Bone morphogenetic protein 2

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• BMP receptor binding Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A mammalian serine/threonine kinase receptor specifically binds BMP-2 and BMP-4."
    Yamaji N., Celeste A.J., Thies R.S., Song J.J., Bernier S.M., Goltzman D., Lyons K.M., Nove J., Rosen V., Wozney J.M.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1944-1951(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• co-receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression."
    Babitt J.L., Huang F.W., Wrighting D.M., Xia Y., Sidis Y., Samad T.A., Campagna J.A., Chung R.T., Schneyer A.L., Woolf C.J., Andrews N.C., Lin H.Y.
    Nat. Genet. 38:531-539(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Neogenin interacts with hemojuvelin through its two membrane-proximal fibronectin type III domains."
    Yang F., West A.P. Jr., Allendorph G.P., Choe S., Bjorkman P.J.
    Biochemistry 47:4237-4245(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytokine activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• phosphatase activator activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effect of rhBMP-2 on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells from an osteogenesis imperfecta mouse (oim)."
    Balk M.L., Bray J., Day C., Epperly M., Greenberger J., Evans C.H., Niyibizi C.
    Bone 21:7-15(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A mammalian serine/threonine kinase receptor specifically binds BMP-2 and BMP-4."
    Yamaji N., Celeste A.J., Thies R.S., Song J.J., Bernier S.M., Goltzman D., Lyons K.M., Nove J., Rosen V., Wozney J.M.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1944-1951(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retinol dehydrogenase activity Source: UniProtKB
• signaling receptor binding Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation."
    Wang E.A., Rosen V., D'Alessandro J.S., Bauduy M., Cordes P., Harada T., Israel D.I., Hewick R.M., Kerns K.M., LaPan P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2220-2224(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• SMAD binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor."
    Kirkbride K.C., Townsend T.A., Bruinsma M.W., Barnett J.V., Blobe G.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:7628-7637(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of MAPK activity Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-2-enhanced chondrogenesis involves p38 MAPK-mediated down-regulation of Wnt-7a pathway."
    Jin E.J., Lee S.Y., Choi Y.A., Jung J.C., Bang O.S., Kang S.S.
    Mol. Cells 22:353-359(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• animal organ morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• atrioventricular valve morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• BMP signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands based on genomic analyses."
    Mazerbourg S., Sangkuhl K., Luo C.-W., Sudo S., Klein C., Hsueh A.J.W.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:32122-32132(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "BMP-2/4 and BMP-6/7 differentially utilize cell surface receptors to induce osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells."
    Lavery K., Swain P., Falb D., Alaoui-Ismaili M.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:20948-20958(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The canonical BMP signaling pathway plays a crucial part in stimulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression by BMP-2."
    Cho Y.D., Yoon W.J., Woo K.M., Baek J.H., Park J.C., Ryoo H.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:36369-36376(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay of Oct4 with Sox2 and Sox17: a molecular switch from stem cell pluripotency to specifying a cardiac fate."
    Stefanovic S., Abboud N., Desilets S., Nury D., Cowan C., Puceat M.
    J. Cell Biol. 186:665-673(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• bone mineralization Source: UniProtKB
• bone mineralization involved in bone maturation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Insulin-like growth factor-I induces early osteoblast gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells."
    Koch H., Jadlowiec J.A., Campbell P.G.
    Stem Cells Dev. 14:621-631(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor."
    Kirkbride K.C., Townsend T.A., Bruinsma M.W., Barnett J.V., Blobe G.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:7628-7637(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cardiac muscle cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Differential Notch signaling in the epicardium is required for cardiac inflow development and coronary vessel morphogenesis."
    del Monte G., Casanova J.C., Guadix J.A., MacGrogan D., Burch J.B., Perez-Pomares J.M., de la Pompa J.L.
    Circ. Res. 108:824-836(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• cardiocyte differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein-2 can mediate myocardial regulation of atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cell formation in mice."
    Sugi Y., Yamamura H., Okagawa H., Markwald R.R.
    Dev. Biol. 269:505-518(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation."
    Wang E.A., Rosen V., D'Alessandro J.S., Bauduy M., Cordes P., Harada T., Israel D.I., Hewick R.M., Kerns K.M., LaPan P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2220-2224(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell fate commitment Source: UniProtKB
• cellular response to BMP stimulus Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The canonical BMP signaling pathway plays a crucial part in stimulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression by BMP-2."
    Cho Y.D., Yoon W.J., Woo K.M., Baek J.H., Park J.C., Ryoo H.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:36369-36376(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: Ensembl
• chondrocyte differentiation Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-2-modulated chondrogenic differentiation in vitro involves down-regulation of membrane-bound beta-catenin."
    Zhang W.V., Stott N.S.
    Cell Commun. Adhes. 11:89-102(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification Source: UniProtKB
• endocardial cushion morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor."
    Kirkbride K.C., Townsend T.A., Bruinsma M.W., Barnett J.V., Blobe G.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:7628-7637(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heart development Source: UniProtKB
• inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
• inner ear development Source: UniProtKB
• in utero embryonic development Source: UniProtKB
• mesenchymal cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of BMP7 expression during kidney development."
    Godin R.E., Takaesu N.T., Robertson E.J., Dudley A.T.
    Development 125:3473-3482(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development Source: UniProtKB
• mesenchyme development Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Integration of a Notch-dependent mesenchymal gene program and Bmp2-driven cell invasiveness regulates murine cardiac valve formation."
    Luna-Zurita L., Prados B., Grego-Bessa J., Luxan G., del Monte G., Benguria A., Adams R.H., Perez-Pomares J.M., de la Pompa J.L.
    J. Clin. Invest. 120:3493-3507(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 5 are down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma and modulate adrenal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis."
    Johnsen I.K., Kappler R., Auernhammer C.J., Beuschlein F.
    Cancer Res. 69:5784-5792(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion Source: AgBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-2-modulated chondrogenic differentiation in vitro involves down-regulation of membrane-bound beta-catenin."
    Zhang W.V., Stott N.S.
    Cell Commun. Adhes. 11:89-102(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway Source: AgBase <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "BMP-2-enhanced chondrogenesis involves p38 MAPK-mediated down-regulation of Wnt-7a pathway."
    Jin E.J., Lee S.Y., Choi Y.A., Jung J.C., Bang O.S., Kang S.S.
    Mol. Cells 22:353-359(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Gremlin enhances the determined path to cardiomyogenesis."
    Kami D., Shiojima I., Makino H., Matsumoto K., Takahashi Y., Ishii R., Naito A.T., Toyoda M., Saito H., Watanabe M., Komuro I., Umezawa A.
    PLoS ONE 3:e2407-e2407(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell cycle Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Altered growth responses of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with primary pulmonary hypertension to transforming growth factor-beta(1) and bone morphogenetic proteins."
    Morrell N.W., Yang X., Upton P.D., Jourdan K.B., Morgan N., Sheares K.K., Trembath R.C.
    Circulation 104:790-795(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 5 are down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma and modulate adrenal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis."
    Johnsen I.K., Kappler R., Auernhammer C.J., Beuschlein F.
    Cancer Res. 69:5784-5792(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 5 are down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma and modulate adrenal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis."
    Johnsen I.K., Kappler R., Auernhammer C.J., Beuschlein F.
    Cancer Res. 69:5784-5792(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126-5p in control of endothelial cell function in angiogenesis."
    Esser J.S., Saretzki E., Pankratz F., Engert B., Grundmann S., Bode C., Moser M., Zhou Q.
    Thromb. Haemost. 117:734-749(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 5 are down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma and modulate adrenal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis."
    Johnsen I.K., Kappler R., Auernhammer C.J., Beuschlein F.
    Cancer Res. 69:5784-5792(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 5 are down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma and modulate adrenal cell proliferation and steroidogenesis."
    Johnsen I.K., Kappler R., Auernhammer C.J., Beuschlein F.
    Cancer Res. 69:5784-5792(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation requires Smad-mediated down-regulation of Cdk6."
    Ogasawara T., Kawaguchi H., Jinno S., Hoshi K., Itaka K., Takato T., Nakamura K., Okayama H.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:6560-6568(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay of Oct4 with Sox2 and Sox17: a molecular switch from stem cell pluripotency to specifying a cardiac fate."
    Stefanovic S., Abboud N., Desilets S., Nury D., Cowan C., Puceat M.
    J. Cell Biol. 186:665-673(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Gremlin enhances the determined path to cardiomyogenesis."
    Kami D., Shiojima I., Makino H., Matsumoto K., Takahashi Y., Ishii R., Naito A.T., Toyoda M., Saito H., Watanabe M., Komuro I., Umezawa A.
    PLoS ONE 3:e2407-e2407(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Notch signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
• odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Source: UniProtKB
• osteoblast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Menin is required for bone morphogenetic protein 2- and transforming growth factor beta-regulated osteoblastic differentiation through interaction with Smads and Runx2."
    Sowa H., Kaji H., Hendy G.N., Canaff L., Komori T., Sugimoto T., Chihara K.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:40267-40275(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The role of histone chaperones in osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts."
    Song T.Y., Yang J.H., Park J.Y., Song Y., Han J.W., Youn H.D., Cho E.J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 423:726-732(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands based on genomic analyses."
    Mazerbourg S., Sangkuhl K., Luo C.-W., Sudo S., Klein C., Hsueh A.J.W.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:32122-32132(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor."
    Kirkbride K.C., Townsend T.A., Bruinsma M.W., Barnett J.V., Blobe G.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:7628-7637(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• pericardium development Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as regulators of dorsal forebrain development."
    Furuta Y., Piston D.W., Hogan B.L.
    Development 124:2203-2212(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of bone mineralization Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-2/4 and BMP-6/7 differentially utilize cell surface receptors to induce osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells."
    Lavery K., Swain P., Falb D., Alaoui-Ismaili M.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:20948-20958(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "MicroRNA-208 modulates BMP-2-stimulated mouse preosteoblast differentiation by directly targeting V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1."
    Itoh T., Takeda S., Akao Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:27745-27752(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cartilage development Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.1

    "Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities."
    Wozney J.M., Rosen V., Celeste A.J., Mitsock L.M., Whitters M.J., Kriz R.W., Hewick R.M., Wang E.A.
    Science 242:1528-1534(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in human pulmonary vascular development."
    Southwood M., Jeffery T.K., Yang X., Upton P.D., Hall S.M., Atkinson C., Haworth S.G., Stewart S., Reynolds P.N., Long L., Trembath R.C., Morrell N.W.
    J. Pathol. 214:85-95(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Integration of a Notch-dependent mesenchymal gene program and Bmp2-driven cell invasiveness regulates murine cardiac valve formation."
    Luna-Zurita L., Prados B., Grego-Bessa J., Luxan G., del Monte G., Benguria A., Adams R.H., Perez-Pomares J.M., de la Pompa J.L.
    J. Clin. Invest. 120:3493-3507(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: DFLATInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP2 and mechanical loading cooperatively regulate immediate early signalling events in the BMP pathway."
    Kopf J., Petersen A., Duda G.N., Knaus P.
    BMC Biol. 10:37-37(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fat cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bmp signaling promotes intermediate mesoderm gene expression in a dose-dependent, cell-autonomous and translation-dependent manner."
    James R.G., Schultheiss T.M.
    Dev. Biol. 288:113-125(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of MAPK cascade Source: DFLATInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP2 and mechanical loading cooperatively regulate immediate early signalling events in the BMP pathway."
    Kopf J., Petersen A., Duda G.N., Knaus P.
    BMC Biol. 10:37-37(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuron differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of odontogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of ossification Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effect of rhBMP-2 on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells from an osteogenesis imperfecta mouse (oim)."
    Balk M.L., Bray J., Day C., Epperly M., Greenberger J., Evans C.H., Niyibizi C.
    Bone 21:7-15(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation requires Smad-mediated down-regulation of Cdk6."
    Ogasawara T., Kawaguchi H., Jinno S., Hoshi K., Itaka K., Takato T., Nakamura K., Okayama H.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:6560-6568(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Insulin-like growth factor-I induces early osteoblast gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells."
    Koch H., Jadlowiec J.A., Campbell P.G.
    Stem Cells Dev. 14:621-631(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "BMP-2/4 and BMP-6/7 differentially utilize cell surface receptors to induce osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells."
    Lavery K., Swain P., Falb D., Alaoui-Ismaili M.H.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:20948-20958(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "MicroRNA-208 modulates BMP-2-stimulated mouse preosteoblast differentiation by directly targeting V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1."
    Itoh T., Takeda S., Akao Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:27745-27752(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade Source: DFLATInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP2 and mechanical loading cooperatively regulate immediate early signalling events in the BMP pathway."
    Kopf J., Petersen A., Duda G.N., Knaus P.
    BMC Biol. 10:37-37(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antagonistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 and -7 on renal mesangial cell proliferation induced by aldosterone through MAPK activation."
    Otani H., Otsuka F., Inagaki K., Takeda M., Miyoshi T., Suzuki J., Mukai T., Ogura T., Makino H.
    Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 292:F1513-25(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phosphatase activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effect of rhBMP-2 on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells from an osteogenesis imperfecta mouse (oim)."
    Balk M.L., Bray J., Day C., Epperly M., Greenberger J., Evans C.H., Niyibizi C.
    Bone 21:7-15(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of protein binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression."
    Babitt J.L., Huang F.W., Wrighting D.M., Xia Y., Sidis Y., Samad T.A., Campagna J.A., Chung R.T., Schneyer A.L., Woolf C.J., Andrews N.C., Lin H.Y.
    Nat. Genet. 38:531-539(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "MADR1, a MAD-related protein that functions in BMP2 signaling pathways."
    Hoodless P.A., Haerry T., Abdollah S., Stapleton M., O'Connor M.B., Attisano L., Wrana J.L.
    Cell 85:489-500(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bmp signaling promotes intermediate mesoderm gene expression in a dose-dependent, cell-autonomous and translation-dependent manner."
    James R.G., Schultheiss T.M.
    Dev. Biol. 288:113-125(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Insulin-like growth factor-I induces early osteoblast gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells."
    Koch H., Jadlowiec J.A., Campbell P.G.
    Stem Cells Dev. 14:621-631(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression."
    Babitt J.L., Huang F.W., Wrighting D.M., Xia Y., Sidis Y., Samad T.A., Campagna J.A., Chung R.T., Schneyer A.L., Woolf C.J., Andrews N.C., Lin H.Y.
    Nat. Genet. 38:531-539(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Interplay of Oct4 with Sox2 and Sox17: a molecular switch from stem cell pluripotency to specifying a cardiac fate."
    Stefanovic S., Abboud N., Desilets S., Nury D., Cowan C., Puceat M.
    J. Cell Biol. 186:665-673(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Integration of a Notch-dependent mesenchymal gene program and Bmp2-driven cell invasiveness regulates murine cardiac valve formation."
    Luna-Zurita L., Prados B., Grego-Bessa J., Luxan G., del Monte G., Benguria A., Adams R.H., Perez-Pomares J.M., de la Pompa J.L.
    J. Clin. Invest. 120:3493-3507(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The canonical BMP signaling pathway plays a crucial part in stimulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression by BMP-2."
    Cho Y.D., Yoon W.J., Woo K.M., Baek J.H., Park J.C., Ryoo H.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:36369-36376(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
• protein destabilization Source: Ensembl
• protein phosphorylation Source: DFLATInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP2 and mechanical loading cooperatively regulate immediate early signalling events in the BMP pathway."
    Kopf J., Petersen A., Duda G.N., Knaus P.
    BMC Biol. 10:37-37(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proteoglycan metabolic process Source: Ensembl
• regulation of apoptotic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of MAPK cascade Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth Source: Ensembl
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "DRAGON, a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor."
    Samad T.A., Rebbapragada A., Bell E., Zhang Y., Sidis Y., Jeong S.-J., Campagna J.A., Perusini S., Fabrizio D.A., Schneyer A.L., Lin H.Y., Brivanlou A.H., Attisano L., Woolf C.J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 280:14122-14129(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to bacterium Source: Ensembl
• response to hypoxia Source: UniProtKB
• skeletal system development Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation."
    Wang E.A., Rosen V., D'Alessandro J.S., Bauduy M., Cordes P., Harada T., Israel D.I., Hewick R.M., Kerns K.M., LaPan P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2220-2224(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• SMAD protein signal transduction Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antagonistic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 and -7 on renal mesangial cell proliferation induced by aldosterone through MAPK activation."
    Otani H., Otsuka F., Inagaki K., Takeda M., Miyoshi T., Suzuki J., Mukai T., Ogura T., Makino H.
    Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 292:F1513-25(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• telencephalon development Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as regulators of dorsal forebrain development."
    Furuta Y., Piston D.W., Hogan B.L.
    Development 124:2203-2212(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• telencephalon regionalization Source: UniProtKB
• thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section describes the use of a protein as a pharmaceutical drug. It indicates the name of the drug, the name of the firm that commercializes it and explains in a few words in which context the drug is used. In some cases, drugs that are under development are also described.<p><a href='/help/pharmaceutical_use' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pharmaceutical useⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• BMP receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A mammalian serine/threonine kinase receptor specifically binds BMP-2 and BMP-4."
    Yamaji N., Celeste A.J., Thies R.S., Song J.J., Bernier S.M., Goltzman D., Lyons K.M., Nove J., Rosen V., Wozney J.M.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1944-1951(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• co-receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression."
    Babitt J.L., Huang F.W., Wrighting D.M., Xia Y., Sidis Y., Samad T.A., Campagna J.A., Chung R.T., Schneyer A.L., Woolf C.J., Andrews N.C., Lin H.Y.
    Nat. Genet. 38:531-539(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Neogenin interacts with hemojuvelin through its two membrane-proximal fibronectin type III domains."
    Yang F., West A.P. Jr., Allendorph G.P., Choe S., Bjorkman P.J.
    Biochemistry 47:4237-4245(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytokine activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A mammalian serine/threonine kinase receptor specifically binds BMP-2 and BMP-4."
    Yamaji N., Celeste A.J., Thies R.S., Song J.J., Bernier S.M., Goltzman D., Lyons K.M., Nove J., Rosen V., Wozney J.M.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:1944-1951(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation."
    Wang E.A., Rosen V., D'Alessandro J.S., Bauduy M., Cordes P., Harada T., Israel D.I., Hewick R.M., Kerns K.M., LaPan P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:2220-2224(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• SMAD binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor."
    Kirkbride K.C., Townsend T.A., Bruinsma M.W., Barnett J.V., Blobe G.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:7628-7637(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MVAGTRCLLA LLLPQVLLGG AAGLVPELGR RKFAAASSGR PSSQPSDEVL 
        60         70         80         90        100
SEFELRLLSM FGLKQRPTPS RDAVVPPYML DLYRRHSGQP GSPAPDHRLE 
       110        120        130        140        150
RAASRANTVR SFHHEESLEE LPETSGKTTR RFFFNLSSIP TEEFITSAEL 
       160        170        180        190        200
QVFREQMQDA LGNNSSFHHR INIYEIIKPA TANSKFPVTR LLDTRLVNQN 
       210        220        230        240        250
ASRWESFDVT PAVMRWTAQG HANHGFVVEV AHLEEKQGVS KRHVRISRSL 
       260        270        280        290        300
HQDEHSWSQI RPLLVTFGHD GKGHPLHKRE KRQAKHKQRK RLKSSCKRHP 
       310        320        330        340        350
LYVDFSDVGW NDWIVAPPGY HAFYCHGECP FPLADHLNST NHAIVQTLVN 
       360        370        380        390 
SVNSKIPKAC CVPTELSAIS MLYLDENEKV VLKNYQDMVV EGCGCR     

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
4. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
5. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
6. Human chromosome 20
   Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM