Interleukin-10

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 is a potent growth and differentiation factor for activated human B lymphocytes."
    Rousset F., Garcia E., Defrance T., Peronne C., Vezzio N., Hsu D.H., Kastelein R., Moore K.W., Banchereau J.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:1890-1893(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-10 receptor binding Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: homology to Epstein-Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI."
    Vieira P., de Waal-Malefyt R., Dang M.-N., Johnson K.E., Kastelein R., Fiorentino D.F., Devries J.E., Roncarolo M.-G., Mosmann T.R., Moore K.W.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:1172-1176(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• protein dimerization activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Conformational changes mediate interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) binding to IL-10 and assembly of the signaling complex."
    Yoon S.I., Logsdon N.J., Sheikh F., Donnelly R.P., Walter M.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:35088-35096(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-42, INTERACTION WITH IL10RA AND IL10RB.

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aging Source: Ensembl
• B cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 (IL-10) upregulates functional high affinity IL-2 receptors on normal and leukemic B lymphocytes."
    Fluckiger A.C., Garrone P., Durand I., Galizzi J.P., Banchereau J.
    J Exp Med 178:1473-1481(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• B cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 (IL-10) upregulates functional high affinity IL-2 receptors on normal and leukemic B lymphocytes."
    Fluckiger A.C., Garrone P., Durand I., Galizzi J.P., Banchereau J.
    J Exp Med 178:1473-1481(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to estradiol stimulus Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10-induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes."
    Rossato M., Curtale G., Tamassia N., Castellucci M., Mori L., Gasperini S., Mariotti B., De Luca M., Mirolo M., Cassatella M.A., Locati M., Bazzoni F.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E3101-10(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 (IL-10)-mediated inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human alveolar macrophages."
    Raychaudhuri B., Fisher C.J., Farver C.F., Malur A., Drazba J., Kavuru M.S., Thomassen M.J.
    Cytokine 12:1348-1355(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to bacterium Source: Ensembl
• defense response to protozoan Source: Ensembl
• endothelial cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCL
• hemopoiesis Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor."
    Moore K.W., de Waal Malefyt R., Coffman R.L., O'Garra A.
    Annu Rev Immunol 19:683-765(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• leukocyte chemotaxis Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "Identification of functional domains on human interleukin 10."
    Gesser B., Leffers H., Jinquan T., Vestergaard C., Kirstein N., Sindet-Pedersen S., Jensen S.L., Thestrup-Pedersen K., Larsen C.G.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:14620-14625(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 26-34 AND 170-178.
• liver regeneration Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "IL-10 inhibits apoptotic cell death in human T cells starved of IL-2."
    Taga K., Cherney B., Tosato G.
    Int Immunol 5:1599-1608(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of autophagy Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL10 inhibits starvation-induced autophagy in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via cross talk between the IL10-IL10R-STAT3 and IL10-AKT-mTOR pathways."
    Shi J., Wang H., Guan H., Shi S., Li Y., Wu X., Li N., Yang C., Bai X., Cai W., Yang F., Wang X., Su L., Zheng Z., Hu D.
    Cell Death Dis. 7:E2133-E2133(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of B cell proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression."
    Li L., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Choi Y.S.
    Cell Immunol 178:33-41(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
• negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of cytokine activity Source: CACAO <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Human interleukin 10 suppresses production of inflammatory mediators by LPS-stimulated equine peritoneal macrophages."
    Hawkins D.L., MacKay R.J., MacKay S.L., Moldawer L.L.
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol 66:1-10(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cytokine production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Interleukin 10(IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes."
    de Waal Malefyt R., Abrams J., Bennett B., Figdor C.G., de Vries J.E.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:1209-1220(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCL
• negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron death Source: ARUK-UCL
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interferon-alpha production Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Exogenous and endogenous IL-10 regulate IFN-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to viral stimulation."
    Payvandi F., Amrute S., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P.
    J Immunol 160:5861-5868(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of interleukin-12 production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-18 production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-1 production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-10 regulates TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) involving a TIMP-3 dependent and independent mechanism."
    Brennan F.M., Green P., Amjadi P., Robertshaw H.J., Alvarez-Iglesias M., Takata M.
    Eur J Immunol 38:1106-1117(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Interleukin 10(IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes."
    de Waal Malefyt R., Abrams J., Bennett B., Figdor C.G., de Vries J.E.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:1209-1220(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCL
• negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of sensory perception of pain Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of T cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Human interleukin-10 can directly inhibit T-cell growth."
    Taga K., Mostowski H., Tosato G.
    Blood 81:2964-2971(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: AgBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel regulatory B-cell population in sheep Peyer's patches spontaneously secretes IL-10 and downregulates TLR9-induced IFNalpha responses."
    Booth J.S., Griebel P.J., Babiuk L.A., Mutwiri G.K.
    Mucosal Immunol 2:265-275(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression."
    Li L., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Choi Y.S.
    Cell Immunol 178:33-41(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell cycle Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of cytokine production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cross-linking of OX40 ligand, a member of the TNF/NGF cytokine family, induces proliferation and differentiation in murine splenic B cells."
    Stuber E., Neurath M., Calderhead D., Fell H.P., Strober W.
    Immunity 2:507-521(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of immunoglobulin production Source: ARUK-UCL <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) is a potent inhibitor of B-cell functions in rheumatoid arthritis patients."
    Kremlitzka M., Polgar A., Fulop L., Kiss E., Poor G., Erdei A.
    Int Immunol 25:25-33(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of macrophage activation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) is a potent inhibitor of B-cell functions in rheumatoid arthritis patients."
    Kremlitzka M., Polgar A., Fulop L., Kiss E., Poor G., Erdei A.
    Int Immunol 25:25-33(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10-induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes."
    Rossato M., Curtale G., Tamassia N., Castellucci M., Mori L., Gasperini S., Mariotti B., De Luca M., Mirolo M., Cassatella M.A., Locati M., Bazzoni F.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E3101-10(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Conformational changes mediate interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) binding to IL-10 and assembly of the signaling complex."
    Yoon S.I., Logsdon N.J., Sheikh F., Donnelly R.P., Walter M.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:35088-35096(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-42, INTERACTION WITH IL10RA AND IL10RB.
• positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "B7-H4 expression identifies a novel suppressive macrophage population in human ovarian carcinoma."
    Kryczek I., Zou L., Rodriguez P., Zhu G., Wei S., Mottram P., Brumlik M., Cheng P., Curiel T., Myers L., Lackner A., Alvarez X., Ochoa A., Chen L., Zou W.
    J. Exp. Med. 203:871-881(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
• regulation of gene expression Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apoptosis and proliferation of SAC-activated B cells by IL-10 are associated with changes in Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 expression."
    Li L., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Choi Y.S.
    Cell Immunol 178:33-41(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of isotype switching Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 (IL-10) upregulates functional high affinity IL-2 receptors on normal and leukemic B lymphocytes."
    Fluckiger A.C., Garrone P., Durand I., Galizzi J.P., Banchereau J.
    J Exp Med 178:1473-1481(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of response to wounding Source: BHF-UCL
• regulation of synapse organization Source: Ensembl
• response to activity Source: Ensembl
• response to carbon monoxide Source: Ensembl
• response to glucocorticoid Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to inactivity Source: Ensembl
• response to insulin Source: Ensembl
• response to molecule of bacterial origin Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Eis (enhanced intracellular survival) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disturbs the cross regulation of T-cells."
    Lella R.K., Sharma C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:18671-18675(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to xenobiotic stimulus Source: Ensembl
• type 2 immune response Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor."
    Moore K.W., de Waal Malefyt R., Coffman R.L., O'Garra A.
    Annu Rev Immunol 19:683-765(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: BHF-UCLNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor alpha decreases, and interleukin-10 increases, the sensitivity of human monocytes to dexamethasone: potential regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor."
    Franchimont D., Martens H., Hagelstein M.T., Louis E., Dewe W., Chrousos G.P., Belaiche J., Geenen V.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2834-2839(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Interleukin 10 is a potent growth and differentiation factor for activated human B lymphocytes."
    Rousset F., Garcia E., Defrance T., Peronne C., Vezzio N., Hsu D.H., Kastelein R., Moore K.W., Banchereau J.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:1890-1893(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-10 receptor binding Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: homology to Epstein-Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI."
    Vieira P., de Waal-Malefyt R., Dang M.-N., Johnson K.E., Kastelein R., Fiorentino D.F., Devries J.E., Roncarolo M.-G., Mosmann T.R., Moore K.W.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:1172-1176(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• protein dimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Conformational changes mediate interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) binding to IL-10 and assembly of the signaling complex."
    Yoon S.I., Logsdon N.J., Sheikh F., Donnelly R.P., Walter M.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 281:35088-35096(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-42, INTERACTION WITH IL10RA AND IL10RB.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MHSSALLCCL VLLTGVRASP GQGTQSENSC THFPGNLPNM LRDLRDAFSR 
        60         70         80         90        100
VKTFFQMKDQ LDNLLLKESL LEDFKGYLGC QALSEMIQFY LEEVMPQAEN 
       110        120        130        140        150
QDPDIKAHVN SLGENLKTLR LRLRRCHRFL PCENKSKAVE QVKNAFNKLQ 
       160        170 
EKGIYKAMSE FDIFINYIEA YMTMKIRN                         

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section provides information on polymorphic variants. If the variant is associated with a disease state, the description of the latter can be found in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/involvement%5Fin%5Fdisease">'Involvement in disease'</a> subsection.<p><a href='/help/polymorphism' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Polymorphismⁱ

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Genetic variation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 1
   Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. Human entries with genetic variants
   List of human entries with genetic variants
3. Human variants curated from literature reports
   Index of human variants curated from literature reports
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
6. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families