GPT

Functionⁱ

Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Participates in cellular nitrogen metabolism and also in liver gluconeogenesis starting with precursors transported from skeletal muscles (By similarity).By similarity

Catalytic activityⁱ

L-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + L-glutamate.

Cofactorⁱ

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

Pathwayⁱ: L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway

This protein is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes pyruvate from L-alanine.
Proteins known to be involved in this subpathway in this organism are:

Alanine aminotransferase 2 (GPT2), Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)

This subpathway is part of the pathway L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway, which is itself part of Amino-acid degradation.
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes pyruvate from L-alanine, the pathway L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway and in Amino-acid degradation.

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity
Source: Reactome
Inferred from experimentⁱ
- 11863375
pyridoxal phosphate binding Source: InterPro

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

cellular amino acid biosynthetic process Source: Reactome
L-alanine catabolic process Source: UniProtKB-UniPathway

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Aminotransferase, Transferase
Ligand	Pyridoxal phosphate

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycⁱ	MetaCyc:HS09610-MONOMER
Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-70614 Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination)
UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00528;UER00586

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Alanine aminotransferase 1 (EC:2.6.1.2) Short name: ALT1 Alternative name(s): Glutamate pyruvate transaminase 1 Short name: GPT 1 Glutamic--alanine transaminase 1 Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 1
Gene namesⁱ	Name:GPT Synonyms:AAT1, GPT1
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 8

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000167701.13
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:4552 GPT
MIMⁱ	138200 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P24298

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	2875
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000167701
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28947

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL5929
Drug and drug target database More...DrugBankⁱ	DB00160 L-Alanine DB00142 L-Glutamic Acid DB00780 Phenelzine DB00114 Pyridoxal Phosphate DB09325 Sodium fluoride

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	GPT
DMDMⁱ	46577683

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Initiator methionineⁱ		Removed1 Publication
ChainⁱPRO_0000123933	2 – 496	Alanine aminotransferase 1Add BLAST		495

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	2	N-acetylalanine1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	22	PhosphothreonineCombined sources	1
Modified residueⁱ	314	N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysineBy similarity	1

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Acetylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P24298
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P24298
PaxDbⁱ	P24298
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P24298
PRIDEⁱ	P24298
ProteomicsDBⁱ	54194

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P24298
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P24298

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. Expressed at moderate levels in the adipose tissue.1 Publication

Inductionⁱ

By glucocorticoids.

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000167701 Expressed in 128 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_GPT
Genevisibleⁱ	P24298 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	CAB032997 CAB032999 HPA031059 HPA031060

HPAⁱ

CAB032997
CAB032999
HPA031059
HPA031060

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer.

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	109133, 6 interactors
IntActⁱ	P24298, 3 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000378408

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P24298
SMRⁱ	P24298
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0258 Eukaryota COG0436 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00650000093331
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000215020
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG026148
InParanoidⁱ	P24298
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K00814
OMAⁱ	FHAKFTL
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0PY3
PhylomeDBⁱ	P24298
TreeFamⁱ	TF300839

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.40.640.10, 1 hit 3.90.1150.10, 2 hits
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR004839 Aminotransferase_I/II IPR015424 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase IPR015422 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_dom1 IPR015421 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00155 Aminotran_1_2, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF53383 SSF53383, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

P24298-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MASSTGDRSQ AVRHGLRAKV LTLDGMNPRV RRVEYAVRGP IVQRALELEQ 
        60         70         80         90        100
ELRQGVKKPF TEVIRANIGD AQAMGQRPIT FLRQVLALCV NPDLLSSPNF 
       110        120        130        140        150
PDDAKKRAER ILQACGGHSL GAYSVSSGIQ LIREDVARYI ERRDGGIPAD 
       160        170        180        190        200
PNNVFLSTGA SDAIVTVLKL LVAGEGHTRT GVLIPIPQYP LYSATLAELG 
       210        220        230        240        250
AVQVDYYLDE ERAWALDVAE LHRALGQARD HCRPRALCVI NPGNPTGQVQ 
       260        270        280        290        300
TRECIEAVIR FAFEERLFLL ADEVYQDNVY AAGSQFHSFK KVLMEMGPPY 
       310        320        330        340        350
AGQQELASFH STSKGYMGEC GFRGGYVEVV NMDAAVQQQM LKLMSVRLCP 
       360        370        380        390        400
PVPGQALLDL VVSPPAPTDP SFAQFQAEKQ AVLAELAAKA KLTEQVFNEA 
       410        420        430        440        450
PGISCNPVQG AMYSFPRVQL PPRAVERAQE LGLAPDMFFC LRLLEETGIC 
       460        470        480        490 
VVPGSGFGQR EGTYHFRMTI LPPLEKLRLL LEKLSRFHAK FTLEYS

Length:496

Mass (Da):54,637

Last modified:January 23, 2007 - v3

Checksum:ⁱ23705E7A3A4283B6

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	4 – 7	STGD → RRGN in BAA01186 (Ref. 7) Curated	4
Sequence conflictⁱ	39	G → S in BAA01186 (Ref. 7) Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	222	H → A AA sequence (PubMed:1931970).Curated	1

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_000561	14	H → N in allele GPT*2. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1063739Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_075711	430	E → Q Found in patient with Joubert syndrome; unknown pathological significance. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs141505249Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_075712	452	V → L Found in patient with Joubert syndrome; unknown pathological significance. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs147998249Ensembl.	1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U70732 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC51155.1 BT006992 mRNA Translation: AAP35638.1 EF444981 Genomic DNA Translation: ACA05996.1 CH471162 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW82077.1 CH471162 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW82078.1 BC018207 mRNA Translation: AAH18207.1 D10355 mRNA Translation: BAA01186.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS6430.1
PIRⁱ	A40465
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_005300.1, NM_005309.2 XP_011515295.1, XM_011516993.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.103502

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000394955; ENSP00000378408; ENSG00000167701 ENST00000528431; ENSP00000433586; ENSG00000167701
GeneIDⁱ	2875
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2875
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc003zdh.5 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P24298	Uncharacterized protein		RHIRO		498	UniRef90_P24298
Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase		SAIBB		496
Uncharacterized protein		MACFA		496
Alanine aminotransferase 1		CALJA		496
Uncharacterized protein		AOTNA		496
+24

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P24298	Uncharacterized protein		RHIRO		498	UniRef50_P24298
Uncharacterized protein		Cebus capucinus imitator		496
Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase		CALJA		496
Uncharacterized protein		CHLSB		496
Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase		GORGO		496
+420

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

SHMPD

The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database

Wikipedia

Alanine transaminase entry

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U70732 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC51155.1 BT006992 mRNA Translation: AAP35638.1 EF444981 Genomic DNA Translation: ACA05996.1 CH471162 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW82077.1 CH471162 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW82078.1 BC018207 mRNA Translation: AAH18207.1 D10355 mRNA Translation: BAA01186.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS6430.1
PIRⁱ	A40465
RefSeqⁱ	NP_005300.1, NM_005309.2 XP_011515295.1, XM_011516993.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.103502

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P24298
SMRⁱ	P24298
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	109133, 6 interactors
IntActⁱ	P24298, 3 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000378408

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL5929
DrugBankⁱ	DB00160 L-Alanine DB00142 L-Glutamic Acid DB00780 Phenelzine DB00114 Pyridoxal Phosphate DB09325 Sodium fluoride

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P24298
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P24298

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	GPT
DMDMⁱ	46577683

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P24298
MaxQBⁱ	P24298
PaxDbⁱ	P24298
PeptideAtlasⁱ	P24298
PRIDEⁱ	P24298
ProteomicsDBⁱ	54194

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000394955; ENSP00000378408; ENSG00000167701 ENST00000528431; ENSP00000433586; ENSG00000167701
GeneIDⁱ	2875
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2875
UCSCⁱ	uc003zdh.5 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	2875
DisGeNETⁱ	2875
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000167701.13
GeneCardsⁱ	GPT
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:4552 GPT
HPAⁱ	CAB032997 CAB032999 HPA031059 HPA031060
MIMⁱ	138200 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P24298
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000167701
PharmGKBⁱ	PA28947
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	KOG0258 Eukaryota COG0436 LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00650000093331
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000215020
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG026148
InParanoidⁱ	P24298
KOⁱ	K00814
OMAⁱ	FHAKFTL
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0PY3
PhylomeDBⁱ	P24298
TreeFamⁱ	TF300839

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00528;UER00586
BioCycⁱ	MetaCyc:HS09610-MONOMER
Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-70614 Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination)

Miscellaneous databases

GenomeRNAiⁱ	2875
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P24298
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000167701 Expressed in 128 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_GPT
Genevisibleⁱ	P24298 HS

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.40.640.10, 1 hit 3.90.1150.10, 2 hits
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR004839 Aminotransferase_I/II IPR015424 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase IPR015422 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_dom1 IPR015421 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00155 Aminotran_1_2, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF53383 SSF53383, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	ALAT1_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P24298Primary (citable) accession number: P24298 Secondary accession number(s): B0YJ18 , D3DWM7, P78398, Q93076
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 1, 1992
	Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 185 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
Human chromosome 8
Human chromosome 8: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

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Supporting data

UniProtKB - P24298 (ALAT1_HUMAN)

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Alanine aminotransferase 1

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Other locations

Cytosol

Extracellular region or secreted

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

Pathwayⁱ: L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ