High mobility group protein B2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chemoattractant activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: AgBase
• damaged DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Localization of the binding region of high mobility group protein 2 to cisplatin-damaged DNA."
    Lawrence D.L., Engelsberg B.N., Farid R.S., Hughes E.N., Billings P.C.
    J Biol Chem 268:23940-23945(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.9

    "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A."
    Fan Z., Beresford P.J., Zhang D., Lieberman J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2810-2820(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION IN THE SET COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH SET.
• DNA binding, bending Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.9

    "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A."
    Fan Z., Beresford P.J., Zhang D., Lieberman J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2810-2820(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION IN THE SET COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH SET.
  • "The nonspecific DNA-binding and -bending proteins HMG1 and HMG2 promote the assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures."
    Paull T.T., Haykinson M.J., Johnson R.C.
    Genes Dev 7:1521-1534(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• double-stranded DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
• four-way junction DNA binding Source: AgBase
• non-sequence-specific DNA binding, bending Source: AgBase
• protein domain specific binding Source: Ensembl
• RAGE receptor binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• RNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from high throughput direct assayⁱ
  • "Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins."
    Castello A., Fischer B., Eichelbaum K., Horos R., Beckmann B.M., Strein C., Davey N.E., Humphreys D.T., Preiss T., Steinmetz L.M., Krijgsveld J., Hentze M.W.
    Cell 149:1393-1406(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts."
    Baltz A.G., Munschauer M., Schwanhausser B., Vasile A., Murakawa Y., Schueler M., Youngs N., Penfold-Brown D., Drew K., Milek M., Wyler E., Bonneau R., Selbach M., Dieterich C., Landthaler M.
    Mol Cell 46:674-690(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• single-stranded DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
• supercoiled DNA binding Source: AgBase
• transcription coactivator activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins up-regulate cellular expression of human topoisomerase IIalpha."
    Stros M., Polanska E., Struncova S., Pospisilova S.
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:2070-2086(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: AgBase
• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.

GO - Biological processⁱ

• apoptotic DNA fragmentation Source: Reactome
• cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• chromatin organization Source: UniProtKB <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.9

    "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A."
    Fan Z., Beresford P.J., Zhang D., Lieberman J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2810-2820(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION IN THE SET COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH SET.
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Antimicrobial activity of high-mobility-group box 2: a new function to a well-known protein."
    Kuechler R., Schroeder B.O., Jaeger S.U., Stange E.F., Wehkamp J.
    Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57:4782-4793(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Antimicrobial activity of high-mobility-group box 2: a new function to a well-known protein."
    Kuechler R., Schroeder B.O., Jaeger S.U., Stange E.F., Wehkamp J.
    Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57:4782-4793(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• DNA geometric change Source: AgBase
• DNA topological change Source: UniProtKB
• double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining Source: UniProtKB
• inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: AgBase
• innate immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
• male gonad development Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Chromatin components as part of a putative transcriptional repressing complex."
    Lehming N., Le Saux A., Schuller J., Ptashne M.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:7322-7326(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nucleosome assembly Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.9

    "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A."
    Fan Z., Beresford P.J., Zhang D., Lieberman J.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2810-2820(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION IN THE SET COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH SET.
• positive regulation of DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of innate immune response Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of interferon-beta production Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of nuclease activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersion systems: dissolution of griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture."
    Chiou W.L., Niazi S.
    J Pharm Sci 65:1212-1214(1976) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins up-regulate cellular expression of human topoisomerase IIalpha."
    Stros M., Polanska E., Struncova S., Pospisilova S.
    Nucleic Acids Res 37:2070-2086(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.15

    "High-mobility group protein HMGB2 regulates human erythroid differentiation through trans-activation of GFI1B transcription."
    Laurent B., Randrianarison-Huetz V., Marechal V., Marchal V., Mayeux P., Dusanter-Fourt I., Dumenil D.
    Blood 115:687-695(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• regulation of neurogenesis Source: AgBase
• regulation of stem cell proliferation Source: AgBase
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "Activation of the TFIID-TFIIA complex with HMG-2."
    Shykind B.M., Kim J., Sharp P.A.
    Genes Dev. 9:1354-1365(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: AgBase
• response to steroid hormone Source: Ensembl
• spermatid nucleus differentiation Source: Ensembl
• V(D)J recombination Source: UniProtKB

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chemoattractant activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• protein domain specific binding Source: Ensembl
• RAGE receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "High mobility group B2 is secreted by myeloid cells and has mitogenic and chemoattractant activities similar to high mobility group B1."
    Pusterla T., de Marchis F., Palumbo R., Bianchi M.E.
    Autoimmunity 42:308-310(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
• transcription factor binding Source: AgBase

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term 'domain' is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MGKGDPNKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDSSVNFAE FSKKCSERWK 
        60         70         80         90        100
TMSAKEKSKF EDMAKSDKAR YDREMKNYVP PKGDKKGKKK DPNAPKRPPS 
       110        120        130        140        150
AFFLFCSEHR PKIKSEHPGL SIGDTAKKLG EMWSEQSAKD KQPYEQKAAK 
       160        170        180        190        200
LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKSEA GKKGPGRPTG SKKKNEPEDE EEEEEEEDED 

EEEEDEDEE                                              

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Genetic variation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 4
   Human chromosome 4: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families