Protein groucho

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• CRD domain binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• HMG box domain binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• repressing transcription factor binding Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Two modes of recruitment of E(spl) repressors onto target genes."
    Giagtzoglou N., Alifragis P., Koumbanakis K.A., Delidakis C.
    Development 130:259-270(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription corepressor activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcriptional repression by AML1 and LEF-1 is mediated by the TLE/Groucho corepressors."
    Levanon D., Goldstein R.E., Bernstein Y., Tang H., Goldenberg D., Stifani S., Paroush Z., Groner Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:11590-11595(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB-KW
• epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation of Groucho mediates RTK feedback inhibition and prolonged pathway target gene expression."
    Helman A., Cinnamon E., Mezuman S., Hayouka Z., Von Ohlen T., Orian A., Jimenez G., Paroush Z.
    Curr Biol 21:1102-1110(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation of Groucho mediates RTK feedback inhibition and prolonged pathway target gene expression."
    Helman A., Cinnamon E., Mezuman S., Hayouka Z., Von Ohlen T., Orian A., Jimenez G., Paroush Z.
    Curr Biol 21:1102-1110(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway Source: FlyBaseInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "The SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, Dgrn, is essential for Drosophila innate immunity."
    Koltun B., Shackelford E., Bonnay F., Matt N., Reichhart J.M., Orian A.
    Int J Dev Biol 61:319-327(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Groucho restricts rhomboid expression and couples EGFR activation with R8 selection during Drosophila photoreceptor differentiation."
    Zhang T., Du W.
    Dev Biol 407:246-255(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nervous system development Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The Enhancer of split complex and adjacent genes in the 96F region of Drosophila melanogaster are required for segregation of neural and epidermal progenitor cells."
    Schrons H., Knust E., Campos-Ortega J.A.
    Genetics 132:481-503(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Groucho corepressor functions as a cofactor for the Knirps short-range transcriptional repressor."
    Payankaulam S., Arnosti D.N.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:17314-17319(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio Source: FlyBase <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Structure, function and evolution of sex-determining systems in Dipteran insects."
    Schutt C., Nothiger R.
    Development 127:667-677(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• torso signaling pathway Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation of Groucho mediates RTK feedback inhibition and prolonged pathway target gene expression."
    Helman A., Cinnamon E., Mezuman S., Hayouka Z., Von Ohlen T., Orian A., Jimenez G., Paroush Z.
    Curr Biol 21:1102-1110(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Wnt signaling pathway Source: Reactome

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of the gene product at various stages of a cell, tissue or organism development. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at the protein level'.<p><a href='/help/developmental_stage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Developmental stageⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• CRD domain binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• HMG box domain binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Groucho binds two conserved regions of LEF-1 for HDAC-dependent repression."
    Arce L., Pate K.T., Waterman M.L.
    BMC Cancer 9:159-159(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• repressing transcription factor binding Source: FlyBaseInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Two modes of recruitment of E(spl) repressors onto target genes."
    Giagtzoglou N., Alifragis P., Koumbanakis K.A., Delidakis C.
    Development 130:259-270(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcriptional repression by AML1 and LEF-1 is mediated by the TLE/Groucho corepressors."
    Levanon D., Goldstein R.E., Bernstein Y., Tang H., Goldenberg D., Stifani S., Paroush Z., Groner Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:11590-11595(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Motif

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 2 described isoforms and 5 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MYPSPVRHPA AGGPPPQGPI KFTIADTLER IKEEFNFLQA QYHSIKLECE 
        60         70         80         90        100
KLSNEKTEMQ RHYVMYYEMS YGLNVEMHKQ TEIAKRLNTL INQLLPFLQA 
       110        120        130        140        150
DHQQQVLQAV ERAKQVTMQE LNLIIGHQQQ HGIQQLLQQI HAQQVPGGPP 
       160        170        180        190        200
QPMGALNPFG ALGATMGLPH GPQGLLNKPP EHHRPDIKPT GLEGPAAAEE 
       210        220        230        240        250
RLRNSVSPAD REKYRTRSPL DIENDSKRRK DEKLQEDEGE KSDQDLVVDV 
       260        270        280        290        300
ANEMESHSPR PNGEHVSMEV RDRESLNGER LEKPSSSGIK QERPPSRSGS 
       310        320        330        340        350
SSSRSTPSLK TKDMEKPGTP GAKARTPTPN AAAPAPGVNP KQMMPQGPPP 
       360        370        380        390        400
AGYPGAPYQR PADPYQRPPS DPAYGRPPPM PYDPHAHVRT NGIPHPSALT 
       410        420        430        440        450
GGKPAYSFHM NGEGSLQPVP FPPDALVGVG IPRHARQINT LSHGEVVCAV 
       460        470        480        490        500
TISNPTKYVY TGGKGCVKVW DISQPGNKNP VSQLDCLQRD NYIRSVKLLP 
       510        520        530        540        550
DGRTLIVGGE ASNLSIWDLA SPTPRIKAEL TSAAPACYAL AISPDSKVCF 
       560        570        580        590        600
SCCSDGNIAV WDLHNEILVR QFQGHTDGAS CIDISPDGSR LWTGGLDNTV 
       610        620        630        640        650
RSWDLREGRQ LQQHDFSSQI FSLGYCPTGD WLAVGMENSH VEVLHASKPD 
       660        670        680        690        700
KYQLHLHESC VLSLRFAACG KWFVSTGKDN LLNAWRTPYG ASIFQSKETS 
       710        720        730
SVLSCDISTD DKYIVTGSGD KKATVYEVIY                       

        10         20         30         40         50
MYPSPVRHPA AGGPPPQGPI KFTIADTLER IKEEFNFLQA QYHSIKLECE 
        60         70         80         90        100
KLSNEKTEMQ RHYVMYYEMS YGLNVEMHKQ TEIAKRLNTL INQLLPFLQA 
       110        120        130        140        150
DHQQQVLQAV ERAKQVTMQE LNLIIGQQIH AQQVPGGPPQ PMGALNPFGA 
       160        170        180        190        200
LGATMGLPHG PQGLLNKPPE HHRPDIKPTG LEGPAAAEER LRNSVSPADR 
       210        220        230        240        250
EKYRTRSPLD IENDSKRRKD EKLQEDEGEK SDQDLVVDVA NEMESHSPRP 
       260        270        280        290        300
NGEHVSMEVR DRESLNGERL EKPSSSGIKQ ERPPSRSGSS SSRSTPSLKT 
       310        320        330        340        350
KDMEKPGTPG AKARTPTPNA AAPAPGVNPK QMMPQGPPPA GYPGAPYQRP 
       360        370        380        390        400
ADPYQRPPSD PAYGRPPPMP YDPHAHVRTN GIPHPSALTG GKPAYSFHMN 
       410        420        430        440        450
GEGSLQPVPF PPDALVGVGI PRHARQINTL SHGEVVCAVT ISNPTKYVYT 
       460        470        480        490        500
GGKGCVKVWD ISQPGNKNPV SQLDCLQRDN YIRSVKLLPD GRTLIVGGEA 
       510        520        530        540        550
SNLSIWDLAS PTPRIKAELT SAAPACYALA ISPDSKVCFS CCSDGNIAVW 
       560        570        580        590        600
DLHNEILVRQ FQGHTDGASC IDISPDGSRL WTGGLDNTVR SWDLREGRQL 
       610        620        630        640        650
QQHDFSSQIF SLGYCPTGDW LAVGMENSHV EVLHASKPDK YQLHLHESCV 
       660        670        680        690        700
LSLRFAACGK WFVSTGKDNL LNAWRTPYGA SIFQSKETSS VLSCDISTDD 
       710 
KYIVTGSGDK KATVYEVIY                                   

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Drosophila
   Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families