kolesnikova T.V., Chen C.-C., Yang G.P., Abler A.S., Lau L.F.
    Exp. Cell Res. 233:63-77(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• integrin-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration through integrin alphavbeta3, promotes endothelial cell survival, and induces angiogenesis in vivo."
    Babic A.M., Chen C.-C., Lau L.F.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2958-2966(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
  • "Activation-dependent adhesion of human platelets to Cyr61 and Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor is mediated through integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)."
    Jedsadayanmata A., Chen C.-C., Kireeva M.L., Lau L.F., Lam S.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:24321-24327(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intracellular signal transduction Source: MGI
• lung development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Pulmonary hypoplasia in the connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) null mouse."
    Baguma-Nibasheka M., Kablar B.
    Dev Dyn 237:485-493(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell death Source: MGI
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by CCN2 and CCN3 shown by a comprehensive analysis of the CCN family proteins in cartilage."
    Kawaki H., Kubota S., Suzuki A., Lazar N., Yamada T., Matsumura T., Ohgawara T., Maeda T., Perbal B., Lyons K.M., Takigawa M.
    J Bone Miner Res 23:1751-1764(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ossification Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Overexpression of connective tissue growth factor/hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 decreases bone density in adult mice and induces dwarfism."
    Nakanishi T., Yamaai T., Asano M., Nawachi K., Suzuki M., Sugimoto T., Takigawa M.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281:678-681(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Connective tissue growth factor coordinates chondrogenesis and angiogenesis during skeletal development."
    Ivkovic S., Yoon B.S., Popoff S.N., Safadi F.F., Libuda D.E., Stephenson R.C., Daluiski A., Lyons K.M.
    Development 130:2779-2791(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell activation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell death Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell differentiation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition Source: MGI
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: MGI
• positive regulation of JNK cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of stress fiber assembly Source: MGI
• reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Fas-mediated apoptosis is regulated by the extracellular matrix protein CCN1 (CYR61) in vitro and in vivo."
    Juric V., Chen C.C., Lau L.F.
    Mol Cell Biol 29:3266-3279(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of chondrocyte differentiation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by CCN2 and CCN3 shown by a comprehensive analysis of the CCN family proteins in cartilage."
    Kawaki H., Kubota S., Suzuki A., Lazar N., Yamada T., Matsumura T., Ohgawara T., Maeda T., Perbal B., Lyons K.M., Takigawa M.
    J Bone Miner Res 23:1751-1764(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to amino acid Source: Ensembl
• response to anoxia Source: Ensembl
• response to estradiol Source: Ensembl
• response to fatty acid Source: Ensembl
• response to glucose Source: Ensembl
• response to mineralocorticoid Source: Ensembl
• response to peptide hormone Source: Ensembl
• signal transduction Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• tissue homeostasis Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Impaired intervertebral disc development and premature disc degeneration in mice with notochord-specific deletion of CCN2."
    Bedore J., Sha W., McCann M.R., Liu S., Leask A., Seguin C.A.
    Arthritis Rheum 65:2634-2644(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• fibronectin binding Source: MGI
• growth factor activity Source: MGI
• insulin-like growth factor binding Source: InterPro
• integrin binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation-dependent adhesion of human platelets to Cyr61 and Fisp12/mouse connective tissue growth factor is mediated through integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)."
    Jedsadayanmata A., Chen C.-C., Kireeva M.L., Lau L.F., Lam S.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:24321-24327(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein C-terminus binding Source: MGI

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MLASVAGPIS LALVLLALCT RPAMGQDCSA QCQCAAEAAP HCPAGVSLVL 
        60         70         80         90        100
DGCGCCRVCA KQLGELCTER DPCDPHKGLF CDFGSPANRK IGVCTAKDGA 
       110        120        130        140        150
PCVFGGSVYR SGESFQSSCK YQCTCLDGAV GCVPLCSMDV RLPSPDCPFP 
       160        170        180        190        200
RRVKLPGKCC EEWVCDEPKD RTAVGPALAA YRLEDTFGPD PTMMRANCLV 
       210        220        230        240        250
QTTEWSACSK TCGMGISTRV TNDNTFCRLE KQSRLCMVRP CEADLEENIK 
       260        270        280        290        300
KGKKCIRTPK IAKPVKFELS GCTSVKTYRA KFCGVCTDGR CCTPHRTTTL 
       310        320        330        340 
PVEFKCPDGE IMKKNMMFIK TCACHYNCPG DNDIFESLYY RKMYGDMA   

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families