Endothelin-2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• endothelin B receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor."
    Sakamoto A., Yanagisawa M., Sakurai T., Takuwa Y., Yanagisawa H., Masaki T.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178:656-663(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.

GO - Biological processⁱ

• artery smooth muscle contraction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein."
    Bogoni G., Rizzi A., Calo G., Campobasso C., D'Orleans-Juste P., Regoli D.
    Br. J. Pharmacol. 119:1600-1604(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calcium-mediated signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes."
    Yada Y., Higuchi K., Imokawa G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 266:18352-18357(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence<br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endothelin-2 is a macrophage chemoattractant: implications for macrophage distribution in tumors."
    Grimshaw M.J., Wilson J.L., Balkwill F.R.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 32:2393-2400(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• energy homeostasis Source: Ensembl
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction Source: BHF-UCL <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Positive inotropic effect of endothelin-2 on human atrium preparations in vitro."
    Poli E., Barboso G., Casoli C., Starcich R., Bertaccini G.
    Cardioscience 2:99-104(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inositol phosphate-mediated signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes."
    Yada Y., Higuchi K., Imokawa G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 266:18352-18357(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lung alveolus development Source: Ensembl
• macrophage activation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endothelin-2 is a macrophage chemoattractant: implications for macrophage distribution in tumors."
    Grimshaw M.J., Wilson J.L., Balkwill F.R.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 32:2393-2400(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• macrophage chemotaxis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endothelin-2 is a macrophage chemoattractant: implications for macrophage distribution in tumors."
    Grimshaw M.J., Wilson J.L., Balkwill F.R.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 32:2393-2400(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neutrophil chemotaxis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The involvement of protein kinase G in stimulation of neutrophil migration by endothelins."
    Elferink J.G., De Koster B.M.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 350:285-291(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes."
    Yada Y., Higuchi K., Imokawa G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 266:18352-18357(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes."
    Yada Y., Higuchi K., Imokawa G.
    J. Biol. Chem. 266:18352-18357(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of heart rate Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.
• positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The involvement of protein kinase G in stimulation of neutrophil migration by endothelins."
    Elferink J.G., De Koster B.M.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 350:285-291(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 contributes to the endothelin/sarafotoxin-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis in mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1): evidence for a protein tyrosine kinase-signaling pathway and involvement of protein kinase C."
    Leis H.J., Zach D., Huber E., Windischhofer W.
    Endocrinology 139:1268-1277(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal Source: BHF-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Positive inotropic effect of endothelin-2 on human atrium preparations in vitro."
    Poli E., Barboso G., Casoli C., Starcich R., Bertaccini G.
    Cardioscience 2:99-104(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 contributes to the endothelin/sarafotoxin-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis in mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1): evidence for a protein tyrosine kinase-signaling pathway and involvement of protein kinase C."
    Leis H.J., Zach D., Huber E., Windischhofer W.
    Endocrinology 139:1268-1277(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.
• regulation of vasoconstriction Source: InterPro
• temperature homeostasis Source: Ensembl
• vasoconstriction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.
  • "Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein."
    Bogoni G., Rizzi A., Calo G., Campobasso C., D'Orleans-Juste P., Regoli D.
    Br. J. Pharmacol. 119:1600-1604(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vein smooth muscle contraction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein."
    Bogoni G., Rizzi A., Calo G., Campobasso C., D'Orleans-Juste P., Regoli D.
    Br. J. Pharmacol. 119:1600-1604(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) activity in human vascular smooth muscle."
    Maguire J.J., Johnson C.M., Mockridge J.W., Davenport A.P.
    Br. J. Pharmacol. 122:1647-1654(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• endothelin B receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor."
    Sakamoto A., Yanagisawa M., Sakurai T., Takuwa Y., Yanagisawa H., Masaki T.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178:656-663(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes."
    Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2863-2867(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 22-73.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MVSVPTTWCS VALALLVALH EGKGQAAATL EQPASSSHAQ GTHLRLRRCS 
        60         70         80         90        100
CSSWLDKECV YFCHLDIIWV NTPEQTAPYG LGNPPRRRRR SLPRRCQCSS 
       110        120        130        140        150
ARDPACATFC LRRPWTEAGA VPSRKSPADV FQTGKTGATT GELLQRLRDI 
       160        170 
STVKSLFAKR QQEAMREPRS THSRWRKR                         

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 1
   Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
4. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
5. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot