Interleukin-1 beta

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Miscellaneous

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation."
    McLoughlin R.M., Witowski J., Robson R.L., Wilkinson T.S., Hurst S.M., Williams A.S., Williams J.D., Rose-John S., Jones S.A., Topley N.
    J Clin Invest 112:598-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The role of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) kinase activity in IRAK-4-mediated signaling."
    Lye E., Mirtsos C., Suzuki N., Suzuki S., Yeh W.C.
    J Biol Chem 279:40653-40658(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKB
• interleukin-1 receptor binding Source: InterPro
• protein domain specific binding Source: MGI

GO - Biological processⁱ

• astrocyte activation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Astrocyte-shed extracellular vesicles regulate the peripheral leukocyte response to inflammatory brain lesions."
    Dickens A.M., Tovar-Y-Romo L.B., Yoo S.W., Trout A.L., Bae M., Kanmogne M., Megra B., Williams D.W., Witwer K.W., Gacias M., Tabatadze N., Cole R.N., Casaccia P., Berman J.W., Anthony D.C., Haughey N.J.
    Sci Signal 10:eaai7696-eaai7696(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to mechanical stimulus Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: MGI
• cellular response to organic substance Source: MGIInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome."
    Burckstummer T., Baumann C., Bluml S., Dixit E., Durnberger G., Jahn H., Planyavsky M., Bilban M., Colinge J., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G.
    Nat. Immunol. 10:266-272(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus Source: MGIInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome."
    Burckstummer T., Baumann C., Bluml S., Dixit E., Durnberger G., Jahn H., Planyavsky M., Bilban M., Colinge J., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G.
    Nat. Immunol. 10:266-272(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGI
• ectopic germ cell programmed cell death Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Caspase-2 deficiency prevents programmed germ cell death resulting from cytokine insufficiency but not meiotic defects caused by loss of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (Atm) gene function."
    Morita Y., Maravei D.V., Bergeron L., Wang S., Perez G.I., Tsutsumi O., Taketani Y., Asano M., Horai R., Korsmeyer S.J., Iwakura Y., Yuan J., Tilly J.L.
    Cell Death Differ 8:614-620(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Caspase-2 deficiency prevents programmed germ cell death resulting from cytokine insufficiency but not meiotic defects caused by loss of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (Atm) gene function."
    Morita Y., Maravei D.V., Bergeron L., Wang S., Perez G.I., Tsutsumi O., Taketani Y., Asano M., Horai R., Korsmeyer S.J., Iwakura Y., Yuan J., Tilly J.L.
    Cell Death Differ 8:614-620(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• fever generation Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hyaluronan biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• immune response Source: InterPro
• inflammatory response Source: MGI
• interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGI
• leukocyte migration Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil elastase (NE)-deficient mice demonstrate a nonredundant role for NE in neutrophil migration, generation of proinflammatory mediators, and phagocytosis in response to zymosan particles in vivo."
    Young R.E., Thompson R.D., Larbi K.Y., La M., Roberts C.E., Shapiro S.D., Perretti M., Nourshargh S.
    J Immunol 172:4493-4502(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGI
• MAPK cascade Source: MGI
• memory Source: MGI
• monocyte aggregation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of adiponectin secretion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve Source: MGI
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: MGI
• negative regulation of gap junction assembly Source: MGI
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: MGI
• negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glutamate secretion Source: MGI
• negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: MGI
• negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of neurogenesis Source: MGI
• negative regulation of neuron differentiation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of synaptic transmission Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Microglial receptor for advanced glycation end product-dependent signal pathway drives beta-amyloid-induced synaptic depression and long-term depression impairment in entorhinal cortex."
    Origlia N., Bonadonna C., Rosellini A., Leznik E., Arancio O., Yan S.S., Domenici L.
    J Neurosci 30:11414-11425(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGI
• neutrophil chemotaxis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation."
    McLoughlin R.M., Witowski J., Robson R.L., Wilkinson T.S., Hurst S.M., Williams A.S., Williams J.D., Rose-John S., Jones S.A., Topley N.
    J Clin Invest 112:598-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "IL-1 is required for tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis."
    Voronov E., Shouval D.S., Krelin Y., Cagnano E., Benharroch D., Iwakura Y., Dinarello C.A., Apte R.N.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:2645-2650(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell death Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine production Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation."
    McLoughlin R.M., Witowski J., Robson R.L., Wilkinson T.S., Hurst S.M., Williams A.S., Williams J.D., Rose-John S., Jones S.A., Topley N.
    J Clin Invest 112:598-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of complement activation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: MGI
• positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: MGI
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of fever generation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central control of fever and female body temperature by RANKL/RANK."
    Hanada R., Leibbrandt A., Hanada T., Kitaoka S., Furuyashiki T., Fujihara H., Trichereau J., Paolino M., Qadri F., Plehm R., Klaere S., Komnenovic V., Mimata H., Yoshimatsu H., Takahashi N., von Haeseler A., Bader M., Kilic S.S.

    , Ueta Y., Pifl C., Narumiya S., Penninger J.M.
    Nature 462:505-509(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1 family members and STAT activators induce cytokine production by Th2, Th17, and Th1 cells."
    Guo L., Wei G., Zhu J., Liao W., Leonard W.J., Zhao K., Paul W.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:13463-13468(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of glial cell differentiation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo."
    Shim J.H., Xiao C., Paschal A.E., Bailey S.T., Rao P., Hayden M.S., Lee K.Y., Bussey C., Steckel M., Tanaka N., Yamada G., Akira S., Matsumoto K., Ghosh S.
    Genes Dev 19:2668-2681(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus Source: MGI
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of interleukin-2 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-17RC is required for immune signaling via an extended SEF/IL-17R signaling domain in the cytoplasmic tail."
    Ho A.W., Shen F., Conti H.R., Patel N., Childs E.E., Peterson A.C., Hernandez-Santos N., Kolls J.K., Kane L.P., Ouyang W., Gaffen S.L.
    J. Immunol. 185:1063-1070(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of JNK cascade Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo."
    Shim J.H., Xiao C., Paschal A.E., Bailey S.T., Rao P., Hayden M.S., Lee K.Y., Bussey C., Steckel M., Tanaka N., Yamada G., Akira S., Matsumoto K., Ghosh S.
    Genes Dev 19:2668-2681(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of JUN kinase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: MGI
• positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGI
• positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Microglial receptor for advanced glycation end product-dependent signal pathway drives beta-amyloid-induced synaptic depression and long-term depression impairment in entorhinal cortex."
    Origlia N., Bonadonna C., Rosellini A., Leznik E., Arancio O., Yan S.S., Domenici L.
    J Neurosci 30:11414-11425(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central control of fever and female body temperature by RANKL/RANK."
    Hanada R., Leibbrandt A., Hanada T., Kitaoka S., Furuyashiki T., Fujihara H., Trichereau J., Paolino M., Qadri F., Plehm R., Klaere S., Komnenovic V., Mimata H., Yoshimatsu H., Takahashi N., von Haeseler A., Bader M., Kilic S.S.

    , Ueta Y., Pifl C., Narumiya S., Penninger J.M.
    Nature 462:505-509(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of T cell proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Peli1 facilitates TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production."
    Chang M., Jin W., Sun S.C.
    Nat Immunol 10:1089-1095(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "IL-1 is required for tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis."
    Voronov E., Shouval D.S., Krelin Y., Cagnano E., Benharroch D., Iwakura Y., Dinarello C.A., Apte R.N.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:2645-2650(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase B signaling Source: MGI
• regulation of defense response to virus by host Source: CAFAInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A new transcriptional role for matrix metalloproteinase-12 in antiviral immunity."
    Marchant D.J., Bellac C.L., Moraes T.J., Wadsworth S.J., Dufour A., Butler G.S., Bilawchuk L.M., Hendry R.G., Robertson A.G., Cheung C.T., Ng J., Ang L., Luo Z., Heilbron K., Norris M.J., Duan W., Bucyk T., Karpov A.

    , Devel L., Georgiadis D., Hegele R.G., Luo H., Granville D.J., Dive V., McManus B.M., Overall C.M.
    Nat Med 20:493-502(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: MGI
• regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier Source: MGI
• regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGI
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: MGI
• regulation of neurogenesis Source: MGI
• regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "signaling pathway involved in nitric oxide synthase type II activation in chondrocytes: synergistic effect of leptin with interleukin-1."
    Otero M., Lago R., Lago F., Reino J.J., Gualillo O.
    Arthritis Res. Ther. 7:R581-R591(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to ATP Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Astrocyte-derived ATP induces vesicle shedding and IL-1 beta release from microglia."
    Bianco F., Pravettoni E., Colombo A., Schenk U., Moller T., Matteoli M., Verderio C.
    J Immunol 174:7268-7277(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor."
    Verhoef P.A., Kertesy S.B., Lundberg K., Kahlenberg J.M., Dubyak G.R.
    J Immunol 175:7623-7634(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "P2X7 receptor differentially couples to distinct release pathways for IL-1beta in mouse macrophage."
    Pelegrin P., Barroso-Gutierrez C., Surprenant A.
    J Immunol 180:7147-7157(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to carbohydrate Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of chloride on the activation of caspase-1, IL-1beta secretion, and cytolysis by the P2X7 receptor."
    Verhoef P.A., Kertesy S.B., Lundberg K., Kahlenberg J.M., Dubyak G.R.
    J Immunol 175:7623-7634(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to interleukin-1 Source: MGI
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tissue kallikrein mK13 is a candidate processing enzyme for the precursor of interleukin-1beta in the submandibular gland of mice."
    Yao C., Karabasil M.R., Purwanti N., Li X., Akamatsu T., Kanamori N., Hosoi K.
    J Biol Chem 281:7968-7976(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "P2X7 receptor differentially couples to distinct release pathways for IL-1beta in mouse macrophage."
    Pelegrin P., Barroso-Gutierrez C., Surprenant A.
    J Immunol 180:7147-7157(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequestering of triglyceride Source: MGI
• social behavior Source: MGI
• vascular endothelial growth factor production Source: UniProtKB

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation."
    McLoughlin R.M., Witowski J., Robson R.L., Wilkinson T.S., Hurst S.M., Williams A.S., Williams J.D., Rose-John S., Jones S.A., Topley N.
    J Clin Invest 112:598-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The role of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) kinase activity in IRAK-4-mediated signaling."
    Lye E., Mirtsos C., Suzuki N., Suzuki S., Yeh W.C.
    J Biol Chem 279:40653-40658(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKB
• interleukin-1 receptor binding Source: InterPro
• protein domain specific binding Source: MGI

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MATVPELNCE MPPFDSDEND LFFEVDGPQK MKGCFQTFDL GCPDESIQLQ 
        60         70         80         90        100
ISQQHINKSF RQAVSLIVAV EKLWQLPVSF PWTFQDEDMS TFFSFIFEEE 
       110        120        130        140        150
PILCDSWDDD DNLLVCDVPI RQLHYRLRDE QQKSLVLSDP YELKALHLNG 
       160        170        180        190        200
QNINQQVIFS MSFVQGEPSN DKIPVALGLK GKNLYLSCVM KDGTPTLQLE 
       210        220        230        240        250
SVDPKQYPKK KMEKRFVFNK IEVKSKVEFE SAEFPNWYIS TSQAEHKPVF 
       260 
LGNNSGQDII DFTMESVSS                                   

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
2. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families