Inhibin beta A chain

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: HGNC-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activins, inhibins, and follistatins: from endocrinology to signaling. A paradigm for the new millennium."
    Welt C., Sidis Y., Keutmann H., Schneyer A.
    Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227:724-752(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Activin B: precursor sequences, genomic structure and in vitro activities."
    Mason A.J., Berkemeier L.M., Schmelzer C.H., Schwall R.H.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 3:1352-1358(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inhibin binding Source: Ensembl
• peptide hormone binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The structure of the follistatin:activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding."
    Thompson T.B., Lerch T.F., Cook R.W., Woodruff T.K., Jardetzky T.S.
    Dev. Cell 9:535-543(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: Ensembl
• transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• type II activin receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Inhibin antagonizes inhibition of liver cell growth by activin by a dominant-negative mechanism."
    Xu J., McKeehan K., Matsuzaki K., McKeehan W.L.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:6308-6313(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activin receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell-cell signaling Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell cycle arrest Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell development Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to cholesterol Source: Ensembl
• cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus Source: Ensembl
• defense response Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• endodermal cell differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "HEB and E2A function as SMAD/FOXH1 cofactors."
    Yoon S.J., Wills A.E., Chuong E., Gupta R., Baker J.C.
    Genes Dev. 25:1654-1661(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• erythrocyte differentiation Source: UniProtKB <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Effect of activin A on globin gene expression in purified human erythroid progenitors."
    Shao L., Frigon N.L. Jr., Young A.L., Yu A.L., Mathews L.S., Vaughan J., Vale W., Yu J.
    Blood 79:773-781(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• eyelid development in camera-type eye Source: UniProtKB
• G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• GABAergic neuron differentiation Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin A directs striatal projection neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells."
    Arber C., Precious S.V., Cambray S., Risner-Janiczek J.R., Kelly C., Noakes Z., Fjodorova M., Heuer A., Ungless M.A., Rodriguez T.A., Rosser A.E., Dunnett S.B., Li M.
    Development 142:1375-1386(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hair follicle development Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "FLRG, member of the follistatin family, a new player in hematopoiesis."
    Maguer-Satta V., Rimokh R.
    Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 225:109-118(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hemoglobin biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Effect of activin A on globin gene expression in purified human erythroid progenitors."
    Shao L., Frigon N.L. Jr., Young A.L., Yu A.L., Mathews L.S., Vaughan J., Vale W., Yu J.
    Blood 79:773-781(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• male gonad development Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mesodermal cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of B cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell cycle Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor suppressor FLCN inhibits tumorigenesis of a FLCN-null renal cancer cell line and regulates expression of key molecules in TGF-beta signaling."
    Hong S.B., Oh H., Valera V.A., Stull J., Ngo D.T., Baba M., Merino M.J., Linehan W.M., Schmidt L.S.
    Mol. Cancer 9:160-160(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcription activation of FLRG and follistatin by activin A, through Smad proteins, participates in a negative feedback loop to modulate activin A function."
    Bartholin L., Maguer-Satta V., Hayette S., Martel S., Gadoux M., Corbo L., Magaud J.P., Rimokh R.
    Oncogene 21:2227-2235(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Erythroid differentiation factor is encoded by the same mRNA as that of the inhibin beta A chain."
    Murata M., Eto Y., Shibai H., Sakai M., Muramatsu M.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:2434-2438(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of macrophage differentiation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of phosphorylation Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• nervous system development Source: UniProtKBNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "A novel role of activin in inflammation and repair."
    Munz B., Hubner G., Tretter Y., Alzheimer C., Werner S.
    J. Endocrinol. 161:187-193(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• odontogenesis Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ovarian follicle development Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "HEB and E2A function as SMAD/FOXH1 cofactors."
    Yoon S.J., Wills A.E., Chuong E., Gupta R., Baker J.C.
    Genes Dev. 25:1654-1661(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin and inhibin have antagonistic effects on ligand-dependent heteromerization of the type I and type II activin receptors and human erythroid differentiation."
    Lebrun J.J., Vale W.W.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1682-1691(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin A induces apoptotic cell death."
    Nishihara T., Okahashi N., Ueda N.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197:985-991(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin A impairs insulin action in cardiomyocytes via up-regulation of miR-143."
    Blumensatt M., Greulich S., Herzfeld de Wiza D., Mueller H., Maxhera B., Rabelink M.J., Hoeben R.C., Akhyari P., Al-Hasani H., Ruige J.B., Ouwens D.M.
    Cardiovasc. Res. 100:201-210(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of ovulation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Endoglin phosphorylation by ALK2 contributes to the regulation of prostate cancer cell migration."
    Romero D., Terzic A., Conley B.A., Craft C.S., Jovanovic B., Bergan R.C., Vary C.P.
    Carcinogenesis 31:359-366(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The nephrogenic potential of the transcription factors osr1, osr2, hnf1b, lhx1 and pax8 assessed in Xenopus animal caps."
    Drews C., Senkel S., Ryffel G.U.
    BMC Dev. Biol. 11:5-5(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin-A up-regulates type I activin receptor mRNA levels in human immortalized extravillous trophoblast cells."
    Chen V.T., Peng C., Leung P.C.
    Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 1:29-29(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The nephrogenic potential of the transcription factors osr1, osr2, hnf1b, lhx1 and pax8 assessed in Xenopus animal caps."
    Drews C., Senkel S., Ryffel G.U.
    BMC Dev. Biol. 11:5-5(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• progesterone secretion Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of apoptotic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of MAPK cascade Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcription activation of FLRG and follistatin by activin A, through Smad proteins, participates in a negative feedback loop to modulate activin A function."
    Bartholin L., Maguer-Satta V., Hayette S., Martel S., Gadoux M., Corbo L., Magaud J.P., Rimokh R.
    Oncogene 21:2227-2235(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to drug Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor suppressor FLCN inhibits tumorigenesis of a FLCN-null renal cancer cell line and regulates expression of key molecules in TGF-beta signaling."
    Hong S.B., Oh H., Valera V.A., Stull J., Ngo D.T., Baba M., Merino M.J., Linehan W.M., Schmidt L.S.
    Mol. Cancer 9:160-160(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• roof of mouth development Source: UniProtKBInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Insertion of Inhbb into the Inhba locus rescues the Inhba-null phenotype and reveals new activin functions."
    Brown C.W., Houston-Hawkins D.E., Woodruff T.K., Matzuk M.M.
    Nat. Genet. 25:453-457(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• SMAD protein signal transduction Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Activin A directs striatal projection neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells."
    Arber C., Precious S.V., Cambray S., Risner-Janiczek J.R., Kelly C., Noakes Z., Fjodorova M., Heuer A., Ungless M.A., Rodriguez T.A., Rosser A.E., Dunnett S.B., Li M.
    Development 142:1375-1386(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: HGNC-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells."
    Hashimoto O., Yamato K., Koseki T., Ohguchi M., Ishisaki A., Shoji H., Nakamura T., Hayashi Y., Sugino H., Nishihara T.
    Cell. Signal. 10:743-749(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• growth factor activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activins, inhibins, and follistatins: from endocrinology to signaling. A paradigm for the new millennium."
    Welt C., Sidis Y., Keutmann H., Schneyer A.
    Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227:724-752(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The role of activin a in regulation of hemopoiesis."
    Shav-Tal Y., Zipori D.
    Stem Cells 20:493-500(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Activin B: precursor sequences, genomic structure and in vitro activities."
    Mason A.J., Berkemeier L.M., Schmelzer C.H., Schwall R.H.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 3:1352-1358(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inhibin binding Source: Ensembl
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: Ensembl
• transforming growth factor beta receptor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• type II activin receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Inhibin antagonizes inhibition of liver cell growth by activin by a dominant-negative mechanism."
    Xu J., McKeehan K., Matsuzaki K., McKeehan W.L.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:6308-6313(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MPLLWLRGFL LASCWIIVRS SPTPGSEGHS AAPDCPSCAL AALPKDVPNS 
        60         70         80         90        100
QPEMVEAVKK HILNMLHLKK RPDVTQPVPK AALLNAIRKL HVGKVGENGY 
       110        120        130        140        150
VEIEDDIGRR AEMNELMEQT SEIITFAESG TARKTLHFEI SKEGSDLSVV 
       160        170        180        190        200
ERAEVWLFLK VPKANRTRTK VTIRLFQQQK HPQGSLDTGE EAEEVGLKGE 
       210        220        230        240        250
RSELLLSEKV VDARKSTWHV FPVSSSIQRL LDQGKSSLDV RIACEQCQES 
       260        270        280        290        300
GASLVLLGKK KKKEEEGEGK KKGGGEGGAG ADEEKEQSHR PFLMLQARQS 
       310        320        330        340        350
EDHPHRRRRR GLECDGKVNI CCKKQFFVSF KDIGWNDWII APSGYHANYC 
       360        370        380        390        400
EGECPSHIAG TSGSSLSFHS TVINHYRMRG HSPFANLKSC CVPTKLRPMS 
       410        420 
MLYYDDGQNI IKKDIQNMIV EECGCS                           

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Human chromosome 7
   Human chromosome 7: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
4. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
5. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
6. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot