UniProtKB - P26137 (HEMA_I82A0)
Protein
Hemagglutinin
Gene
HA
Organism
Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Astrakhan/244/1982 H14N6) (Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Gurjev/244/1982 H14N6))
Status
Functioni
Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.UniRule annotation
Miscellaneous
Major glycoprotein, comprises over 80% of the envelope proteins present in virus particle.
The extent of infection into host organism is determined by HA. Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells (e.g. bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs and are therefore usually pneumotropic. The reason is that HA is cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. However, HAs of H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs than lungs.
The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments. Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic reassortment between segments of two different strains.
GO - Molecular functioni
- host cell surface receptor binding Source: InterPro
GO - Biological processi
- clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell Source: UniProtKB-KW
- fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane Source: UniProtKB-KW
- fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane Source: InterPro
- virion attachment to host cell Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywordsi
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: HemagglutininUniRule annotationCleaved into the following 2 chains: Hemagglutinin HA1 chainUniRule annotation Hemagglutinin HA2 chainUniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:HAUniRule annotation |
Organismi | Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Astrakhan/244/1982 H14N6) (Influenza A virus (strain A/Mallard/Gurjev/244/1982 H14N6)) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 11433 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Viruses › Riboviria › Orthornavirae › Negarnaviricota › Polyploviricotina › Insthoviricetes › Articulavirales › Orthomyxoviridae › Alphainfluenzavirus › |
Virus hosti | Aves [TaxID: 8782] |
Subcellular locationi
- Virion membrane UniRule annotation; Single-pass type I membrane protein UniRule annotation
- Host apical cell membrane UniRule annotation; Single-pass type I membrane protein UniRule annotation Note: Targeted to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial polarized cells through a signal present in the transmembrane domain. Associated with glycosphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched detergent-resistant lipid rafts.UniRule annotation
Topology
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Topological domaini | 1 – 526 | ExtracellularUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 526 | |
Transmembranei | 527 – 547 | HelicalUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 21 | |
Topological domaini | 548 – 563 | CytoplasmicUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 16 |
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Host cell membrane, Host membrane, Membrane, Viral envelope protein, VirionPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000440845 | 1 – 342 | Hemagglutinin HA1 chainUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 342 | |
ChainiPRO_0000039019 | 343 – 563 | Hemagglutinin HA2 chainUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 221 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glycosylationi | 16 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 25 ↔ 479 | Interchain (between HA1 and HA2 chains)UniRule annotation | ||
Glycosylationi | 33 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 63 ↔ 290 | UniRule annotation | ||
Disulfide bondi | 75 ↔ 87 | UniRule annotation | ||
Disulfide bondi | 108 ↔ 150 | UniRule annotation | ||
Glycosylationi | 177 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Glycosylationi | 237 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 294 ↔ 318 | UniRule annotation | ||
Glycosylationi | 309 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 486 ↔ 490 | UniRule annotation | ||
Glycosylationi | 496 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Lipidationi | 552 | S-palmitoyl cysteine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Lipidationi | 559 | S-palmitoyl cysteine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Lipidationi | 562 | S-palmitoyl cysteine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Palmitoylated.UniRule annotation
In natural infection, inactive HA is matured into HA1 and HA2 outside the cell by one or more trypsin-like, arginine-specific endoprotease secreted by the bronchial epithelial cells. One identified protease that may be involved in this process is secreted in lungs by Clara cells.UniRule annotation
Keywords - PTMi
Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Lipoprotein, PalmitateInteractioni
Subunit structurei
Homotrimer of disulfide-linked HA1-HA2.
UniRule annotationStructurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details3D structure databases
SMRi | P26137 |
ModBasei | Search... |
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Miscellaneous databases
EvolutionaryTracei | P26137 |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family.UniRule annotation
Keywords - Domaini
Transmembrane, Transmembrane helixFamily and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.90.209.20, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_04072, INFV_HEMA, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR008980, Capsid_hemagglutn IPR013828, Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf IPR000149, Hemagglutn_influenz_A IPR001364, Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00509, Hemagglutinin, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00330, HEMAGGLUTN1 PR00329, HEMAGGLUTN12 |
SUPFAMi | SSF49818, SSF49818, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Fragment.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
P26137-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
LVALALSQTA YSQITNGTTG NPIICLGHHA VENGTSVKTL TDNHVEVVSA
60 70 80 90 100
KELVETKHTD ELCPSPLKLV DGQDCDLING ALGSPGCDRL QDTTWDVFIE
110 120 130 140 150
RPTAVDTCYP FDVPDYQSLR SILASSGSLE FIAEQFTWNG VKVDGSSSAC
160 170 180 190 200
LRGGRNSFFS RLNWLTKATN GNYGPINVTK ENTGSYVRLY LWGVHHPSSD
210 220 230 240 250
NEQTDLYKVA TGRVTVSTRS DQISIVPNIG SRPRVRNQSG RISIYWTLVN
260 270 280 290 300
PGDSIIFNSI GNLIAPRGHY KISKSTKSTV LKSDKRIGSC TSPCLTDKGS
310 320 330 340 350
IQSDKPFQNV SRIAIGNCPK YVKQGSLMLA TGMRNIPGKQ AKGLFGAIAG
360 370 380 390 400
FIENGWQGLI DGWYGFRHQN AEGTGTAADL KSTQAAIDQI NGKLNRLIEK
410 420 430 440 450
TNEKYHQIEK EFEQVEGRIQ DLEKYVEDTK IDLWSYNAEL LVALENQHTI
460 470 480 490 500
DVTDSEMNKL FERVRRQLRE NAEDQGNGCF EIFHQCDNNC IESIRNGTYD
510 520 530 540 550
HNIYRDEAIN NRIKINPVTL TMGYKDIILW ISFSMSCFVF VALILGFVLW
560
ACQNGNIRCQ ICI
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-terminal residuei | 1 | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | M35996 Genomic RNA No translation available. |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | M35996 Genomic RNA No translation available. |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
3EYJ | X-ray | 2.60 | A | 20-342 | [»] | |
B | 343-514 | [»] | ||||
3EYK | X-ray | 2.50 | A | 20-342 | [»] | |
B | 343-514 | [»] | ||||
SMRi | P26137 | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Chemistry databases
DrugBanki | DB07726, t-Butylhydroquinone |
Miscellaneous databases
EvolutionaryTracei | P26137 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.90.209.20, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_04072, INFV_HEMA, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR008980, Capsid_hemagglutn IPR013828, Hemagglutn_HA1_a/b_dom_sf IPR000149, Hemagglutn_influenz_A IPR001364, Hemagglutn_influenz_A/B |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00509, Hemagglutinin, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00330, HEMAGGLUTN1 PR00329, HEMAGGLUTN12 |
SUPFAMi | SSF49818, SSF49818, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | HEMA_I82A0 | |
Accessioni | P26137Primary (citable) accession number: P26137 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | May 1, 1992 |
Last sequence update: | May 1, 1992 | |
Last modified: | April 7, 2021 | |
This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Viral Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
3D-structureDocuments
- PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families