UniProtKB - P11498 (PYC_HUMAN)

BLAST

>sp|P11498|PYC_HUMAN Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=PC PE=1 SV=2
MLKFRTVHGGLRLLGIRRTSTAPAASPNVRRLEYKPIKKVMVANRGEIAIRVFRACTELG
IRTVAIYSEQDTGQMHRQKADEAYLIGRGLAPVQAYLHIPDIIKVAKENNVDAVHPGYGF
LSERADFAQACQDAGVRFIGPSPEVVRKMGDKVEARAIAIAAGVPVVPGTDAPITSLHEA
HEFSNTYGFPIIFKAAYGGGGRGMRVVHSYEELEENYTRAYSEALAAFGNGALFVEKFIE
KPRHIEVQILGDQYGNILHLYERDCSIQRRHQKVVEIAPAAHLDPQLRTRLTSDSVKLAK
QVGYENAGTVEFLVDRHGKHYFIEVNSRLQVEHTVTEEITDVDLVHAQIHVAEGRSLPDL
GLRQENIRINGCAIQCRVTTEDPARSFQPDTGRIEVFRSGEGMGIRLDNASAFQGAVISP
HYDSLLVKVIAHGKDHPTAATKMSRALAEFRVRGVKTNIAFLQNVLNNQQFLAGTVDTQF
IDENPELFQLRPAQNRAQKLLHYLGHVMVNGPTTPIPVKASPSPTDPVVPAVPIGPPPAG
FRDILLREGPEGFARAVRNHPGLLLMDTTFRDAHQSLLATRVRTHDLKKIAPYVAHNFSK
LFSMENWGGATFDVAMRFLYECPWRRLQELRELIPNIPFQMLLRGANAVGYTNYPDNVVF
KFCEVAKENGMDVFRVFDSLNYLPNMLLGMEAAGSAGGVVEAAISYTGDVADPSRTKYSL
QYYMGLAEELVRAGTHILCIKDMAGLLKPTACTMLVSSLRDRFPDLPLHIHTHDTSGAGV
AAMLACAQAGADVVDVAADSMSGMTSQPSMGALVACTRGTPLDTEVPMERVFDYSEYWEG
ARGLYAAFDCTATMKSGNSDVYENEIPGGQYTNLHFQAHSMGLGSKFKEVKKAYVEANQM
LGDLIKVTPSSKIVGDLAQFMVQNGLSRAEAEAQAEELSFPRSVVEFLQGYIGVPHGGFP
EPFRSKVLKDLPRVEGRPGASLPPLDLQALEKELVDRHGEEVTPEDVLSAAMYPDVFAHF
KDFTATFGPLDSLNTRLFLQGPKIAEEFEVELERGKTLHIKALAVSDLNRAGQRQVFFEL
NGQLRSILVKDTQAMKEMHFHPKALKDVKGQIGAPMPGKVIDIKVVAGAKVAKGQPLCVL
SAMKMETVVTSPMEGTVRKVHVTKDMTLEGDDLILEIE

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History
Entry version 211 (16 Jan 2019)
Sequence version 2 (01 Oct 1996)
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Protein

Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial

Gene

PC

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Status

Reviewed-Annotation score: -Experimental evidence at protein levelⁱ

Functionⁱ

Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second. Catalyzes in a tissue specific manner, the initial reactions of glucose (liver, kidney) and lipid (adipose tissue, liver, brain) synthesis from pyruvate.

Catalytic activityⁱ

ATP
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+
hydrogencarbonate
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+
pyruvate
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=
ADP
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See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.
+
H⁺
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+
oxaloacetate
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+
phosphate
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See the description of this molecule in ChEBI.
EC:6.4.1.1
Source:
Rhea
Search for this reaction in UniProtKB.
See the description of this reaction in Rhea.
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ATP
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+
hydrogencarbonate
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+
pyruvate
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=
ADP
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+
H⁺
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oxaloacetate
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phosphate
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Cofactorⁱ

Protein has several cofactor binding sites:

Pathwayⁱ: gluconeogenesis

This protein is involved in the pathway gluconeogenesis, which is part of Carbohydrate biosynthesis.
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway gluconeogenesis and in Carbohydrate biosynthesis.

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Binding siteⁱ	152	ATPBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	236	ATPBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	271	ATPBy similarity	1
Active siteⁱ	328	By similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	572	Manganese1 Publication	1
Binding siteⁱ	644	Substrate	1
Metal bindingⁱ	741	Manganese; via carbamate group1 Publication	1
Metal bindingⁱ	771	Manganese; via tele nitrogen1 Publication	1
Metal bindingⁱ	773	Manganese; via tele nitrogen1 Publication	1
Binding siteⁱ	908	Substrate	1

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

ATP binding
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 8048912
biotin binding
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 8048912
identical protein binding
Source: IntAct
Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
- 18297087
metal ion binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
pyruvate carboxylase activity
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

biotin metabolic process Source: Reactome
gluconeogenesis
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
lipid metabolic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
negative regulation of gene expression
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 23861867
positive regulation by host of viral process
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 23861867
positive regulation by host of viral release from host cell
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 23861867
pyruvate metabolic process
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
viral RNA genome packaging
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 23861867

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Ligase, Multifunctional enzyme
Biological process	Gluconeogenesis, Lipid biosynthesis, Lipid metabolism
Ligand	ATP-binding, Biotin, Manganese, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding, Pyruvate

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycⁱ	MetaCyc:HS10697-MONOMER
BRENDAⁱ	6.4.1.1 2681
Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-196780 Biotin transport and metabolism R-HSA-3371599 Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency R-HSA-70263 Gluconeogenesis
SABIO-RKⁱ	P11498
SIGNORⁱ	P11498
UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00138

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial (EC:6.4.1.1) Alternative name(s): Pyruvic carboxylase Short name: PCB
Gene namesⁱ	Name:PC
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 11

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000173599.13
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:8636 PC
MIMⁱ	608786 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P11498

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Mitochondrion

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PC deficiency)

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionLeads to lactic acidosis, mental retardation and death. It occurs in three forms: mild or type A, severe neonatal or type B, and a very mild lacticacidemia.

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_015199	145	V → A in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940591EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058957	156	R → Q in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs119103241EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058958	270	R → W in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1258494752Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058959	304	Y → C in PC deficiency. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_015200	451	R → C in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs113994143EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058960	583	R → L in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs119103242EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_008095	610	A → T in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940589EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058961	631	R → Q in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs113994145EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_008096	743	M → I in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940590EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058962	1131 – 1133	Missing in PC deficiency. 1 Publication	3

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	1077	F → A or E: Loss of tetramerization and enzyme activity, resulting in an inactive homodimer. 1 Publication		1

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Disease mutation

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	5091
GeneReviewsⁱ	PC
MalaCards human disease database More...MalaCardsⁱ	PC
MIMⁱ	266150 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000173599
Orphanetⁱ	353320 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, benign type 353308 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, infantile type 353314 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, severe neonatal type
PharmGKBⁱ	PA32975

Chemistry databases

Drug and drug target database More...DrugBankⁱ	DB00121 Biotin DB00119 Pyruvic acid

DrugBankⁱ

DB00121 Biotin
DB00119 Pyruvic acid

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	PC
DMDMⁱ	1709947

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Transit peptideⁱ	1 – 20	MitochondrionSequence analysisAdd BLAST		20
ChainⁱPRO_0000002840	21 – 1178	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrialAdd BLAST		1158

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	35	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	39	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	79	N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	79	N6-succinyllysine; alternateBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	148	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	152	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	241	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	297	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	319	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	434	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	442	N6-succinyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	589	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	661	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	717	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	741	N6-carboxylysine1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	748	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	892	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	969	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	992	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	1003	PhosphothreonineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	1061	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	1090	N6-acetyllysineCombined sources	1
Modified residueⁱ	1124	N6-acetyllysineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	1144	N6-biotinyllysinePROSITE-ProRule annotation2 Publications	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Acetylation of Lys-748 might play a role in catalytic activity regulation.By similarity

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Acetylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P11498
jPOSTⁱ	P11498
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P11498
PaxDbⁱ	P11498
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P11498
PRIDEⁱ	P11498
ProteomicsDBⁱ	52785

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P11498
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P11498
SwissPalmⁱ	P11498

Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000173599 Expressed in 160 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_PC
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P11498 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	P11498 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	CAB033742 HPA043922 HPA058765

HPAⁱ

CAB033742
HPA043922
HPA058765

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homotetramer (PubMed:18297087). Interacts (via the biotin carboxylation domain) with SIRT4 (PubMed:23438705).2 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
itself		3	EBI-2211322,EBI-2211322
	Q03463	7	EBI-2211322,EBI-8803426	From Hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (isolate HC-J1).

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

identical protein binding
Source: IntAct
Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
- 18297087

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	111124, 74 interactors
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-46372N
IntActⁱ	P11498, 16 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	P11498
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000377527

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Helixⁱ	495 – 510	Combined sources	16
Helixⁱ	541 – 559	Combined sources	19
Beta strandⁱ	564 – 567	Combined sources	4
Turnⁱ	569 – 571	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	572 – 577	Combined sources	6
Helixⁱ	584 – 597	Combined sources	14
Beta strandⁱ	602 – 608	Combined sources	7
Helixⁱ	611 – 617	Combined sources	7
Helixⁱ	623 – 633	Combined sources	11
Beta strandⁱ	635 – 637	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	639 – 643	Combined sources	5
Helixⁱ	645 – 647	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	650 – 652	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	656 – 669	Combined sources	14
Beta strandⁱ	673 – 677	Combined sources	5
Helixⁱ	683 – 694	Combined sources	12
Turnⁱ	695 – 697	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	698 – 705	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	720 – 733	Combined sources	14
Beta strandⁱ	736 – 741	Combined sources	6
Helixⁱ	749 – 762	Combined sources	14
Beta strandⁱ	768 – 771	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	779 – 788	Combined sources	10
Beta strandⁱ	792 – 797	Combined sources	6
Helixⁱ	799 – 801	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	810 – 817	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	828 – 844	Combined sources	17
Helixⁱ	845 – 848	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	850 – 852	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	861 – 864	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	868 – 875	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	876 – 878	Combined sources	3
Turnⁱ	879 – 881	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	886 – 900	Combined sources	15
Helixⁱ	910 – 923	Combined sources	14
Helixⁱ	928 – 934	Combined sources	7
Turnⁱ	935 – 937	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	942 – 947	Combined sources	6
Turnⁱ	948 – 950	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	961 – 968	Combined sources	8
Beta strandⁱ	969 – 971	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	978 – 981	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	989 – 997	Combined sources	9
Helixⁱ	1004 – 1012	Combined sources	9
Helixⁱ	1014 – 1026	Combined sources	13
Helixⁱ	1035 – 1040	Combined sources	6
Beta strandⁱ	1047 – 1051	Combined sources	5
Turnⁱ	1053 – 1055	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	1057 – 1068	Combined sources	12
Beta strandⁱ	1072 – 1090	Combined sources	19
Helixⁱ	1092 – 1094	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	1108 – 1110	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	1118 – 1123	Combined sources	6
Beta strandⁱ	1138 – 1144	Combined sources	7
Beta strandⁱ	1146 – 1149	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	1164 – 1168	Combined sources	5
Beta strandⁱ	1173 – 1175	Combined sources	3

Show more details

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	3BG3	X-ray	2.80	A/B/C/D	482-1178	[»]
	3BG9	X-ray	3.00	A/B/C/D	482-1178	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P11498
SMRⁱ	P11498
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P11498

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P11498

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Domainⁱ	36 – 486	Biotin carboxylationAdd BLAST	451
Domainⁱ	156 – 353	ATP-graspPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	198
Domainⁱ	563 – 832	Pyruvate carboxyltransferasePROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	270
Domainⁱ	1109 – 1178	Biotinyl-bindingPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST	70

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Regionⁱ	571 – 575	Substrate binding		5

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Transit peptide

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IU5D Eukaryota COG1038 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00900000141164
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000282801
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG008340
InParanoidⁱ	P11498
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K01958
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	254436at2759
PhylomeDBⁱ	P11498
TreeFamⁱ	TF300535

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.20.20.70, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR013785 Aldolase_TIM IPR011761 ATP-grasp IPR005481 BC-like_N IPR001882 Biotin_BS IPR011764 Biotin_carboxylation_dom IPR005482 Biotin_COase_C IPR000089 Biotin_lipoyl IPR003379 Carboxylase_cons_dom IPR005479 CbamoylP_synth_lsu-like_ATP-bd IPR016185 PreATP-grasp_dom_sf IPR000891 PYR_CT IPR005930 Pyruv_COase IPR011054 Rudment_hybrid_motif IPR011053 Single_hybrid_motif
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF02785 Biotin_carb_C, 1 hit PF00289 Biotin_carb_N, 1 hit PF00364 Biotin_lipoyl, 1 hit PF02786 CPSase_L_D2, 1 hit PF00682 HMGL-like, 1 hit PF02436 PYC_OADA, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF001594 Pyruv_carbox, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00878 Biotin_carb_C, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF51230 SSF51230, 1 hit SSF51246 SSF51246, 1 hit SSF52440 SSF52440, 1 hit
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR01235 pyruv_carbox, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS50975 ATP_GRASP, 1 hit PS50979 BC, 1 hit PS00188 BIOTIN, 1 hit PS50968 BIOTINYL_LIPOYL, 1 hit PS50991 PYR_CT, 1 hit

Sequences (2+)ⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry describes 2 isoformsⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align Add to basket

This entry has 2 described isoforms and 2 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show all Align All

Isoform 1 (identifier: P11498-1) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

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        10         20         30         40         50
MLKFRTVHGG LRLLGIRRTS TAPAASPNVR RLEYKPIKKV MVANRGEIAI 
        60         70         80         90        100
RVFRACTELG IRTVAIYSEQ DTGQMHRQKA DEAYLIGRGL APVQAYLHIP 
       110        120        130        140        150
DIIKVAKENN VDAVHPGYGF LSERADFAQA CQDAGVRFIG PSPEVVRKMG 
       160        170        180        190        200
DKVEARAIAI AAGVPVVPGT DAPITSLHEA HEFSNTYGFP IIFKAAYGGG 
       210        220        230        240        250
GRGMRVVHSY EELEENYTRA YSEALAAFGN GALFVEKFIE KPRHIEVQIL 
       260        270        280        290        300
GDQYGNILHL YERDCSIQRR HQKVVEIAPA AHLDPQLRTR LTSDSVKLAK 
       310        320        330        340        350
QVGYENAGTV EFLVDRHGKH YFIEVNSRLQ VEHTVTEEIT DVDLVHAQIH 
       360        370        380        390        400
VAEGRSLPDL GLRQENIRIN GCAIQCRVTT EDPARSFQPD TGRIEVFRSG 
       410        420        430        440        450
EGMGIRLDNA SAFQGAVISP HYDSLLVKVI AHGKDHPTAA TKMSRALAEF 
       460        470        480        490        500
RVRGVKTNIA FLQNVLNNQQ FLAGTVDTQF IDENPELFQL RPAQNRAQKL 
       510        520        530        540        550
LHYLGHVMVN GPTTPIPVKA SPSPTDPVVP AVPIGPPPAG FRDILLREGP 
       560        570        580        590        600
EGFARAVRNH PGLLLMDTTF RDAHQSLLAT RVRTHDLKKI APYVAHNFSK 
       610        620        630        640        650
LFSMENWGGA TFDVAMRFLY ECPWRRLQEL RELIPNIPFQ MLLRGANAVG 
       660        670        680        690        700
YTNYPDNVVF KFCEVAKENG MDVFRVFDSL NYLPNMLLGM EAAGSAGGVV 
       710        720        730        740        750
EAAISYTGDV ADPSRTKYSL QYYMGLAEEL VRAGTHILCI KDMAGLLKPT 
       760        770        780        790        800
ACTMLVSSLR DRFPDLPLHI HTHDTSGAGV AAMLACAQAG ADVVDVAADS 
       810        820        830        840        850
MSGMTSQPSM GALVACTRGT PLDTEVPMER VFDYSEYWEG ARGLYAAFDC 
       860        870        880        890        900
TATMKSGNSD VYENEIPGGQ YTNLHFQAHS MGLGSKFKEV KKAYVEANQM 
       910        920        930        940        950
LGDLIKVTPS SKIVGDLAQF MVQNGLSRAE AEAQAEELSF PRSVVEFLQG 
       960        970        980        990       1000
YIGVPHGGFP EPFRSKVLKD LPRVEGRPGA SLPPLDLQAL EKELVDRHGE 
      1010       1020       1030       1040       1050
EVTPEDVLSA AMYPDVFAHF KDFTATFGPL DSLNTRLFLQ GPKIAEEFEV 
      1060       1070       1080       1090       1100
ELERGKTLHI KALAVSDLNR AGQRQVFFEL NGQLRSILVK DTQAMKEMHF 
      1110       1120       1130       1140       1150
HPKALKDVKG QIGAPMPGKV IDIKVVAGAK VAKGQPLCVL SAMKMETVVT 
      1160       1170 
SPMEGTVRKV HVTKDMTLEG DDLILEIE

Length:1,178

Mass (Da):129,634

Last modified:October 1, 1996 - v2

Checksum:ⁱ381F527553A20095

Isoform 2 (identifier: P11498-2) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
457-529: TNIAFLQNVL...ASPSPTDPVV → VRRHQAQPLA...STEVSPTILL
530-1178: Missing.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MLKFRTVHGG LRLLGIRRTS TAPAASPNVR RLEYKPIKKV MVANRGEIAI 
        60         70         80         90        100
RVFRACTELG IRTVAIYSEQ DTGQMHRQKA DEAYLIGRGL APVQAYLHIP 
       110        120        130        140        150
DIIKVAKENN VDAVHPGYGF LSERADFAQA CQDAGVRFIG PSPEVVRKMG 
       160        170        180        190        200
DKVEARAIAI AAGVPVVPGT DAPITSLHEA HEFSNTYGFP IIFKAAYGGG 
       210        220        230        240        250
GRGMRVVHSY EELEENYTRA YSEALAAFGN GALFVEKFIE KPRHIEVQIL 
       260        270        280        290        300
GDQYGNILHL YERDCSIQRR HQKVVEIAPA AHLDPQLRTR LTSDSVKLAK 
       310        320        330        340        350
QVGYENAGTV EFLVDRHGKH YFIEVNSRLQ VEHTVTEEIT DVDLVHAQIH 
       360        370        380        390        400
VAEGRSLPDL GLRQENIRIN GCAIQCRVTT EDPARSFQPD TGRIEVFRSG 
       410        420        430        440        450
EGMGIRLDNA SAFQGAVISP HYDSLLVKVI AHGKDHPTAA TKMSRALAEF 
       460        470        480        490        500
RVRGVKVRRH QAQPLAAALG RPCGQEARRP QAAVTAPTGP GSPTLVRVPP 
       510        520 
AARVLSSRLG GPSQTTPETS TEVSPTILL

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Show »

Length:529

Mass (Da):57,925

Checksum:ⁱ35B87A653BF6F9C3

Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesⁱ

There are 2 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLAST Align Show all Add to basket

Entry	Entry name	Protein names	Gene names	Length	Annotation

E9PS68	E9PS68_HUMAN	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	PC	298	Annotation score:
E9PRE7	E9PRE7_HUMAN	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	PC	489	Annotation score:

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	225 – 226	LA → WP in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	2
Sequence conflictⁱ	352	A → S in AAA82937 (Ref. 3) Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	385 – 386	RS → PT in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	2
Sequence conflictⁱ	486 – 487	EL → DV in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	2
Sequence conflictⁱ	638	P → R in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	729	E → A in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	774 – 775	DT → AP in AAB31500 (PubMed:8048912).Curated	2

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_048416	76	H → L. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs7104156EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_015199	145	V → A in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940591EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058957	156	R → Q in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs119103241EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058958	270	R → W in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1258494752Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058959	304	Y → C in PC deficiency. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_015200	451	R → C in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs113994143EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058960	583	R → L in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs119103242EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_008095	610	A → T in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940589EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058961	631	R → Q in PC deficiency. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs113994145EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_008096	743	M → I in PC deficiency; mild. 2 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs28940590EnsemblClinVar.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_058962	1131 – 1133	Missing in PC deficiency. 1 Publication	3

Alternative sequence

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Alternative sequenceⁱVSP_056358	457 – 529	TNIAF…TDPVV → VRRHQAQPLAAALGRPCGQE ARRPQAAVTAPTGPGSPTLV RVPPAARVLSSRLGGPSQTT PETSTEVSPTILL in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST		73
Alternative sequenceⁱVSP_056359	530 – 1178	Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST		649

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U04641 mRNA Translation: AAA99537.1 S72370 mRNA Translation: AAB31500.1 U30891 mRNA Translation: AAA82937.1 AK297705 mRNA Translation: BAG60062.1 AP000485 Genomic DNA No translation available. AP003176 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC011617 mRNA Translation: AAH11617.1 M26122 mRNA Translation: AAA36423.1 K02282 mRNA Translation: AAA60033.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS8152.1 [P11498-1]
PIRⁱ	G01933 JC2460
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_000911.2, NM_000920.3 [P11498-1] NP_001035806.1, NM_001040716.1 [P11498-1] NP_071504.2, NM_022172.2 [P11498-1] XP_005274088.1, XM_005274031.4 [P11498-1] XP_005274089.1, XM_005274032.4 [P11498-1] XP_006718641.1, XM_006718578.3 [P11498-1] XP_011543388.1, XM_011545086.2 [P11498-1] XP_016873357.1, XM_017017868.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873358.1, XM_017017869.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873359.1, XM_017017870.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873360.1, XM_017017871.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873361.1, XM_017017872.1 [P11498-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.89890

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000393955; ENSP00000377527; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1] ENST00000393958; ENSP00000377530; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1] ENST00000393960; ENSP00000377532; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1]
GeneIDⁱ	5091
KEGGⁱ	hsa:5091
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc001ojn.2 human [P11498-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Alternative splicing, Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P11498	Pyruvate carboxylase		HUMAN		1178	UniRef100_P11498
Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		HUMAN		298
UPI0003EB056A		HUMAN		671
P11498-2	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		HUMAN		489	UniRef100_E9PRE7

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P11498	Pyruvate carboxylase		HUMAN		1178	UniRef90_P11498
Pyruvate carboxylase		RHIRO		1352
Pyruvate carboxylase (Fragment)		SHEEP		85
Pyruvate carboxylase (Fragment)		UROPR		60
pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		URSMA		1229
+173
P11498-2	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		HUMAN		489	UniRef90_E9PRE7
PC isoform 11		PONAB		504
PC isoform 1		PANTR		489
Pyruvate carboxylase		PANPA		489
Pyruvate carboxylase		GORGO		489
+13

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P11498	Pyruvate carboxylase		HUMAN		1178	UniRef50_P11498
Pyruvate carboxylase		RHIRO		1352
Pyruvate carboxylase (Fragment)		SHEEP		85
Pyruvate carboxylase (Fragment)		UROPR		60
pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		URSMA		1229
+185
P11498-2	Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial		HUMAN		489	UniRef50_E9PRE7
PC isoform 11		PONAB		504
PC isoform 1		PANTR		489
Pyruvate carboxylase		PANPA		489
Pyruvate carboxylase		GORGO		489
+31

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Wikipedia

Pyruvate carboxylase entry

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	U04641 mRNA Translation: AAA99537.1 S72370 mRNA Translation: AAB31500.1 U30891 mRNA Translation: AAA82937.1 AK297705 mRNA Translation: BAG60062.1 AP000485 Genomic DNA No translation available. AP003176 Genomic DNA No translation available. BC011617 mRNA Translation: AAH11617.1 M26122 mRNA Translation: AAA36423.1 K02282 mRNA Translation: AAA60033.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS8152.1 [P11498-1]
PIRⁱ	G01933 JC2460
RefSeqⁱ	NP_000911.2, NM_000920.3 [P11498-1] NP_001035806.1, NM_001040716.1 [P11498-1] NP_071504.2, NM_022172.2 [P11498-1] XP_005274088.1, XM_005274031.4 [P11498-1] XP_005274089.1, XM_005274032.4 [P11498-1] XP_006718641.1, XM_006718578.3 [P11498-1] XP_011543388.1, XM_011545086.2 [P11498-1] XP_016873357.1, XM_017017868.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873358.1, XM_017017869.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873359.1, XM_017017870.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873360.1, XM_017017871.1 [P11498-1] XP_016873361.1, XM_017017872.1 [P11498-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.89890

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: PDBeⁱ RCSB PDBⁱ PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	3BG3	X-ray	2.80	A/B/C/D	482-1178	[»]
	3BG9	X-ray	3.00	A/B/C/D	482-1178	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P11498
SMRⁱ	P11498
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	111124, 74 interactors
DIPⁱ	DIP-46372N
IntActⁱ	P11498, 16 interactors
MINTⁱ	P11498
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000377527

Chemistry databases

DrugBankⁱ	DB00121 Biotin DB00119 Pyruvic acid

DrugBankⁱ

DB00121 Biotin
DB00119 Pyruvic acid

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P11498
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P11498
SwissPalmⁱ	P11498

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	PC
DMDMⁱ	1709947

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P11498
jPOSTⁱ	P11498
MaxQBⁱ	P11498
PaxDbⁱ	P11498
PeptideAtlasⁱ	P11498
PRIDEⁱ	P11498
ProteomicsDBⁱ	52785

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000393955; ENSP00000377527; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1] ENST00000393958; ENSP00000377530; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1] ENST00000393960; ENSP00000377532; ENSG00000173599 [P11498-1]
GeneIDⁱ	5091
KEGGⁱ	hsa:5091
UCSCⁱ	uc001ojn.2 human [P11498-1]

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	5091
DisGeNETⁱ	5091
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000173599.13
GeneCardsⁱ	PC
GeneReviewsⁱ	PC
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:8636 PC
HPAⁱ	CAB033742 HPA043922 HPA058765
MalaCardsⁱ	PC
MIMⁱ	266150 phenotype 608786 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P11498
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000173599
Orphanetⁱ	353320 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, benign type 353308 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, infantile type 353314 Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, severe neonatal type
PharmGKBⁱ	PA32975
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IU5D Eukaryota COG1038 LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00900000141164
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000282801
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG008340
InParanoidⁱ	P11498
KOⁱ	K01958
OrthoDBⁱ	254436at2759
PhylomeDBⁱ	P11498
TreeFamⁱ	TF300535

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayⁱ	UPA00138
BioCycⁱ	MetaCyc:HS10697-MONOMER
BRENDAⁱ	6.4.1.1 2681
Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-196780 Biotin transport and metabolism R-HSA-3371599 Defective HLCS causes multiple carboxylase deficiency R-HSA-70263 Gluconeogenesis
SABIO-RKⁱ	P11498
SIGNORⁱ	P11498

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	PC human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P11498
GenomeRNAiⁱ	5091
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P11498
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000173599 Expressed in 160 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_PC
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P11498 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	P11498 HS

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.20.20.70, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR013785 Aldolase_TIM IPR011761 ATP-grasp IPR005481 BC-like_N IPR001882 Biotin_BS IPR011764 Biotin_carboxylation_dom IPR005482 Biotin_COase_C IPR000089 Biotin_lipoyl IPR003379 Carboxylase_cons_dom IPR005479 CbamoylP_synth_lsu-like_ATP-bd IPR016185 PreATP-grasp_dom_sf IPR000891 PYR_CT IPR005930 Pyruv_COase IPR011054 Rudment_hybrid_motif IPR011053 Single_hybrid_motif
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF02785 Biotin_carb_C, 1 hit PF00289 Biotin_carb_N, 1 hit PF00364 Biotin_lipoyl, 1 hit PF02786 CPSase_L_D2, 1 hit PF00682 HMGL-like, 1 hit PF02436 PYC_OADA, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF001594 Pyruv_carbox, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00878 Biotin_carb_C, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF51230 SSF51230, 1 hit SSF51246 SSF51246, 1 hit SSF52440 SSF52440, 1 hit
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR01235 pyruv_carbox, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS50975 ATP_GRASP, 1 hit PS50979 BC, 1 hit PS00188 BIOTIN, 1 hit PS50968 BIOTINYL_LIPOYL, 1 hit PS50991 PYR_CT, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	PYC_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P11498Primary (citable) accession number: P11498 Secondary accession number(s): B4DN00, Q16705
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1989
	Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
	Last modified:	January 16, 2019
	This is version 211 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Reference proteome

Documents

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PATHWAY comments
Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
Human chromosome 11
Human chromosome 11: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

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UniProtKB - P11498 (PYC_HUMAN)

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Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial

PC

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: gluconeogenesis

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Mitochondrion

Cytosol

Mitochondrion

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PC deficiency)

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseasei

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Region

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

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Functionⁱ

Catalytic activityⁱ

Pathwayⁱ: gluconeogenesis

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ