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UniProtKB - P11378 (STP2_MOUSE)
Protein
Nuclear transition protein 2
Gene
Tnp2
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Status
Functioni
Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals (PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521, PubMed:28366643).
In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction (PubMed:28366643).
The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP2 onto chromatin (PubMed:28366643).
4 PublicationsSites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metal bindingi | 12 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 14 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 16 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 24 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 32 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 34 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 38 | ZincBy similarity | 1 | |
Metal bindingi | 41 | ZincBy similarity | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- DNA binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
- zinc ion binding Source: MGI
GO - Biological processi
- acrosome reaction Source: MGI
- binding of sperm to zona pellucida Source: MGI
- flagellated sperm motility Source: MGI
- penetration of zona pellucida Source: MGI
- positive regulation of protein processing Source: UniProtKB
- spermatogenesis Source: MGI
- spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Developmental protein, DNA-binding |
Biological process | Differentiation, Spermatogenesis |
Ligand | Metal-binding, Zinc |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Nuclear transition protein 2Short name: TP-2 Short name: TP2 |
Gene namesi | Name:Tnp2Imported |
Organismi | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10090 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
MGIi | MGI:98785, Tnp2 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSMUSG00000043050 |
Subcellular locationi
Nucleus
- Nucleus 1 Publication
Other locations
- Chromosome 1 Publication
Note: Loaded onto the nucleosomes of condensing spermatids (PubMed:28366643). Inclusion of the H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer into chromatin opens the nucleosomes, releasing the nucleosomal DNA ends and allowing the invasion of nucleosomes by transition protein TNP2 (PubMed:28366643). Nuclear import is ATP-dependent and nucleolar localization requires the protein to be phosphorylated (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication
Nucleus
- male germ cell nucleus Source: MGI
- nucleus Source: MGI
Other locations
- nucleosome Source: UniProtKB
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Chromosome, Nucleosome core, NucleusPathology & Biotechi
Disruption phenotypei
Male mice lacking both Tnp1 and Tnp2 are completely infertile, but protamine alone are capable of histone eviction (PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521). A significant proportion of Prm2 remains unprocessed (PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521). Chromatin in mature spermatozoa shows defects in density (PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521).3 Publications
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000191428 | 1 – 117 | Nuclear transition protein 2Add BLAST | 117 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 112 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
PaxDbi | P11378 |
PRIDEi | P11378 |
ProteomicsDBi | 254593 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P11378 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P11378 |
Expressioni
Developmental stagei
Appears in elongating/condensing spermatids when histones are still detectable (PubMed:15163613). Coexpressed with H2ab1 during late spermiogenesis (PubMed:28366643).2 Publications
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000043050, Expressed in testis and 77 other tissues |
Interactioni
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000053078 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | P11378, protein |
Structurei
3D structure databases
AlphaFoldDBi | P11378 |
ModBasei | Search... |
SWISS-MODEL-Workspacei | Submit a new modelling project... |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 1 – 117 | DisorderedSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 117 |
Motif
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Motifi | 90 – 98 | Nuclear localization signalBy similarity | 9 |
Compositional bias
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Compositional biasi | 1 – 54 | Polar residuesSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 54 | |
Compositional biasi | 63 – 81 | Basic residuesSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 19 | |
Compositional biasi | 89 – 117 | Basic residuesSequence analysisAdd BLAST | 29 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 2 family.Curated
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG4566, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000008176 |
InParanoidi | P11378 |
OMAi | RPQSHTC |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000678, TP2 |
PANTHERi | PTHR17488, PTHR17488, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF01254, TP2, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00970, TP2_1, 1 hit PS00971, TP2_2, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
P11378-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MDTKMQSLPT THPHPHSSSR PQSHTSNQCN QCTCSHHCRS CSQAGHAGSS
60 70 80 90 100
SSPSPGPPMK HPKPSVHSRH SPARPSHRGS CPKNRKTFEG KVSKRKAVRR
110
RKRTHRAKRR SSGRRYK
Sequence cautioni
The sequence AAA40468 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.Curated
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 111 | S → T in AAA40469 (PubMed:2249785). | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 111 | S → T in AAA40467 (PubMed:3693351). | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 111 | S → T in AAA40468 (PubMed:3693351). | 1 | |
Sequence conflicti | 111 | S → T in CAA87413 (PubMed:8720108). | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | M60254 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA40469.1 J03494 mRNA Translation: AAA40467.1 J03494 mRNA Translation: AAA40468.1 Different initiation. Z47352 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA87413.1 AK005689 mRNA Translation: BAB24187.1 CT010583 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH466521 Genomic DNA Translation: EDK97324.1 BC092529 mRNA Translation: AAH92529.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS27953.1 |
PIRi | S14529 |
RefSeqi | NP_038722.3, NM_013694.4 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000051297; ENSMUSP00000053078; ENSMUSG00000043050 |
GeneIDi | 21959 |
KEGGi | mmu:21959 |
UCSCi | uc007yee.1, mouse |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | M60254 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA40469.1 J03494 mRNA Translation: AAA40467.1 J03494 mRNA Translation: AAA40468.1 Different initiation. Z47352 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA87413.1 AK005689 mRNA Translation: BAB24187.1 CT010583 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH466521 Genomic DNA Translation: EDK97324.1 BC092529 mRNA Translation: AAH92529.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS27953.1 |
PIRi | S14529 |
RefSeqi | NP_038722.3, NM_013694.4 |
3D structure databases
AlphaFoldDBi | P11378 |
ModBasei | Search... |
SWISS-MODEL-Workspacei | Submit a new modelling project... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000053078 |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P11378 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P11378 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | P11378 |
PRIDEi | P11378 |
ProteomicsDBi | 254593 |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 65957, 130 antibodies from 20 providers |
DNASUi | 21959 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000051297; ENSMUSP00000053078; ENSMUSG00000043050 |
GeneIDi | 21959 |
KEGGi | mmu:21959 |
UCSCi | uc007yee.1, mouse |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 7142 |
MGIi | MGI:98785, Tnp2 |
VEuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSMUSG00000043050 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG4566, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000008176 |
InParanoidi | P11378 |
OMAi | RPQSHTC |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 21959, 0 hits in 71 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | Tnp2, mouse |
PROi | PR:P11378 |
RNActi | P11378, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000043050, Expressed in testis and 77 other tissues |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000678, TP2 |
PANTHERi | PTHR17488, PTHR17488, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF01254, TP2, 2 hits |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00970, TP2_1, 1 hit PS00971, TP2_2, 1 hit |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | STP2_MOUSE | |
Accessioni | P11378Primary (citable) accession number: P11378 Secondary accession number(s): Q91XK4 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | July 1, 1989 |
Last sequence update: | June 7, 2017 | |
Last modified: | May 25, 2022 | |
This is version 139 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- MGD cross-references
Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families