UniProtKB - P17444 (BETA_ECOLI)
Protein
Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase
Gene
betA
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Status
Functioni
Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Catalyzes the oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine at the same rate.UniRule annotation2 Publications
Catalytic activityi
Cofactori
FADUniRule annotation
Activity regulationi
Activated by high osmotic strength.1 Publication
Kineticsi
- KM=0.06 mM for NAD (at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
- KM=0.13 mM for glycine betaine aldehyde (at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
- KM=0.5 mM for NADP (at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
- KM=1.5 mM for choline (at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
- KM=1.6 mM for glycine betaine aldehyde (at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees Celsius)1 Publication
pH dependencei
Optimum pH is 7.5 for choline dehydrogenase and is between 7.5 and 9.5 for glycine betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase.1 Publication
: betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway Pathwayi
This protein is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route).UniRule annotationProteins known to be involved in this subpathway in this organism are:
- Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase (betA), Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase (betA)
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route), the pathway betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway and in Amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active sitei | 473 | Proton acceptorUniRule annotation | 1 |
Regions
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nucleotide bindingi | 4 – 33 | FADUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 30 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC
- choline dehydrogenase activity Source: EcoCyc
- flavin adenine dinucleotide binding Source: InterPro
- oxidoreductase activity Source: GO_Central
GO - Biological processi
- glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline Source: EcoCyc
- response to osmotic stress Source: EcoCyc
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Oxidoreductase |
Biological process | Stress response |
Ligand | FAD, Flavoprotein, NAD |
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyci | EcoCyc:CHD-MONOMER MetaCyc:CHD-MONOMER |
UniPathwayi | UPA00529;UER00385 |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenaseUniRule annotation (EC:1.1.99.1UniRule annotation)Short name: CDHUniRule annotation Short name: CHDUniRule annotation Alternative name(s): Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenaseUniRule annotation (EC:1.2.1.8UniRule annotation) Short name: BADHUniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:betAUniRule annotation Ordered Locus Names:b0311, JW0303 |
Organismi | Escherichia coli (strain K12) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 83333 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacterales › Enterobacteriaceae › Escherichia › |
Proteomesi |
|
Subcellular locationi
Plasma membrane
- Cell membrane 1 Publication; Peripheral membrane protein 1 Publication
Plasma Membrane
- plasma membrane Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Other locations
- membrane Source: EcoCyc
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Cell membrane, MembranePathology & Biotechi
Disruption phenotypei
Cells lacking this gene do not grow at high osmotic strength in the presence of choline, but are able to grow when the medium is supplemented with glycine betaine.1 Publication
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000205586 | 1 – 556 | Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenaseAdd BLAST | 556 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | P17444 |
PRIDEi | P17444 |
Expressioni
Inductioni
By osmotic stress. Choline is required for full expression. Oxygen and choline exert their control via the transacting DNA-binding proteins ArcA and BetI, respectively.2 Publications
Interactioni
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 4262800, 6 interactors 850086, 1 interactor |
IntActi | P17444, 8 interactors |
STRINGi | 511145.b0311 |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.UniRule annotation
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG2303, Bacteria |
HOGENOMi | CLU_002865_7_1_6 |
InParanoidi | P17444 |
PhylomeDBi | P17444 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.50.50.60, 1 hit 4.10.450.10, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_00750, Choline_dehydrogen, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR011533, BetA IPR036188, FAD/NAD-bd_sf IPR027424, Glucose_Oxidase_domain_2 IPR012132, GMC_OxRdtase IPR000172, GMC_OxRdtase_N IPR007867, GMC_OxRtase_C |
PANTHERi | PTHR11552, PTHR11552, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF05199, GMC_oxred_C, 1 hit PF00732, GMC_oxred_N, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF000137, Alcohol_oxidase, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF51905, SSF51905, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR01810, betA, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00623, GMC_OXRED_1, 1 hit PS00624, GMC_OXRED_2, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
P17444-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MQFDYIIIGA GSAGNVLATR LTEDPNTSVL LLEAGGPDYR FDFRTQMPAA
60 70 80 90 100
LAFPLQGKRY NWAYETEPEP FMNNRRMECG RGKGLGGSSL INGMCYIRGN
110 120 130 140 150
ALDLDNWAQE PGLENWSYLD CLPYYRKAET RDMGENDYHG GDGPVSVTTS
160 170 180 190 200
KPGVNPLFEA MIEAGVQAGY PRTDDLNGYQ QEGFGPMDRT VTPQGRRAST
210 220 230 240 250
ARGYLDQAKS RPNLTIRTHA MTDHIIFDGK RAVGVEWLEG DSTIPTRATA
260 270 280 290 300
NKEVLLCAGA IASPQILQRS GVGNAELLAE FDIPLVHELP GVGENLQDHL
310 320 330 340 350
EMYLQYECKE PVSLYPALQW WNQPKIGAEW LFGGTGVGAS NHFEAGGFIR
360 370 380 390 400
SREEFAWPNI QYHFLPVAIN YNGSNAVKEH GFQCHVGSMR SPSRGHVRIK
410 420 430 440 450
SRDPHQHPAI LFNYMSHEQD WQEFRDAIRI TREIMHQPAL DQYRGREISP
460 470 480 490 500
GVECQTDEQL DEFVRNHAET AFHPCGTCKM GYDEMSVVDG EGRVHGLEGL
510 520 530 540 550
RVVDASIMPQ IITGNLNATT IMIGEKIADM IRGQEALPRS TAGYFVANGM
PVRAKK
Sequence cautioni
The sequence AAB18037 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Truncated N-terminus.Curated
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X52905 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA37093.1 M77738 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA23504.1 U73857 Genomic DNA Translation: AAB18037.1 Different initiation. U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC73414.1 AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAE76094.1 |
PIRi | S15182, S10901 |
RefSeqi | NP_414845.1, NC_000913.3 WP_001159094.1, NZ_STEB01000020.1 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | AAC73414; AAC73414; b0311 BAE76094; BAE76094; BAE76094 |
GeneIDi | 57730751 945716 |
KEGGi | ecj:JW0303 eco:b0311 |
PATRICi | fig|1411691.4.peg.1966 |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X52905 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA37093.1 M77738 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA23504.1 U73857 Genomic DNA Translation: AAB18037.1 Different initiation. U00096 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC73414.1 AP009048 Genomic DNA Translation: BAE76094.1 |
PIRi | S15182, S10901 |
RefSeqi | NP_414845.1, NC_000913.3 WP_001159094.1, NZ_STEB01000020.1 |
3D structure databases
SMRi | P17444 |
ModBasei | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGRIDi | 4262800, 6 interactors 850086, 1 interactor |
IntActi | P17444, 8 interactors |
STRINGi | 511145.b0311 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | P17444 |
PRIDEi | P17444 |
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteriai | AAC73414; AAC73414; b0311 BAE76094; BAE76094; BAE76094 |
GeneIDi | 57730751 945716 |
KEGGi | ecj:JW0303 eco:b0311 |
PATRICi | fig|1411691.4.peg.1966 |
Organism-specific databases
EchoBASEi | EB0107 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | COG2303, Bacteria |
HOGENOMi | CLU_002865_7_1_6 |
InParanoidi | P17444 |
PhylomeDBi | P17444 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
UniPathwayi | UPA00529;UER00385 |
BioCyci | EcoCyc:CHD-MONOMER MetaCyc:CHD-MONOMER |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:P17444 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 3.50.50.60, 1 hit 4.10.450.10, 1 hit |
HAMAPi | MF_00750, Choline_dehydrogen, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR011533, BetA IPR036188, FAD/NAD-bd_sf IPR027424, Glucose_Oxidase_domain_2 IPR012132, GMC_OxRdtase IPR000172, GMC_OxRdtase_N IPR007867, GMC_OxRtase_C |
PANTHERi | PTHR11552, PTHR11552, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF05199, GMC_oxred_C, 1 hit PF00732, GMC_oxred_N, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF000137, Alcohol_oxidase, 1 hit |
SUPFAMi | SSF51905, SSF51905, 1 hit |
TIGRFAMsi | TIGR01810, betA, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00623, GMC_OXRED_1, 1 hit PS00624, GMC_OXRED_2, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | BETA_ECOLI | |
Accessioni | P17444Primary (citable) accession number: P17444 Secondary accession number(s): P77861, Q2MCB2 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | August 1, 1990 |
Last sequence update: | August 1, 1990 | |
Last modified: | April 7, 2021 | |
This is version 171 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families