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UniProtKB - P21397 (AOFA_HUMAN)

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Protein

Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

Gene

MAOA

Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score: -Experimental evidence at protein leveli

Functioni

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Catalytic activityi

RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.

Cofactori

FAD2 Publications

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Sitei335Important for substrate specificityBy similarity1
Sitei374Important for catalytic activity1

GO - Molecular functioni

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processi

  • cellular biogenic amine metabolic process Source: ProtInc
  • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
  • dopamine catabolic process Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
  • neurotransmitter catabolic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
  • neurotransmitter metabolic process Source: Reactome
View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsi

Molecular functionOxidoreductase
Biological processCatecholamine metabolism, Neurotransmitter degradation
LigandFAD, Flavoprotein

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyciMetaCyc:HS01798-MONOMER
BRENDAi1.4.3.4 2681
ReactomeiR-HSA-141333 Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB
R-HSA-181430 Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle
R-HSA-379397 Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT
R-HSA-379398 Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase
R-HSA-380612 Metabolism of serotonin
R-HSA-5579012 Defective MAOA causes Brunner syndrome (BRUNS)
R-HSA-6785807 Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling
SABIO-RKiP21397
SIGNORiP21397

Names & Taxonomyi

Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (EC:1.4.3.4)
Alternative name(s):
Monoamine oxidase type A
Short name:
MAO-A
Gene namesi
Name:MAOA
OrganismiHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifieri9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo
Proteomesi
  • UP000005640 Componenti: Chromosome X

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBiHostDB:ENSG00000189221.9
HGNCiHGNC:6833 MAOA
MIMi309850 gene
neXtProtiNX_P21397

Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionGraphics by Christian Stolte; Source: COMPARTMENTS

Topology

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Topological domaini1 – 497Cytoplasmic1 PublicationAdd BLAST497
Transmembranei498 – 518Helical; Anchor for type IV membrane proteinAdd BLAST21
Topological domaini519 – 527Mitochondrial intermembrane1 Publication9

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Membrane, Mitochondrion, Mitochondrion outer membrane

Pathology & Biotechi

Involvement in diseasei

Brunner syndrome (BRNRS)1 Publication
The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease descriptionA form of X-linked non-dysmorphic mild mental retardation. Male patients are affected by borderline mental retardation and exhibit abnormal behavior, including disturbed regulation of impulsive aggression. Obligate female carriers have normal intelligence and behavior.
See also OMIM:300615

Mutagenesis

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Mutagenesisi165C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi266C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi306C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi321C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi323C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi374C → S: Complete loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi398C → S: No loss of activity. 1 Publication1
Mutagenesisi406C → S: Complete loss of activity. 1 Publication1

Keywords - Diseasei

Disease mutation, Mental retardation

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNETi4128
MalaCardsiMAOA
MIMi300615 phenotype
OpenTargetsiENSG00000189221
Orphaneti3057 Monoamine oxidase A deficiency
PharmGKBiPA236

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLiCHEMBL1951
DrugBankiDB01472 4-Methoxyamphetamine
DB07919 7-METHOXY-1-METHYL-9H-BETA-CARBOLINE
DB00918 Almotriptan
DB00182 Amphetamine
DB01445 Bufotenine
DB06774 Capsaicin
DB05205 CX157
DB07641 DECYL(DIMETHYL)PHOSPHINE OXIDE
DB00988 Dopamine
DB01363 Ephedra
DB03147 Flavin adenine dinucleotide
DB00614 Furazolidone
DB01247 Isocarboxazid
DB00601 Linezolid
DB01577 Methamphetamine
DB00805 Minaprine
DB01442 MMDA
DB01171 Moclobemide
DB08804 Nandrolone decanoate
DB00952 Naratriptan
DB04820 Nialamide
DB00184 Nicotine
DB04821 Nomifensine
DB06412 Oxymetholone
DB01626 Pargyline
DB00780 Phenelzine
DB00191 Phentermine
DB00388 Phenylephrine
DB00397 Phenylpropanolamine
DB04850 Posizolid
DB00721 Procaine
DB01168 Procarbazine
DB00852 Pseudoephedrine
DB00140 Riboflavin
DB00953 Rizatriptan
DB06654 Safinamide
DB01037 Selegiline
DB01104 Sertraline
DB00669 Sumatriptan
DB00624 Testosterone
DB00752 Tranylcypromine
DB04832 Zimelidine
DB00315 Zolmitriptan
DB00909 Zonisamide
GuidetoPHARMACOLOGYi2489

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaiMAOA
DMDMi113978

PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
ChainiPRO_00000998501 – 527Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AAdd BLAST527

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Modified residuei1N-acetylmethionine1 Publication1
Modified residuei383PhosphoserineBy similarity1
Modified residuei406S-8alpha-FAD cysteine1

Keywords - PTMi

Acetylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

EPDiP21397
PaxDbiP21397
PeptideAtlasiP21397
PRIDEiP21397
ProteomicsDBi53866

PTM databases

iPTMnetiP21397
PhosphoSitePlusiP21397
SwissPalmiP21397

Expressioni

Tissue specificityi

Heart, liver, duodenum, blood vessels and kidney.

Gene expression databases

BgeeiENSG00000189221
CleanExiHS_MAOA
ExpressionAtlasiP21397 baseline and differential
GenevisibleiP21397 HS

Organism-specific databases

HPAiCAB009437
HPA054807
HPA059299

Interactioni

Subunit structurei

Monomer, homo- or heterodimer (containing two subunits of similar size). Each subunit contains a covalently bound flavin. Enzymatically active as monomer.2 Publications

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridi110301, 6 interactors
IntActiP21397, 2 interactors
MINTiP21397
STRINGi9606.ENSP00000340684

Chemistry databases

BindingDBiP21397

Structurei

Secondary structure

1527
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details
Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Beta strandi15 – 19Combined sources5
Helixi23 – 34Combined sources12
Beta strandi39 – 42Combined sources4
Beta strandi44 – 49Combined sources6
Beta strandi54 – 57Combined sources4
Turni58 – 60Combined sources3
Beta strandi61 – 66Combined sources6
Helixi75 – 83Combined sources9
Beta strandi88 – 90Combined sources3
Beta strandi94 – 101Combined sources8
Beta strandi104 – 108Combined sources5
Beta strandi110 – 112Combined sources3
Helixi118 – 136Combined sources19
Helixi143 – 145Combined sources3
Helixi149 – 154Combined sources6
Helixi157 – 164Combined sources8
Helixi168 – 182Combined sources15
Turni186 – 188Combined sources3
Helixi191 – 199Combined sources9
Turni200 – 202Combined sources3
Helixi204 – 208Combined sources5
Beta strandi211 – 213Combined sources3
Beta strandi216 – 219Combined sources4
Helixi224 – 234Combined sources11
Helixi235 – 237Combined sources3
Beta strandi238 – 241Combined sources4
Beta strandi244 – 248Combined sources5
Beta strandi250 – 258Combined sources9
Beta strandi263 – 271Combined sources9
Helixi275 – 278Combined sources4
Beta strandi281 – 285Combined sources5
Helixi289 – 295Combined sources7
Beta strandi303 – 309Combined sources7
Helixi314 – 317Combined sources4
Beta strandi320 – 327Combined sources8
Beta strandi334 – 338Combined sources5
Beta strandi348 – 354Combined sources7
Helixi355 – 361Combined sources7
Helixi366 – 381Combined sources16
Helixi385 – 387Combined sources3
Beta strandi390 – 397Combined sources8
Turni401 – 403Combined sources3
Beta strandi405 – 407Combined sources3
Helixi415 – 418Combined sources4
Helixi420 – 422Combined sources3
Beta strandi430 – 432Combined sources3
Helixi435 – 437Combined sources3
Beta strandi439 – 441Combined sources3
Helixi445 – 462Combined sources18
Beta strandi464 – 466Combined sources3
Helixi469 – 471Combined sources3
Beta strandi479 – 481Combined sources3
Helixi490 – 494Combined sources5
Helixi498 – 520Combined sources23

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortaliP21397
SMRiP21397
ModBaseiSearch...
MobiDBiSearch...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceiP21397

Family & Domainsi

Region

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Regioni520 – 522Interaction with membrane phospholipid headgroupsCurated3

Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.Curated

Keywords - Domaini

Transmembrane, Transmembrane helix

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGiKOG0029 Eukaryota
ENOG410XSNC LUCA
GeneTreeiENSGT00730000110903
HOGENOMiHOG000221615
HOVERGENiHBG004255
InParanoidiP21397
KOiK00274
OMAiEWTRGAY
OrthoDBiEOG091G0G7P
PhylomeDBiP21397
TreeFamiTF313314

Family and domain databases

Gene3Di3.50.50.60, 4 hits
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR002937 Amino_oxidase
IPR036188 FAD/NAD-bd_sf
IPR001613 Flavin_amine_oxidase
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF01593 Amino_oxidase, 1 hit
PRINTSiPR00757 AMINEOXDASEF
SUPFAMiSSF51905 SSF51905, 2 hits

Sequences (2)i

Sequence statusi: Complete.

This entry describes 2 isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket

Isoform 1 (identifier: P21397-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MENQEKASIA GHMFDVVVIG GGISGLSAAK LLTEYGVSVL VLEARDRVGG 
        60         70         80         90        100
RTYTIRNEHV DYVDVGGAYV GPTQNRILRL SKELGIETYK VNVSERLVQY 
       110        120        130        140        150
VKGKTYPFRG AFPPVWNPIA YLDYNNLWRT IDNMGKEIPT DAPWEAQHAD 
       160        170        180        190        200
KWDKMTMKEL IDKICWTKTA RRFAYLFVNI NVTSEPHEVS ALWFLWYVKQ 
       210        220        230        240        250
CGGTTRIFSV TNGGQERKFV GGSGQVSERI MDLLGDQVKL NHPVTHVDQS 
       260        270        280        290        300
SDNIIIETLN HEHYECKYVI NAIPPTLTAK IHFRPELPAE RNQLIQRLPM 
       310        320        330        340        350
GAVIKCMMYY KEAFWKKKDY CGCMIIEDED APISITLDDT KPDGSLPAIM 
       360        370        380        390        400
GFILARKADR LAKLHKEIRK KKICELYAKV LGSQEALHPV HYEEKNWCEE 
       410        420        430        440        450
QYSGGCYTAY FPPGIMTQYG RVIRQPVGRI FFAGTETATK WSGYMEGAVE 
       460        470        480        490        500
AGERAAREVL NGLGKVTEKD IWVQEPESKD VPAVEITHTF WERNLPSVSG 
       510        520 
LLKIIGFSTS VTALGFVLYK YKLLPRS
Length:527
Mass (Da):59,682
Last modified:May 1, 1991 - v1
Checksum:i4270E346928AE832
GO
Isoform 2 (identifier: P21397-2) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-133: Missing.

Show »
Length:394
Mass (Da):44,848
Checksum:iCA2429F72CD7F231
GO

Experimental Info

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Sequence conflicti397W → M AA sequence (PubMed:3178846).Curated1

Mass spectrometryi

Molecular mass is 60512±6 Da from positions 1 - 527. Determined by ESI. 1 Publication

Polymorphismi

A polymorphism 1.2 kb upstream of the MAOA coding sequences consists of a 30-bp repeated sequence present in 3, 3.5, 4, or 5 copies. The polymorphism affect transcriptional activity of the MAOA gene promoter. Alleles with 3.5 or 4 copies of the repeat sequence are transcribed 2 to 10 times more efficiently than those with 3 or 5 copies of the repeat.

Natural variant

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Natural variantiVAR_03654515D → E in a breast cancer sample; somatic mutation. 1 Publication1
Natural variantiVAR_064573188E → K1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs77698881Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_071963266C → F Probable disease-associated mutation found in a family with Brunner syndrome-like behavioral disturbances; reduced activity. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs587777457EnsemblClinVar.1
Natural variantiVAR_014795314F → V. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1799835Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_014796520K → R. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1800466EnsemblClinVar.1

Alternative sequence

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Alternative sequenceiVSP_0451731 – 133Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST133

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
M69226 mRNA Translation: AAA59549.1
M68840 mRNA Translation: AAA59548.1
X60806 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60807 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60808 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60809 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60810 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60811 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60812 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60813 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60814 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60815 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60816 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60817 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60818 Genomic DNA No translation available.
X60819 Genomic DNA No translation available.
M68857
, M68843, M68844, M68845, M68846, M68847, M68848, M68849, M68850, M68851, M68852, M68853, M68854, M68855, M68856 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA59547.1
AK293926 mRNA Translation: BAG57307.1
AL109855 Genomic DNA No translation available.
BX530072 Genomic DNA No translation available.
BX537147 Genomic DNA No translation available.
BX537148 Genomic DNA No translation available.
BC008064 mRNA Translation: AAH08064.1
M89636 Genomic DNA Translation: AAB46385.1
S81371 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD14361.1
S72704 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD14113.1
CCDSiCCDS14260.1 [P21397-1]
CCDS59163.1 [P21397-2]
PIRiA36175
RefSeqiNP_000231.1, NM_000240.3 [P21397-1]
NP_001257387.1, NM_001270458.1 [P21397-2]
UniGeneiHs.183109

Genome annotation databases

EnsembliENST00000338702; ENSP00000340684; ENSG00000189221 [P21397-1]
ENST00000542639; ENSP00000440846; ENSG00000189221 [P21397-2]
GeneIDi4128
KEGGihsa:4128
UCSCiuc011mkw.3 human [P21397-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

Alternative splicing, Polymorphism

Similar proteinsi

Entry informationi

Entry nameiAOFA_HUMAN
AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P21397
Secondary accession number(s): B4DF46, Q16426
Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: May 1, 1991
Last sequence update: May 1, 1991
Last modified: July 18, 2018
This is version 204 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

  1. Human chromosome X
    Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
  2. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
    List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
  3. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
    Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
  4. MIM cross-references
    Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  5. PDB cross-references
    Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
  6. Protein Spotlight
    Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries
  7. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families

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