Azurocidin

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein (HBP/CAP37) deposited on endothelium enhances monocyte arrest under flow conditions."
    Soehnlein O., Xie X., Ulbrich H., Kenne E., Rotzius P., Flodgaard H., Eriksson E.E., Lindbom L.
    J. Immunol. 174:6399-6405(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heparin binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Basic residues in azurocidin/HBP contribute to both heparin binding and antimicrobial activity."
    McCabe D., Cukierman T., Gabay J.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:27477-27488(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptidase activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil-derived azurocidin cleaves insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, -2 and -4."
    Brandt K., Lundell K., Brismar K.
    Growth Horm. IGF Res. 21:167-173(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• serine-type endopeptidase activity Source: InterPro
• toxic substance binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.18

    "Characterization of the biosynthesis, processing, and sorting of human HBP/CAP37/azurocidin."
    Lindmark A., Garwicz D., Rasmussen P.B., Flodgaard H., Gullberg U.
    J. Leukoc. Biol. 66:634-643(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROPEPTIDE CLEAVAGE.

GO - Biological processⁱ

• antimicrobial humoral response Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Basic residues in azurocidin/HBP contribute to both heparin binding and antimicrobial activity."
    McCabe D., Cukierman T., Gabay J.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:27477-27488(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein (HBP/CAP37) deposited on endothelium enhances monocyte arrest under flow conditions."
    Soehnlein O., Xie X., Ulbrich H., Kenne E., Rotzius P., Flodgaard H., Eriksson E.E., Lindbom L.
    J. Immunol. 174:6399-6405(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis."
    Griffith G.L., Russell R.A., Kasus-Jacobi A., Thavathiru E., Gonzalez M.L., Logan S., Pereira H.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:6712-6723(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular extravasation Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Secretion of heparin-binding protein from human neutrophils is determined by its localization in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles."
    Tapper H., Karlsson A., Morgelin M., Flodgaard H., Herwald H.
    Blood 99:1785-1793(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to virus Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "CAP37-derived antimicrobial peptides have in vitro antiviral activity against adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1."
    Gordon Y.J., Romanowski E.G., Shanks R.M., Yates K.A., Hinsley H., Pereira H.A.
    Curr. Eye Res. 34:241-249(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glial cell migration Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• induction of positive chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inflammatory response Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Heparin binding protein (CAP37) differentially modulates endotoxin-induced cytokine production."
    Heinzelmann M., Kim E., Hofmeister A., Gordon L.E., Platz A., Cheadle W.G.
    Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2:457-466(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• macrophage chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Cloning of the cDNA for the serine protease homolog CAP37/azurocidin, a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes."
    Morgan J.G., Sukiennicki T., Pereira H.A., Spitznagel J.K., Guerra M.E., Larrick J.L.
    J. Immunol. 147:3210-3214(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• microglial cell activation Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• monocyte activation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Heparin-binding protein targeted to mitochondrial compartments protects endothelial cells from apoptosis."
    Olofsson A.M., Vestberg M., Herwald H., Rygaard J., David G., Arfors K.E., Linde V., Flodgaard H., Dedio J., Muller-Esterl W., Lundgren-Akerlund E.
    J. Clin. Invest. 104:885-894(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
• neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "Azurocidin and a homologous serine protease from neutrophils. Differential antimicrobial and proteolytic properties."
    Campanelli D., Detmers P.A., Nathan C.F., Gabay J.E.
    J. Clin. Invest. 85:904-915(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TOPOLOGY.
• positive regulation of cell adhesion Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "CAP37, a neutrophil-derived inflammatory mediator, augments leukocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers."
    Lee T.D., Gonzalez M.L., Kumar P., Grammas P., Pereira H.A.
    Microvasc. Res. 66:38-48(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein (HBP/CAP37) deposited on endothelium enhances monocyte arrest under flow conditions."
    Soehnlein O., Xie X., Ulbrich H., Kenne E., Rotzius P., Flodgaard H., Eriksson E.E., Lindbom L.
    J. Immunol. 174:6399-6405(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis."
    Griffith G.L., Russell R.A., Kasus-Jacobi A., Thavathiru E., Gonzalez M.L., Logan S., Pereira H.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:6712-6723(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis."
    Griffith G.L., Russell R.A., Kasus-Jacobi A., Thavathiru E., Gonzalez M.L., Logan S., Pereira H.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:6712-6723(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein kinase activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis."
    Griffith G.L., Russell R.A., Kasus-Jacobi A., Thavathiru E., Gonzalez M.L., Logan S., Pereira H.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:6712-6723(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of microglia: a neuroinflammatory role for CAP37."
    Pereira H.A., Ruan X., Kumar P.
    Glia 41:64-72(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase C signaling Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis."
    Griffith G.L., Russell R.A., Kasus-Jacobi A., Thavathiru E., Gonzalez M.L., Logan S., Pereira H.A.
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:6712-6723(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteolysis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil-derived azurocidin cleaves insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, -2 and -4."
    Brandt K., Lundell K., Brismar K.
    Growth Horm. IGF Res. 21:167-173(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of vascular permeability Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Secretion of heparin-binding protein from human neutrophils is determined by its localization in azurophilic granules and secretory vesicles."
    Tapper H., Karlsson A., Morgelin M., Flodgaard H., Herwald H.
    Blood 99:1785-1793(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil-derived heparin-binding protein (HBP/CAP37) deposited on endothelium enhances monocyte arrest under flow conditions."
    Soehnlein O., Xie X., Ulbrich H., Kenne E., Rotzius P., Flodgaard H., Eriksson E.E., Lindbom L.
    J. Immunol. 174:6399-6405(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MTRLTVLALL AGLLASSRAG SSPLLDIVGG RKARPRQFPF LASIQNQGRH 
        60         70         80         90        100
FCGGALIHAR FVMTAASCFQ SQNPGVSTVV LGAYDLRRRE RQSRQTFSIS 
       110        120        130        140        150
SMSENGYDPQ QNLNDLMLLQ LDREANLTSS VTILPLPLQN ATVEAGTRCQ 
       160        170        180        190        200
VAGWGSQRSG GRLSRFPRFV NVTVTPEDQC RPNNVCTGVL TRRGGICNGD 
       210        220        230        240        250
GGTPLVCEGL AHGVASFSLG PCGRGPDFFT RVALFRDWID GVLNNPGPGP 

A                                                      

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 19
   Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
4. Peptidase families
   Classification of peptidase families and list of entries
5. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot