Skip Header

You are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website. Please consider upgrading your browser.

UniProtKB - P12821 (ACE_HUMAN)

Protein

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Gene

ACE

Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score: -Experimental evidence at protein leveli

Functioni

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety.

Miscellaneous

Inhibitors of ACE are commonly used to treat hypertension and some types of renal and cardiac dysfunction.
The glycosidase activity probably uses different active site residues than the metalloprotease activity.

Catalytic activityi

Release of a C-terminal dipeptide, oligopeptide-|-Xaa-Yaa, when Xaa is not Pro, and Yaa is neither Asp nor Glu. Thus, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, with increase in vasoconstrictor activity, but no action on angiotensin II.

Cofactori

Protein has several cofactor binding sites:
  • Zn2+Note: Binds 2 Zn2+ ions per subunit.
  • chlorideNote: Binds 3 chloride ions per subunit.

Cofactori (for Isoform Testis-specific)

Zn2+Note: Isoform Testis-specific only binds 1 Zn2+ ion per subunit.

Activity regulationi

Strongly activated by chloride. Specifically inhibited by lisinopril, captopril and enalaprilat.

Kineticsi

  1. KM=2.51 mM for Hip-His-Leu2 Publications

    Sites

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Binding sitei231Chloride 11
    Metal bindingi390Zinc 1; catalytic1 Publication1
    Active sitei39111
    Metal bindingi394Zinc 1; catalytic1 Publication1
    Metal bindingi418Zinc 1; catalytic1 Publication1
    Binding sitei529Chloride 11
    Binding sitei791Chloride 21
    Binding sitei829Chloride 31
    Metal bindingi988Zinc 2; catalytic1 Publication1
    Active sitei98921
    Metal bindingi992Zinc 2; catalytic1 Publication1
    Metal bindingi1016Zinc 2; catalytic1 Publication1
    Binding sitei1090Chloride 21
    Binding sitei1094Chloride 21
    Binding sitei1127Chloride 31

    GO - Molecular functioni

    View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

    GO - Biological processi

    View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

    Keywordsi

    Molecular functionCarboxypeptidase, Hydrolase, Metalloprotease, Protease
    LigandMetal-binding, Zinc

    Enzyme and pathway databases

    BioCyciMetaCyc:HS08412-MONOMER
    BRENDAi3.4.15.1 2681
    ReactomeiR-HSA-2022377 Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins
    SABIO-RKiP12821
    SignaLinkiP12821
    SIGNORiP12821

    Protein family/group databases

    MEROPSiM02.001

    Names & Taxonomyi

    Protein namesi
    Recommended name:
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC:3.2.1.-, EC:3.4.15.1)
    Short name:
    ACE
    Alternative name(s):
    Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I
    Kininase II
    CD_antigen: CD143
    Cleaved into the following chain:
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form
    Gene namesi
    Name:ACE
    Synonyms:DCP, DCP1
    OrganismiHomo sapiens (Human)
    Taxonomic identifieri9606 [NCBI]
    Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo
    Proteomesi
    • UP000005640 Componenti: Chromosome 17

    Organism-specific databases

    EuPathDBiHostDB:ENSG00000159640.15
    HGNCiHGNC:2707 ACE
    MIMi106180 gene+phenotype
    neXtProtiNX_P12821

    Subcellular locationi

    Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionGraphics by Christian Stolte; Source: COMPARTMENTS

    Topology

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Topological domaini30 – 1256ExtracellularSequence analysisAdd BLAST1227
    Transmembranei1257 – 1277HelicalSequence analysisAdd BLAST21
    Topological domaini1278 – 1306CytoplasmicSequence analysisAdd BLAST29

    Keywords - Cellular componenti

    Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Membrane, Secreted

    Pathology & Biotechi

    Involvement in diseasei

    Ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR)1 Publication
    Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
    Disease descriptionA stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.
    See also OMIM:601367
    Renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD)1 Publication
    The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
    Disease descriptionAutosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).
    See also OMIM:267430
    Microvascular complications of diabetes 3 (MVCD3)1 Publication
    Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
    Disease descriptionPathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.
    See also OMIM:612624
    Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)1 Publication
    Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
    Disease descriptionA pathological condition characterized by bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. Intracerebral bleeding is a common cause of stroke.
    See also OMIM:614519

    Mutagenesis

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Mutagenesisi1299S → A: Abolishes phosphorylation and decreases membrane retention. 1 Publication1

    Organism-specific databases

    DisGeNETi1636
    MalaCardsiACE
    MIMi106180 gene+phenotype
    267430 phenotype
    601367 phenotype
    612624 phenotype
    614519 phenotype
    OpenTargetsiENSG00000159640
    Orphaneti34145 NON RARE IN EUROPE: Berger disease
    97369 Renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin
    PharmGKBiPA139

    Chemistry databases

    ChEMBLiCHEMBL1808
    DrugBankiDB02032 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid
    DB00542 Benazepril
    DB00616 Candoxatril
    DB01197 Captopril
    DB01340 Cilazapril
    DB00584 Enalapril
    DB09477 Enalaprilat
    DB00492 Fosinopril
    DB00722 Lisinopril
    DB00691 Moexipril
    DB03740 N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
    DB00886 Omapatrilat
    DB00790 Perindopril
    DB00881 Quinapril
    DB00178 Ramipril
    DB01180 Rescinnamine
    DB01348 Spirapril
    DB08836 Temocapril
    DB00519 Trandolapril
    DB13166 Zofenopril
    GuidetoPHARMACOLOGYi1613

    Polymorphism and mutation databases

    BioMutaiACE
    DMDMi113045

    PTM / Processingi

    Molecule processing

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Signal peptidei1 – 291 PublicationAdd BLAST29
    ChainiPRO_000002853030 – 1306Angiotensin-converting enzymeAdd BLAST1277
    ChainiPRO_000002853130 – 1232Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble formAdd BLAST1203
    PropeptideiPRO_00000285321233 – 1306Removed in soluble formAdd BLAST74

    Amino acid modifications

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Glycosylationi38N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication1
    Glycosylationi54N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine2 Publications1
    Glycosylationi74N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication1
    Glycosylationi111N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine2 Publications1
    Glycosylationi146N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine2 Publications1
    Disulfide bondi157 ↔ 1651 Publication
    Glycosylationi160N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis1
    Glycosylationi318N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication1
    Glycosylationi445N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication1
    Glycosylationi509N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine3 Publications1
    Glycosylationi677N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis1
    Glycosylationi695N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) asparagine2 Publications1
    Glycosylationi714N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) asparagine3 Publications1
    Disulfide bondi757 ↔ 7631 Publication
    Glycosylationi760N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; partial1 Publication1
    Glycosylationi942N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; partial1 Publication1
    Disulfide bondi957 ↔ 9751 Publication
    Disulfide bondi1143 ↔ 11551 Publication
    Glycosylationi1191N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine; partial1 Publication1
    Modified residuei1299Phosphoserine1 Publication1

    Post-translational modificationi

    Phosphorylated by CK2 on Ser-1299; which allows membrane retention.1 Publication

    Sites

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Sitei1225Not glycosylated1 Publication1

    Keywords - PTMi

    Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein, Phosphoprotein

    Proteomic databases

    MaxQBiP12821
    PaxDbiP12821
    PeptideAtlasiP12821
    PRIDEiP12821
    ProteomicsDBi52874
    52875 [P12821-2]
    52876 [P12821-3]
    52877 [P12821-4]

    PTM databases

    GlyConnecti1011
    iPTMnetiP12821
    PhosphoSitePlusiP12821

    Miscellaneous databases

    PMAP-CutDBiP12821

    Expressioni

    Tissue specificityi

    Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in lung, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal system and prostate. Isoform Testis-specific is expressed in spermatocytes and adult testis.4 Publications

    Inductioni

    Up-regulated in failing heart.2 Publications

    Gene expression databases

    BgeeiENSG00000159640 Expressed in 115 organ(s), highest expression level in testis
    CleanExiHS_ACE
    ExpressionAtlasiP12821 baseline and differential
    GenevisibleiP12821 HS

    Organism-specific databases

    HPAiCAB002426
    CAB002921
    HPA029298
    HPA069790

    Interactioni

    GO - Molecular functioni

    View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

    Protein-protein interaction databases

    BioGridi108004, 8 interactors
    CORUMiP12821
    IntActiP12821, 1 interactor
    MINTiP12821
    STRINGi9606.ENSP00000290866

    Chemistry databases

    BindingDBiP12821

    Structurei

    Secondary structure

    11306
    Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
    Show more details

    3D structure databases

    ProteinModelPortaliP12821
    SMRiP12821
    ModBaseiSearch...
    MobiDBiSearch...

    Miscellaneous databases

    EvolutionaryTraceiP12821

    Family & Domainsi

    Region

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Regioni30 – 630Peptidase M2 1Add BLAST601
    Regioni631 – 1232Peptidase M2 2Add BLAST602

    Sequence similaritiesi

    Belongs to the peptidase M2 family.Curated

    Keywords - Domaini

    Repeat, Signal, Transmembrane, Transmembrane helix

    Phylogenomic databases

    eggNOGiKOG3690 Eukaryota
    ENOG410XPJ3 LUCA
    GeneTreeiENSGT00520000055576
    HOGENOMiHOG000007838
    HOVERGENiHBG000264
    InParanoidiP12821
    KOiK01283
    OMAiVTMEQLF
    OrthoDBiEOG091G033S
    PhylomeDBiP12821
    TreeFamiTF312861

    Family and domain databases

    CDDicd06461 M2_ACE, 2 hits
    InterProiView protein in InterPro
    IPR001548 Peptidase_M2
    PANTHERiPTHR10514 PTHR10514, 2 hits
    PfamiView protein in Pfam
    PF01401 Peptidase_M2, 2 hits
    PRINTSiPR00791 PEPDIPTASEA
    PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
    PS00142 ZINC_PROTEASE, 2 hits

    Sequences (4+)i

    Sequence statusi: Complete.

    Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

    This entry describes 4 isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket

    This entry has 4 described isoforms and 9 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

    Isoform Somatic-1 (identifier: P12821-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

    This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

    « Hide
            10         20         30         40         50
    MGAASGRRGP GLLLPLPLLL LLPPQPALAL DPGLQPGNFS ADEAGAQLFA 
            60         70         80         90        100
    QSYNSSAEQV LFQSVAASWA HDTNITAENA RRQEEAALLS QEFAEAWGQK 
           110        120        130        140        150
    AKELYEPIWQ NFTDPQLRRI IGAVRTLGSA NLPLAKRQQY NALLSNMSRI 
           160        170        180        190        200
    YSTAKVCLPN KTATCWSLDP DLTNILASSR SYAMLLFAWE GWHNAAGIPL 
           210        220        230        240        250
    KPLYEDFTAL SNEAYKQDGF TDTGAYWRSW YNSPTFEDDL EHLYQQLEPL 
           260        270        280        290        300
    YLNLHAFVRR ALHRRYGDRY INLRGPIPAH LLGDMWAQSW ENIYDMVVPF 
           310        320        330        340        350
    PDKPNLDVTS TMLQQGWNAT HMFRVAEEFF TSLELSPMPP EFWEGSMLEK 
           360        370        380        390        400
    PADGREVVCH ASAWDFYNRK DFRIKQCTRV TMDQLSTVHH EMGHIQYYLQ 
           410        420        430        440        450
    YKDLPVSLRR GANPGFHEAI GDVLALSVST PEHLHKIGLL DRVTNDTESD 
           460        470        480        490        500
    INYLLKMALE KIAFLPFGYL VDQWRWGVFS GRTPPSRYNF DWWYLRTKYQ 
           510        520        530        540        550
    GICPPVTRNE THFDAGAKFH VPNVTPYIRY FVSFVLQFQF HEALCKEAGY 
           560        570        580        590        600
    EGPLHQCDIY RSTKAGAKLR KVLQAGSSRP WQEVLKDMVG LDALDAQPLL 
           610        620        630        640        650
    KYFQPVTQWL QEQNQQNGEV LGWPEYQWHP PLPDNYPEGI DLVTDEAEAS 
           660        670        680        690        700
    KFVEEYDRTS QVVWNEYAEA NWNYNTNITT ETSKILLQKN MQIANHTLKY 
           710        720        730        740        750
    GTQARKFDVN QLQNTTIKRI IKKVQDLERA ALPAQELEEY NKILLDMETT 
           760        770        780        790        800
    YSVATVCHPN GSCLQLEPDL TNVMATSRKY EDLLWAWEGW RDKAGRAILQ 
           810        820        830        840        850
    FYPKYVELIN QAARLNGYVD AGDSWRSMYE TPSLEQDLER LFQELQPLYL 
           860        870        880        890        900
    NLHAYVRRAL HRHYGAQHIN LEGPIPAHLL GNMWAQTWSN IYDLVVPFPS 
           910        920        930        940        950
    APSMDTTEAM LKQGWTPRRM FKEADDFFTS LGLLPVPPEF WNKSMLEKPT 
           960        970        980        990       1000
    DGREVVCHAS AWDFYNGKDF RIKQCTTVNL EDLVVAHHEM GHIQYFMQYK 
          1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
    DLPVALREGA NPGFHEAIGD VLALSVSTPK HLHSLNLLSS EGGSDEHDIN 
          1060       1070       1080       1090       1100
    FLMKMALDKI AFIPFSYLVD QWRWRVFDGS ITKENYNQEW WSLRLKYQGL 
          1110       1120       1130       1140       1150
    CPPVPRTQGD FDPGAKFHIP SSVPYIRYFV SFIIQFQFHE ALCQAAGHTG 
          1160       1170       1180       1190       1200
    PLHKCDIYQS KEAGQRLATA MKLGFSRPWP EAMQLITGQP NMSASAMLSY 
          1210       1220       1230       1240       1250
    FKPLLDWLRT ENELHGEKLG WPQYNWTPNS ARSEGPLPDS GRVSFLGLDL 
          1260       1270       1280       1290       1300
    DAQQARVGQW LLLFLGIALL VATLGLSQRL FSIRHRSLHR HSHGPQFGSE 

    VELRHS
    Length:1,306
    Mass (Da):149,715
    Last modified:October 1, 1989 - v1
    Checksum:i1B33BCA7301A26AA
    GO
    Isoform Somatic-2 (identifier: P12821-2) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
    Also known as: Soluble

    The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
         1137-1145: QFHEALCQA → HPFSQHTAA
         1146-1306: Missing.

    Note: Incomplete sequence.
    Show »
    Length:1,145
    Mass (Da):131,659
    Checksum:iB7EED12CAB675583
    GO
    Isoform Testis-specific (identifier: P12821-3) [UniParc] [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
    Also known as: ACE-T

    The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
         1-574: Missing.
         575-641: AGSSRPWQEV...LPDNYPEGID → MGQGWATAGL...AHQTSAQSPN

    Show »
    Length:732
    Mass (Da):83,330
    Checksum:i80E0D19CFA642313
    GO
    Isoform 4 (identifier: P12821-4) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

    The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
         1-641: MGAASGRRGP...LPDNYPEGID → MGQGWATAGL...AHQTSAQSPN
         1128-1168: Missing.

    Note: No experimental confirmation available.
    Show »
    Length:691
    Mass (Da):78,694
    Checksum:iF31FE078F52FF0B2
    GO

    Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi

    There are 9 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basket
    EntryEntry nameProtein names
    		Gene namesLengthAnnotation
    A0A0A0MSN4A0A0A0MSN4_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		1,242Annotation score:
    J3KS28J3KS28_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		314Annotation score:
    J3KTB8J3KTB8_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		282Annotation score:
    J3KSQ5J3KSQ5_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		208Annotation score:
    J3KRH5J3KRH5_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		145Annotation score:
    J3KTH9J3KTH9_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		168Annotation score:
    J3QLR4J3QLR4_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		119Annotation score:
    J3QRX8J3QRX8_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		138Annotation score:
    J3QSC7J3QSC7_HUMAN
    Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    ACE
    		36Annotation score:

    Sequence cautioni

    The sequence BAD92208 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.Curated

    Experimental Info

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Sequence conflicti35Q → E AA sequence (PubMed:2558109).Curated1
    Sequence conflicti42D → R AA sequence (PubMed:2558109).Curated1

    Natural variant

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Natural variantiVAR_029139154A → T. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs13306087Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_029140183A → T. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs12720754Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_023430244Y → C. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs3730025Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_054000260R → C. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4302Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_054001260R → L. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4303EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_011707261A → S1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4303EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_074173295D → N1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs989500910Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_023431351P → L. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs2229839EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_035434354G → R1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs56394458EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_029141379R → Q. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs13306085Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_029142524V → A. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs12720746Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_011708561R → W1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4314Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_020053592D → G. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs12709426EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_034602828M → T. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs13306091EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_023432916T → M. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs3730043Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0141891018I → T1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4976Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0141901051F → V1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4977Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0234331187T → M. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs12709442Ensembl.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0234341228P → L No effect on activity; increases secretion; rate of solubilization is 2.5-fold higher than wild-type. 3 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs121912703EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0141911279R → Q1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4980EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0117091286R → S2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4364EnsemblClinVar.1
    Natural variantiVAR_0141921296Q → P1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4981Ensembl.1
    Isoform Testis-specific (identifier: P12821-3)
    Natural varianti32S → P. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4317Ensembl.1
    Natural varianti49S → G. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs4318Ensembl.1

    Alternative sequence

    Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_0548361 – 641MGAAS…PEGID → MGQGWATAGLPSLLFLLLCY GHPLLVPSQEASQQVTVTHG TSSQATTSSQTTTHQATAHQ TSAQSPN in isoform 4. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST641
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_0351201 – 574Missing in isoform Testis-specific. 2 PublicationsAdd BLAST574
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_035121575 – 641AGSSR…PEGID → MGQGWATAGLPSLLFLLLCY GHPLLVPSQEASQQVTVTHG TSSQATTSSQTTTHQATAHQ TSAQSPN in isoform Testis-specific. 2 PublicationsAdd BLAST67
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_0548371128 – 1168Missing in isoform 4. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST41
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_0299321137 – 1145QFHEALCQA → HPFSQHTAA in isoform Somatic-2. 1 Publication9
    Alternative sequenceiVSP_0299331146 – 1306Missing in isoform Somatic-2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST161

    Sequence databases

    Select the link destinations:
    EMBLi
    GenBanki
    DDBJi
    Links Updated
    		J04144 mRNA Translation: AAA51684.1
    M26657 mRNA Translation: AAA60611.1
    X16295 mRNA Translation: CAA34362.1
    AF118569 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD28560.1
    AY436326 Genomic DNA Translation: AAR03504.1
    AK301988 mRNA Translation: BAG63395.1
    EU332840 Genomic DNA Translation: ABY87529.1
    AB208971 mRNA Translation: BAD92208.1 Different initiation.
    AC113554 Genomic DNA No translation available.
    CCDSiCCDS11637.1 [P12821-1]
    CCDS45755.1 [P12821-3]
    CCDS54155.1 [P12821-4]
    PIRiA31759
    PW0053
    S05238
    RefSeqiNP_000780.1, NM_000789.3 [P12821-1]
    NP_001171528.1, NM_001178057.1 [P12821-4]
    NP_690043.1, NM_152830.2 [P12821-3]
    UniGeneiHs.298469

    Genome annotation databases

    EnsembliENST00000290863; ENSP00000290863; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-3]
    ENST00000290866; ENSP00000290866; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-1]
    ENST00000413513; ENSP00000392247; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-4]
    GeneIDi1636
    KEGGihsa:1636
    UCSCiuc002jau.3 human [P12821-1]

    Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

    Alternative splicing, Polymorphism

    Similar proteinsi

    Cross-referencesi

    Web resourcesi

    SHMPD

    The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database

    Sequence databases

    Select the link destinations:
    EMBLi
    GenBanki
    DDBJi
    Links Updated
    		J04144 mRNA Translation: AAA51684.1
    M26657 mRNA Translation: AAA60611.1
    X16295 mRNA Translation: CAA34362.1
    AF118569 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD28560.1
    AY436326 Genomic DNA Translation: AAR03504.1
    AK301988 mRNA Translation: BAG63395.1
    EU332840 Genomic DNA Translation: ABY87529.1
    AB208971 mRNA Translation: BAD92208.1 Different initiation.
    AC113554 Genomic DNA No translation available.
    CCDSiCCDS11637.1 [P12821-1]
    CCDS45755.1 [P12821-3]
    CCDS54155.1 [P12821-4]
    PIRiA31759
    PW0053
    S05238
    RefSeqiNP_000780.1, NM_000789.3 [P12821-1]
    NP_001171528.1, NM_001178057.1 [P12821-4]
    NP_690043.1, NM_152830.2 [P12821-3]
    UniGeneiHs.298469

    3D structure databases

    Select the link destinations:
    PDBei
    RCSB PDBi
    PDBji
    Links Updated
    		PDB entryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
    1O86X-ray2.00A642-1230[»]
    1O8AX-ray2.00A642-1230[»]
    1UZEX-ray1.82A642-1230[»]
    1UZFX-ray2.00A642-1230[»]
    2C6FX-ray3.01A/B30-641[»]
    2C6NX-ray3.00A/B30-641[»]
    2IULX-ray2.01A642-1232[»]
    2IUXX-ray2.80A642-1232[»]
    2OC2X-ray2.25A642-1232[»]
    2XY9X-ray1.97A645-1228[»]
    2XYDX-ray2.15A/B30-639[»]
    2YDMX-ray2.44A642-1230[»]
    3BKKX-ray2.17A642-1232[»]
    3BKLX-ray2.18A642-1232[»]
    3L3NX-ray2.30A642-1232[»]
    3NXQX-ray1.99A/B30-658[»]
    4APHX-ray1.99A642-1230[»]
    4APJX-ray2.60A642-1230[»]
    4BXKX-ray2.20A/B30-657[»]
    4BZRX-ray1.84A642-1230[»]
    4BZSX-ray2.10A/B30-657[»]
    4C2NX-ray2.59A642-1230[»]
    4C2OX-ray1.80A642-1230[»]
    4C2PX-ray1.99A642-1230[»]
    4C2QX-ray2.40A642-1230[»]
    4C2RX-ray2.30A642-1230[»]
    4CA5X-ray1.85A642-1230[»]
    4CA6X-ray1.91A/B30-639[»]
    4UFAX-ray1.80A/B30-657[»]
    4UFBX-ray1.80A/B/C/D30-657[»]
    5AM8X-ray1.90A/B/C/D30-658[»]
    5AM9X-ray1.80A/B/C/D30-658[»]
    5AMAX-ray1.80A/B/C/D30-658[»]
    5AMBX-ray1.55A/B30-658[»]
    5AMCX-ray1.65A/B30-658[»]
    6EN5X-ray1.75A/B/C/D30-657[»]
    6EN6X-ray1.80A/B/C/D30-657[»]
    6F9RX-ray1.85A/B30-657[»]
    6F9TX-ray1.60A642-1232[»]
    6F9UX-ray1.90A642-1232[»]
    6F9VX-ray1.69A/B30-657[»]
    ProteinModelPortaliP12821
    SMRiP12821
    ModBaseiSearch...
    MobiDBiSearch...

    Protein-protein interaction databases

    BioGridi108004, 8 interactors
    CORUMiP12821
    IntActiP12821, 1 interactor
    MINTiP12821
    STRINGi9606.ENSP00000290866

    Chemistry databases

    BindingDBiP12821
    ChEMBLiCHEMBL1808
    DrugBankiDB02032 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid
    DB00542 Benazepril
    DB00616 Candoxatril
    DB01197 Captopril
    DB01340 Cilazapril
    DB00584 Enalapril
    DB09477 Enalaprilat
    DB00492 Fosinopril
    DB00722 Lisinopril
    DB00691 Moexipril
    DB03740 N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
    DB00886 Omapatrilat
    DB00790 Perindopril
    DB00881 Quinapril
    DB00178 Ramipril
    DB01180 Rescinnamine
    DB01348 Spirapril
    DB08836 Temocapril
    DB00519 Trandolapril
    DB13166 Zofenopril
    GuidetoPHARMACOLOGYi1613

    Protein family/group databases

    MEROPSiM02.001

    PTM databases

    GlyConnecti1011
    iPTMnetiP12821
    PhosphoSitePlusiP12821

    Polymorphism and mutation databases

    BioMutaiACE
    DMDMi113045

    Proteomic databases

    MaxQBiP12821
    PaxDbiP12821
    PeptideAtlasiP12821
    PRIDEiP12821
    ProteomicsDBi52874
    52875 [P12821-2]
    52876 [P12821-3]
    52877 [P12821-4]

    Protocols and materials databases

    Structural Biology KnowledgebaseSearch...

    Genome annotation databases

    EnsembliENST00000290863; ENSP00000290863; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-3]
    ENST00000290866; ENSP00000290866; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-1]
    ENST00000413513; ENSP00000392247; ENSG00000159640 [P12821-4]
    GeneIDi1636
    KEGGihsa:1636
    UCSCiuc002jau.3 human [P12821-1]

    Organism-specific databases

    CTDi1636
    DisGeNETi1636
    EuPathDBiHostDB:ENSG00000159640.15
    GeneCardsiACE
    HGNCiHGNC:2707 ACE
    HPAiCAB002426
    CAB002921
    HPA029298
    HPA069790
    MalaCardsiACE
    MIMi106180 gene+phenotype
    267430 phenotype
    601367 phenotype
    612624 phenotype
    614519 phenotype
    neXtProtiNX_P12821
    OpenTargetsiENSG00000159640
    Orphaneti34145 NON RARE IN EUROPE: Berger disease
    97369 Renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin
    PharmGKBiPA139
    GenAtlasiSearch...

    Phylogenomic databases

    eggNOGiKOG3690 Eukaryota
    ENOG410XPJ3 LUCA
    GeneTreeiENSGT00520000055576
    HOGENOMiHOG000007838
    HOVERGENiHBG000264
    InParanoidiP12821
    KOiK01283
    OMAiVTMEQLF
    OrthoDBiEOG091G033S
    PhylomeDBiP12821
    TreeFamiTF312861

    Enzyme and pathway databases

    BioCyciMetaCyc:HS08412-MONOMER
    BRENDAi3.4.15.1 2681
    ReactomeiR-HSA-2022377 Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins
    SABIO-RKiP12821
    SignaLinkiP12821
    SIGNORiP12821

    Miscellaneous databases

    ChiTaRSiACE human
    EvolutionaryTraceiP12821
    GeneWikiiAngiotensin-converting_enzyme
    GenomeRNAii1636
    PMAP-CutDBiP12821
    PROiPR:P12821
    SOURCEiSearch...

    Gene expression databases

    BgeeiENSG00000159640 Expressed in 115 organ(s), highest expression level in testis
    CleanExiHS_ACE
    ExpressionAtlasiP12821 baseline and differential
    GenevisibleiP12821 HS

    Family and domain databases

    CDDicd06461 M2_ACE, 2 hits
    InterProiView protein in InterPro
    IPR001548 Peptidase_M2
    PANTHERiPTHR10514 PTHR10514, 2 hits
    PfamiView protein in Pfam
    PF01401 Peptidase_M2, 2 hits
    PRINTSiPR00791 PEPDIPTASEA
    PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
    PS00142 ZINC_PROTEASE, 2 hits
    ProtoNetiSearch...

    Entry informationi

    Entry nameiACE_HUMAN
    AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P12821
    Secondary accession number(s): B0LPF0
    , B4DXI3, E7EU16, P22966, Q53YX9, Q59GY8, Q7M4L4
    Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: October 1, 1989
    Last sequence update: October 1, 1989
    Last modified: November 7, 2018
    This is version 230 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
    Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
    DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

    Miscellaneousi

    Keywords - Technical termi

    3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

    Documents

    1. SIMILARITY comments
      Index of protein domains and families
    2. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
      List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
    3. Peptidase families
      Classification of peptidase families and list of entries
    4. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
      Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
    5. MIM cross-references
      Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    6. Human chromosome 17
      Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
    7. PDB cross-references
      Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
    8. Glycosyl hydrolases
      Classification of glycosyl hydrolase families and list of entries
    9. Human cell differentiation molecules
      CD nomenclature of surface proteins of human leucocytes and list of entries
    UniProt is an ELIXIR core data resource
    Main funding by: National Institutes of Health

    We'd like to inform you that we have updated our Privacy Notice to comply with Europe’s new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that applies since 25 May 2018.

    Do not show this banner again