Retinoic acid receptor alpha

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Caution

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• alpha-actinin binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.26

    "Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)-linked alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4) protein mutants lose ability to activate transcription by nuclear hormone receptors."
    Khurana S., Chakraborty S., Lam M., Liu Y., Su Y.T., Zhao X., Saleem M.A., Mathieson P.W., Bruggeman L.A., Kao H.Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 287:12027-12035(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ACTN4.
• chromatin DNA binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Retinoic acid-dependent activation of the polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1) promoter."
    Islam M.R., Puri S., Rodova M., Magenheimer B.S., Maser R.L., Calvet J.P.
    Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 295:F1845-54(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Human ADA3 regulates RARalpha transcriptional activity through direct contact between LxxLL motifs and the receptor coactivator pocket."
    Li C.W., Ai N., Dinh G.K., Welsh W.J., Chen J.D.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:5291-5303(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: NTNU_SB
• drug binding Source: Ensembl
• enzyme binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 as a coactivator for estrogen receptor alpha."
    Qi C., Chang J., Zhu Y., Yeldandi A.V., Rao S.M., Zhu Y.-J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:28624-28630(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PRMT2.
  • "Two distinct nuclear receptor interaction domains in NSD1, a novel SET protein that exhibits characteristics of both corepressors and coactivators."
    Huang N., vom Baur E., Garnier J.-M., Lerouge T., Vonesch J.-L., Lutz Y., Chambon P., Losson R.
    EMBO J. 17:3398-3412(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• histone deacetylase binding Source: Ensembl
• mRNA 5'-UTR binding Source: Ensembl
• nuclear receptor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors."
    Petkovich M., Brand N.J., Krust A., Chambon P.
    Nature 330:444-450(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 31-462.
• nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein domain specific binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Human ADA3 regulates RARalpha transcriptional activity through direct contact between LxxLL motifs and the receptor coactivator pocket."
    Li C.W., Ai N., Dinh G.K., Welsh W.J., Chen J.D.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:5291-5303(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase A binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.25

    "Activity of retinoic acid receptor-alpha is directly regulated at its protein kinase A sites in response to follicle-stimulating hormone signaling."
    Santos N.C., Kim K.H.
    Endocrinology 151:2361-2372(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-219 AND SER-369, INTERACTION WITH RXRA AND PRKAR1A, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-219 AND SER-369.
• protein kinase B binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Akt phosphorylates and suppresses the transactivation of retinoic acid receptor alpha."
    Srinivas H., Xia D., Moore N.L., Uray I.P., Kim H., Ma L., Weigel N.L., Brown P.H., Kurie J.M.
    Biochem. J. 395:653-662(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-96, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH AKT1, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-95; SER-96; SER-154 AND SER-157.
• retinoic acid binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors."
    Petkovich M., Brand N.J., Krust A., Chambon P.
    Nature 330:444-450(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 31-462.
• retinoic acid-responsive element binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors."
    Petkovich M., Brand N.J., Krust A., Chambon P.
    Nature 330:444-450(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 31-462.
• signaling receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of transglutaminase 2 by a liver X receptor/retinoic acid receptor alpha pathway increases the clearance of apoptotic cells by human macrophages."
    Rebe C., Raveneau M., Chevriaux A., Lakomy D., Sberna A.L., Costa A., Bessede G., Athias A., Steinmetz E., Lobaccaro J.M., Alves G., Menicacci A., Vachenc S., Solary E., Gambert P., Masson D.
    Circ. Res. 105:393-401(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• steroid hormone receptor activity Source: InterPro
• transcription coactivator activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription corepressor activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "MED25 is distinct from TRAP220/MED1 in cooperating with CBP for retinoid receptor activation."
    Lee H.-K., Park U.-H., Kim E.-J., Um S.-J.
    EMBO J. 26:3545-3557(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element binding Source: Ensembl
• zinc ion binding Source: InterPro

GO - Biological processⁱ

• apoptotic cell clearance Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Induction of transglutaminase 2 by a liver X receptor/retinoic acid receptor alpha pathway increases the clearance of apoptotic cells by human macrophages."
    Rebe C., Raveneau M., Chevriaux A., Lakomy D., Sberna A.L., Costa A., Bessede G., Athias A., Steinmetz E., Lobaccaro J.M., Alves G., Menicacci A., Vachenc S., Solary E., Gambert P., Masson D.
    Circ. Res. 105:393-401(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• bone morphogenesis Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell differentiation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to estrogen stimulus Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to retinoic acid Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chondroblast differentiation Source: Ensembl
• embryonic camera-type eye development Source: Ensembl
• epithelium development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• face development Source: Ensembl
• female pregnancy Source: Ensembl
• germ cell development Source: Ensembl
• gland development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glandular epithelial cell development Source: Ensembl
• growth plate cartilage development Source: Ensembl
• hippocampus development Source: Ensembl
• hormone-mediated signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• limb development Source: Ensembl
• liver development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• multicellular organism development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• multicellular organism growth Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of cartilage development Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neural tube closure Source: Ensembl
• outflow tract septum morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell cycle Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-13 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-4 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-5 production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuron differentiation Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production."
    Dawson H.D., Collins G., Pyle R., Key M., Taub D.D.
    BMC Immunol. 9:16-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Retinoic acid regulates the human methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) gene via two distinct promoters."
    Pascual I., Larrayoz I.M., Rodriguez I.R.
    Genomics 93:62-71(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.22

    "Small ubiquitin-like modifier-2 modification of retinoic acid receptor-alpha regulates its subcellular localization and transcriptional activity."
    Zhu L., Santos N.C., Kim K.H.
    Endocrinology 150:5586-5595(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: SUMOYLATION AT LYS-166; LYS-171 AND LYS-399, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-147; LYS-166; LYS-171 AND LYS-399.
  • "Cooperative interaction between retinoic acid receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor in breast cancer."
    Ross-Innes C.S., Stark R., Holmes K.A., Schmidt D., Spyrou C., Russell R., Massie C.E., Vowler S.L., Eldridge M., Carroll J.S.
    Genes Dev. 24:171-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.22

    "Small ubiquitin-like modifier-2 modification of retinoic acid receptor-alpha regulates its subcellular localization and transcriptional activity."
    Zhu L., Santos N.C., Kim K.H.
    Endocrinology 150:5586-5595(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: SUMOYLATION AT LYS-166; LYS-171 AND LYS-399, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-147; LYS-166; LYS-171 AND LYS-399.
• prostate gland development Source: Ensembl
• protein phosphorylation Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "P38MAPK-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of SRC-3/AIB1 and RARalpha-mediated transcription."
    Gianni M., Parrella E., Raska I. Jr., Gaillard E., Nigro E.A., Gaudon C., Garattini E., Rochette-Egly C.
    EMBO J. 25:739-751(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of myelination Source: Ensembl
• regulation of synaptic plasticity Source: Ensembl
• response to cytokine Source: Ensembl
• response to estradiol Source: Ensembl
• response to ethanol Source: Ensembl
• response to lipid Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to retinoic acid Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Regulation of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human placental endothelial cells."
    Su E.J., Cheng Y.H., Chatterton R.T., Lin Z.H., Yin P., Reierstad S., Innes J., Bulun S.E.
    Biol. Reprod. 77:517-525(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to vitamin A Source: Ensembl
• retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Regulation of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human placental endothelial cells."
    Su E.J., Cheng Y.H., Chatterton R.T., Lin Z.H., Yin P., Reierstad S., Innes J., Bulun S.E.
    Biol. Reprod. 77:517-525(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• Sertoli cell fate commitment Source: Ensembl
• signal transduction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.8

    "A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors."
    Petkovich M., Brand N.J., Krust A., Chambon P.
    Nature 330:444-450(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 31-462.
• spermatogenesis Source: Ensembl
• trachea cartilage development Source: Ensembl
• transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter Source: Reactome
• ureteric bud development Source: Ensembl
• ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation Source: Ensembl

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Mutagenesis

Sites

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• alpha-actinin binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.26

    "Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)-linked alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4) protein mutants lose ability to activate transcription by nuclear hormone receptors."
    Khurana S., Chakraborty S., Lam M., Liu Y., Su Y.T., Zhao X., Saleem M.A., Mathieson P.W., Bruggeman L.A., Kao H.Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 287:12027-12035(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ACTN4.
• enzyme binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.15

    "Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 as a coactivator for estrogen receptor alpha."
    Qi C., Chang J., Zhu Y., Yeldandi A.V., Rao S.M., Zhu Y.-J.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:28624-28630(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PRMT2.
  • "Two distinct nuclear receptor interaction domains in NSD1, a novel SET protein that exhibits characteristics of both corepressors and coactivators."
    Huang N., vom Baur E., Garnier J.-M., Lerouge T., Vonesch J.-L., Lutz Y., Chambon P., Losson R.
    EMBO J. 17:3398-3412(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• histone deacetylase binding Source: Ensembl
• protein domain specific binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Human ADA3 regulates RARalpha transcriptional activity through direct contact between LxxLL motifs and the receptor coactivator pocket."
    Li C.W., Ai N., Dinh G.K., Welsh W.J., Chen J.D.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 38:5291-5303(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Loss of CAK phosphorylation of RAR{alpha} mediates transcriptional control of retinoid-induced cancer cell differentiation."
    Wang A., Alimova I.N., Luo P., Jong A., Triche T.J., Wu L.
    FASEB J. 24:833-843(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase A binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.25

    "Activity of retinoic acid receptor-alpha is directly regulated at its protein kinase A sites in response to follicle-stimulating hormone signaling."
    Santos N.C., Kim K.H.
    Endocrinology 151:2361-2372(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-219 AND SER-369, INTERACTION WITH RXRA AND PRKAR1A, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-219 AND SER-369.
• protein kinase B binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Akt phosphorylates and suppresses the transactivation of retinoic acid receptor alpha."
    Srinivas H., Xia D., Moore N.L., Uray I.P., Kim H., Ma L., Weigel N.L., Brown P.H., Kurie J.M.
    Biochem. J. 395:653-662(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-96, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH AKT1, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-95; SER-96; SER-154 AND SER-157.
• signaling receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of transglutaminase 2 by a liver X receptor/retinoic acid receptor alpha pathway increases the clearance of apoptotic cells by human macrophages."
    Rebe C., Raveneau M., Chevriaux A., Lakomy D., Sberna A.L., Costa A., Bessede G., Athias A., Steinmetz E., Lobaccaro J.M., Alves G., Menicacci A., Vachenc S., Solary E., Gambert P., Masson D.
    Circ. Res. 105:393-401(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription factor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "MED25 is distinct from TRAP220/MED1 in cooperating with CBP for retinoid receptor activation."
    Lee H.-K., Park U.-H., Kim E.-J., Um S.-J.
    EMBO J. 26:3545-3557(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Motif

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Zinc finger

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (3+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 3 described isoforms and 3 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MASNSSSCPT PGGGHLNGYP VPPYAFFFPP MLGGLSPPGA LTTLQHQLPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
SGYSTPSPAT IETQSSSSEE IVPSPPSPPP LPRIYKPCFV CQDKSSGYHY 
       110        120        130        140        150
GVSACEGCKG FFRRSIQKNM VYTCHRDKNC IINKVTRNRC QYCRLQKCFE 
       160        170        180        190        200
VGMSKESVRN DRNKKKKEVP KPECSESYTL TPEVGELIEK VRKAHQETFP 
       210        220        230        240        250
ALCQLGKYTT NNSSEQRVSL DIDLWDKFSE LSTKCIIKTV EFAKQLPGFT 
       260        270        280        290        300
TLTIADQITL LKAACLDILI LRICTRYTPE QDTMTFSDGL TLNRTQMHNA 
       310        320        330        340        350
GFGPLTDLVF AFANQLLPLE MDDAETGLLS AICLICGDRQ DLEQPDRVDM 
       360        370        380        390        400
LQEPLLEALK VYVRKRRPSR PHMFPKMLMK ITDLRSISAK GAERVITLKM 
       410        420        430        440        450
EIPGSMPPLI QEMLENSEGL DTLSGQPGGG GRDGGGLAPP PGSCSPSLSP 
       460 
SSNRSSPATH SP                                          

        10         20         30         40         50
MYESVEVGGP TPNPFLVVDF YNQNRACLLP EKGLPAPGPY STPLRTPLWN 
        60         70         80         90        100
GSNHSIETQS SSSEEIVPSP PSPPPLPRIY KPCFVCQDKS SGYHYGVSAC 
       110        120        130        140        150
EGCKGFFRRS IQKNMVYTCH RDKNCIINKV TRNRCQYCRL QKCFEVGMSK 
       160        170        180        190        200
ESVRNDRNKK KKEVPKPECS ESYTLTPEVG ELIEKVRKAH QETFPALCQL 
       210        220        230        240        250
GKYTTNNSSE QRVSLDIDLW DKFSELSTKC IIKTVEFAKQ LPGFTTLTIA 
       260        270        280        290        300
DQITLLKAAC LDILILRICT RYTPEQDTMT FSDGLTLNRT QMHNAGFGPL 
       310        320        330        340        350
TDLVFAFANQ LLPLEMDDAE TGLLSAICLI CGDRQDLEQP DRVDMLQEPL 
       360        370        380        390        400
LEALKVYVRK RRPSRPHMFP KMLMKITDLR SISAKGAERV ITLKMEIPGS 
       410        420        430        440        450
MPPLIQEMLE NSEGLDTLSG QPGGGGRDGG GLAPPPGSCS PSLSPSSNRS 

SPATHSP                                                

        10         20         30         40         50
MASNSSSCPT PGGGHLNGYP VPPYAFFFPP MLGGLSPPGA LTTLQHQLPV 
        60         70         80         90        100
SGYSTPSPAT VRNDRNKKKK EVPKPECSES YTLTPEVGEL IEKVRKAHQE 
       110        120        130        140        150
TFPALCQLGK YTTNNSSEQR VSLDIDLWDK FSELSTKCII KTVEFAKQLP 
       160        170        180        190        200
GFTTLTIADQ ITLLKAACLD ILILRICTRY TPEQDTMTFS DGLTLNRTQM 
       210        220        230        240        250
HNAGFGPLTD LVFAFANQLL PLEMDDAETG LLSAICLICG DRQDLEQPDR 
       260        270        280        290        300
VDMLQEPLLE ALKVYVRKRR PSRPHMFPKM LMKITDLRSI SAKGAERVIT 
       310        320        330        340        350
LKMEIPGSMP PLIQEMLENS EGLDTLSGQP GGGGRDGGGL APPPGSCSPS 
       360 
LSPSSNRSSP ATHSP                                       

<p>This subsection of the ‘Sequence’ section reports difference(s) between the protein sequence shown in the UniProtKB entry and other available protein sequences derived from the same gene.<p><a href='/help/sequence_caution' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence cautionⁱ

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases