Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• identical protein binding Source: AgBase
• protein-containing complex binding Source: MGI
• transforming growth factor beta binding Source: AgBase
• type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase
• type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase
• type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of MAPK activity Source: MGI
• animal organ morphogenesis Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Snail family members and cell survival in physiological and pathological cleft palates."
    Martinez-Alvarez C., Blanco M.J., Perez R., Rabadan M.A., Aparicio M., Resel E., Martinez T., Nieto M.A.
    Dev Biol 265:207-218(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• BMP signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell junction organization Source: AgBase
• cellular response to growth factor stimulus Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Comparative analysis of TGF beta s, BMPs, IGF1, msxs, fibronectin, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein gene expression during normal and in vitro-induced odontoblast differentiation."
    Begue-Kirn C., Smith A.J., Loriot M., Kupferle C., Ruch J.V., Lesot H.
    Int J Dev Biol 38:405-420(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• detection of hypoxia Source: AgBase
• embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis Source: MGI
• face morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "The role of transforming growth factor-beta signalling in the patterning of the proximal processes of the murine dentary."
    Anthwal N., Chai Y., Tucker A.S.
    Dev Dyn 237:1604-1613(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• gene expression Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Developmental expression analysis of the mouse and chick orthologues of IRF6: the gene mutated in Van der Woude syndrome."
    Knight A.S., Schutte B.C., Jiang R., Dixon M.J.
    Dev Dyn 235:1441-1447(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• in utero embryonic development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Tgf-beta3-induced palatal fusion is mediated by Alk-5/Smad pathway."
    Dudas M., Nagy A., Laping N.J., Moustakas A., Kaartinen V.
    Dev Biol 266:96-108(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lung alveolus development Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.5

    "Abnormal lung development and cleft palate in mice lacking TGF-beta 3 indicates defects of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction."
    Kaartinen V., Voncken J.W., Shuler C., Warburton D., Bu D., Heisterkamp N., Groffen J.
    Nat. Genet. 11:415-421(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
• mammary gland development Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulated expression and growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in mouse mammary gland development."
    Robinson S.D., Silberstein G.B., Roberts A.B., Flanders K.C., Daniel C.W.
    Development 113:867-878(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "TGF-beta3-dependent SMAD2 phosphorylation and inhibition of MEE proliferation during palatal fusion."
    Cui X.M., Chai Y., Chen J., Yamamoto T., Ito Y., Bringas P., Shuler C.F.
    Dev Dyn 227:387-394(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production Source: AgBase
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Essential function of HIPK2 in TGFbeta-dependent survival of midbrain dopamine neurons."
    Zhang J., Pho V., Bonasera S.J., Holtzman J., Tang A.T., Hellmuth J., Tang S., Janak P.H., Tecott L.H., Huang E.J.
    Nat Neurosci 10:77-86(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway Source: MGI
• negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: MGI
• ossification involved in bone remodeling Source: AgBase
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Epithelial and ectomesenchymal role of the type I TGF-beta receptor ALK5 during facial morphogenesis and palatal fusion."
    Dudas M., Kim J., Li W.Y., Nagy A., Larsson J., Karlsson S., Chai Y., Kaartinen V.
    Dev Biol 296:298-314(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of bone mineralization Source: AgBase
• positive regulation of cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process Source: AgBase
• positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "TGFbeta3 signaling activates transcription of the LEF1 gene to induce epithelial mesenchymal transformation during mouse palate development."
    Nawshad A., Hay E.D.
    J Cell Biol 163:1291-1301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of filopodium assembly Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Epithelial and ectomesenchymal role of the type I TGF-beta receptor ALK5 during facial morphogenesis and palatal fusion."
    Dudas M., Kim J., Li W.Y., Nagy A., Larsson J., Karlsson S., Chai Y., Kaartinen V.
    Dev Biol 296:298-314(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "TGF-beta-induced mesenchymal transition of MS-1 endothelial cells requires Smad-dependent cooperative activation of Rho signals and MRTF-A."
    Mihira H., Suzuki H.I., Akatsu Y., Yoshimatsu Y., Igarashi T., Miyazono K., Watabe T.
    J Biochem 151:145-156(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "TGFbeta3 signaling activates transcription of the LEF1 gene to induce epithelial mesenchymal transformation during mouse palate development."
    Nawshad A., Hay E.D.
    J Cell Biol 163:1291-1301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein secretion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "TGFbeta3 signaling activates transcription of the LEF1 gene to induce epithelial mesenchymal transformation during mouse palate development."
    Nawshad A., Hay E.D.
    J Cell Biol 163:1291-1301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of stress fiber assembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of tight junction disassembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "TGFbeta3 signaling activates transcription of the LEF1 gene to induce epithelial mesenchymal transformation during mouse palate development."
    Nawshad A., Hay E.D.
    J Cell Biol 163:1291-1301(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Essential function of HIPK2 in TGFbeta-dependent survival of midbrain dopamine neurons."
    Zhang J., Pho V., Bonasera S.J., Holtzman J., Tang A.T., Hellmuth J., Tang S., Janak P.H., Tecott L.H., Huang E.J.
    Nat Neurosci 10:77-86(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to estrogen Source: MGI
• response to hypoxia Source: AgBase
• response to progesterone Source: AgBase
• roof of mouth development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Developmental expression analysis of the mouse and chick orthologues of IRF6: the gene mutated in Van der Woude syndrome."
    Knight A.S., Schutte B.C., Jiang R., Dixon M.J.
    Dev Dyn 235:1441-1447(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• salivary gland morphogenesis Source: AgBase
• secondary palate development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.6

    "Pathogenesis of cleft palate in TGF-beta3 knockout mice."
    Taya Y., O'Kane S., Ferguson M.W.
    Development 126:3869-3879(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
  • Ref.7

    "Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) positively regulates transforming growth factor (TGF) beta3 and is essential for mouse palatogenesis."
    Wu B.X., Li A., Lei L., Kaneko S., Wallace C., Li X., Li Z.
    J. Biol. Chem. 292:18091-18097(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH LRRC32.
  • Ref.4

    "Transforming growth factor-beta 3 is required for secondary palate fusion."
    Proetzel G., Pawlowski S.A., Wiles M.V., Yin M., Boivin G.P., Howles P.N., Ding J., Ferguson M.W., Doetschman T.
    Nat. Genet. 11:409-414(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
• SMAD protein signal transduction Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway Source: AgBase

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section describes the in vivo effects caused by ablation of the gene (or one or more transcripts) coding for the protein described in the entry. This includes gene knockout and knockdown, provided experiments have been performed in the context of a whole organism or a specific tissue, and not at the single-cell level.<p><a href='/help/disruption_phenotype' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Disruption phenotypeⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• identical protein binding Source: AgBase
• transforming growth factor beta binding Source: AgBase
• type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase
• type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase
• type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: AgBase

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Motif

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MHLQRALVVL ALLNLATISL SLSTCTTLDF GHIKKKRVEA IRGQILSKLR 
        60         70         80         90        100
LTSPPEPSVM THVPYQVLAL YNSTRELLEE MHGEREEGCT QETSESEYYA 
       110        120        130        140        150
KEIHKFDMIQ GLAEHNELAV CPKGITSKVF RFNVSSVEKN GTNLFRAEFR 
       160        170        180        190        200
VLRVPNPSSK RTEQRIELFQ ILRPDEHIAK QRYIGGKNLP TRGTAEWLSF 
       210        220        230        240        250
DVTDTVREWL LRRESNLGLE ISIHCPCHTF QPNGDILENV HEVMEIKFKG 
       260        270        280        290        300
VDNEDDHGRG DLGRLKKQKD HHNPHLILMM IPPHRLDSPG QGSQRKKRAL 
       310        320        330        340        350
DTNYCFRNLE ENCCVRPLYI DFRQDLGWKW VHEPKGYYAN FCSGPCPYLR 
       360        370        380        390        400
SADTTHSTVL GLYNTLNPEA SASPCCVPQD LEPLTILYYV GRTPKVEQLS 
       410
NMVVKSCKCS                                             

Sequence databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families