Gap junction alpha-1 protein

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• beta-catenin binding Source: RGD
• beta-tubulin binding Source: RGD
• connexin binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Gap junction channels formed by coexpressed connexin40 and connexin43."
    Valiunas V., Gemel J., Brink P.R., Beyer E.C.
    Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H1675-89(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• disordered domain specific binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Characterization of the structure and intermolecular interactions between the connexin40 and connexin43 carboxyl-terminal and cytoplasmic loop domains."
    Bouvier D., Spagnol G., Chenavas S., Kieken F., Vitrac H., Brownell S., Kellezi A., Forge V., Sorgen P.L.
    J Biol Chem 284:34257-34271(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• efflux transmembrane transporter activity Source: RGD
• gap junction channel activity Source: CAFA <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Modifications in the biophysical properties of connexin43 channels by a peptide of the cytoplasmic loop region."
    Seki A., Duffy H.S., Coombs W., Spray D.C., Taffet S.M., Delmar M.
    Circ Res 95:e22-8(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• gap junction channel activity involved in cell communication by electrical coupling Source: RGD
• gap junction hemi-channel activity Source: UniProtKB
• glutathione transmembrane transporter activity Source: RGD
• ion transmembrane transporter activity Source: RGD
• PDZ domain binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification."
    Duffy H.S., Ashton A.W., O'Donnell P., Coombs W., Taffet S.M., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    Circ Res 94:215-222(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.17

    "Structural changes in the carboxyl terminus of the gap junction protein connexin43 indicates signaling between binding domains for c-Src and zonula occludens-1."
    Sorgen P.L., Duffy H.S., Sahoo P., Coombs W., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:54695-54701(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 255-381, INTERACTION WITH TJP1 AND SRC.
• protein domain specific binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Molecular dynamics and in vitro analysis of Connexin43: A new 14-3-3 mode-1 interacting protein."
    Park D.J., Freitas T.A., Wallick C.J., Guyette C.V., Warn-Cramer B.J.
    Protein Sci 15:2344-2355(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein tyrosine kinase binding Source: RGD
• scaffold protein binding Source: RGD
• SH3 domain binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification."
    Duffy H.S., Ashton A.W., O'Donnell P., Coombs W., Taffet S.M., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    Circ Res 94:215-222(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: RGD
• tubulin binding Source: UniProtKB

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adult heart development Source: RGD
• apoptotic process Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Cardiac mitochondrial connexin 43 regulates apoptosis."
    Goubaeva F., Mikami M., Giardina S., Ding B., Abe J., Yang J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 352:97-103(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ATP transport Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Enhanced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells mediated by connexin hemichannels and ATP."
    Belliveau D.J., Bani-Yaghoub M., McGirr B., Naus C.C.G., Rushlow W.J.
    J Biol Chem 281:20920-20931(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• atrial ventricular junction remodeling Source: RGD
• blood vessel morphogenesis Source: RGD
• bone development Source: UniProtKB
• bone remodeling Source: UniProtKB
• cardiac conduction Source: RGD
• cell-cell junction organization Source: RGD
• cell-cell signaling Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cardiac connexins Cx43 and Cx45: formation of diverse gap junction channels with diverse electrical properties."
    Desplantez T., Halliday D., Dupont E., Weingart R.
    Pflugers Arch 448:363-375(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell communication Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Intercellular communication via gap junctions in activated rat hepatic stellate cells."
    Fischer R., Reinehr R., Lu T.P., Schonicke A., Warskulat U., Dienes H.P., Haussinger D.
    Gastroenterology 128:433-448(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cell communication by chemical coupling Source: RGD
• cell communication by electrical coupling Source: RGD
• cellular protein localization Source: RGD
• cellular response to amyloid-beta Source: RGD
• cellular response to mechanical stimulus Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin 43 gene expression by cyclical mechanical stretch in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes."
    Wang T.L., Tseng Y.Z., Chang H.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 267:551-557(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Parathyroid hormone-induced up-regulation of connexin-43 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is mediated by sequences within both the promoter and the 3'untranslated region of the mRNA."
    Mitchell J.A., Ou C., Chen Z., Nishimura T., Lye S.J.
    Endocrinology 142:907-915(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to pH Source: RGD
• chronic inflammatory response Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Silencing the expression of connexin 43 decreases inflammation and joint destruction in experimental arthritis."
    Tsuchida S., Arai Y., Kishida T., Takahashi K.A., Honjo K., Terauchi R., Inoue H., Oda R., Mazda O., Kubo T.
    J Orthop Res 31:525-530(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• decidualization Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Rat endometrial stromal cells express the gap junction genes connexins 26 and 43 and form functional gap junctions during in vitro decidualization."
    Orlando-Mathur C.E., Bechberger J.F., Goldberg G.S., Naus C.C., Kidder G.M., Kennedy T.G.
    Biol Reprod 54:905-913(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic digit morphogenesis Source: RGD
• embryonic heart tube development Source: RGD
• endothelium development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Age-related alteration of gap junction distribution and connexin expression in rat aortic endothelium."
    Yeh H.I., Chang H.M., Lu W.W., Lee Y.N., Ko Y.S., Severs N.J., Tsai C.H.
    J Histochem Cytochem 48:1377-1389(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epididymis development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression of multiple connexins in the rat epididymis indicates a complex regulation of gap junctional communication."
    Dufresne J., Finnson K.W., Gregory M., Cyr D.G.
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284:C33-43(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epithelial cell maturation Source: RGD
• establishment of mitotic spindle orientation Source: RGD
• export across plasma membrane Source: RGD
• gap junction assembly Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Novel rab GAP-like protein, CIP85, interacts with connexin43 and induces its degradation."
    Lan Z., Kurata W.E., Martyn K.D., Jin C., Lau A.F.
    Biochemistry 44:2385-2396(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glutamate secretion Source: RGD
• heart development Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Developmental changes of connexin40 and connexin43 mRNA distribution patterns in the rat heart."
    Van Kempen M.J., Vermeulen J.L., Moorman A.F., Gros D., Paul D.L., Lamers W.H.
    Cardiovasc Res 32:886-900(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heart looping Source: RGD
• in utero embryonic development Source: RGD
• ion transmembrane transport Source: RGD
• lens development in camera-type eye Source: RGD
• maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Defining a minimal motif required to prevent connexin oligomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum."
    Maza J., Das Sarma J., Koval M.
    J Biol Chem 280:21115-21121(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• male gonad development Source: RGD
• microtubule-based transport Source: UniProtKB
• milk ejection reflex Source: RGD
• negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes by connexin43 knockdown via synergistic inactivation of p38 MAPK and increased expression of FGF1."
    Matsuyama D., Kawahara K.
    Basic Res Cardiol 104:631-642(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell growth Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.10

    "Connexin43 interacts with NOV: a possible mechanism for negative regulation of cell growth in choriocarcinoma cells."
    Gellhaus A., Dong X., Propson S., Maass K., Klein-Hitpass L., Kibschull M., Traub O., Willecke K., Perbal B., Lye S.J., Winterhager E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:36931-36942(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH NOV.
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The gap junction-independent tumor-suppressing effect of connexin 43."
    Zhang Y.W., Kaneda M., Morita I.
    J Biol Chem 278:44852-44856(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation of serine 262 in the gap junction protein connexin-43 regulates DNA synthesis in cell-cell contact forming cardiomyocytes."
    Doble B.W., Dang X., Ping P., Fandrich R.R., Nickel B.E., Jin Y., Cattini P.A., Kardami E.
    J. Cell Sci. 117:507-514(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo."
    Nakano Y., Oyamada M., Dai P., Nakagami T., Kinoshita S., Takamatsu T.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:93-104(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: RGD
• negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion Source: RGD
• negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration Source: RGD
• negative regulation of wound healing Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin43 knockdown accelerates wound healing but inhibits mesenchymal transition after corneal endothelial injury in vivo."
    Nakano Y., Oyamada M., Dai P., Nakagami T., Kinoshita S., Takamatsu T.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:93-104(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuron migration Source: RGD
• neuron projection morphogenesis Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Enhanced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells mediated by connexin hemichannels and ATP."
    Belliveau D.J., Bani-Yaghoub M., McGirr B., Naus C.C.G., Rushlow W.J.
    J Biol Chem 281:20920-20931(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• osteoblast differentiation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of behavioral fear response Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Release of gliotransmitters through astroglial connexin 43 hemichannels is necessary for fear memory consolidation in the basolateral amygdala."
    Stehberg J., Moraga-Amaro R., Salazar C., Becerra A., Echeverria C., Orellana J.A., Bultynck G., Ponsaerts R., Leybaert L., Simon F., Saez J.C., Retamal M.A.
    FASEB J 26:3649-3657(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Effects of connexin-mimetic peptides on gap junction functionality and connexin expression in cultured vascular cells."
    Martin P.E., Wall C., Griffith T.M.
    Br J Pharmacol 144:617-627(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Source: YuBioLab <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity<br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Connexin 43 Mediates White Adipose Tissue Beiging by Facilitating the Propagation of Sympathetic Neuronal Signals."
    Zhu Y., Gao Y., Tao C., Shao M., Zhao S., Huang W., Yao T., Johnson J.A., Liu T., Cypess A.M., Gupta O., Holland W.L., Gupta R.K., Spray D.C., Tanowitz H.B., Cao L., Lynes M.D., Tseng Y.H.

    , Elmquist J.K., Williams K.W., Lin H.V., Scherer P.E.
    Cell Metab 24:420-433(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Regulatory effect of connexin 43 on basal Ca2+ signaling in rat ventricular myocytes."
    Li C., Meng Q., Yu X., Jing X., Xu P., Luo D.
    PLoS One 7:e36165-e36165(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: RGD
• positive regulation of glomerular filtration Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Expression and role of connexins in the rat renal vasculature."
    Takenaka T., Inoue T., Kanno Y., Okada H., Meaney K.R., Hill C.E., Suzuki H.
    Kidney Int 73:415-422(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of insulin secretion Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hypothalamic astroglial connexins are required for brain glucose sensing-induced insulin secretion."
    Allard C., Carneiro L., Grall S., Cline B.H., Fioramonti X., Chretien C., Baba-Aissa F., Giaume C., Penicaud L., Leloup C.
    J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34:339-346(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium Source: RGD
• positive regulation of protein catabolic process Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The gap junction-independent tumor-suppressing effect of connexin 43."
    Zhang Y.W., Kaneda M., Morita I.
    J Biol Chem 278:44852-44856(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of stem cell proliferation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development Source: RGD
• positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of vasoconstriction Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Role of the gap junctions in the contractile response to agonists in pulmonary artery from two rat models of pulmonary hypertension."
    Billaud M., Dahan D., Marthan R., Savineau J.P., Guibert C.
    Respir Res 12:30-30(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin 43 confers resistance to hydrogen peroxide-mediated apoptosis."
    Giardina S.F., Mikami M., Goubaeva F., Yang J.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362:747-752(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization Source: RGD
• regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin 43 and plakophilin-2 as a protein complex that regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics."
    Li M.W., Mruk D.D., Lee W.M., Cheng C.Y.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:10213-10218(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of bone mineralization Source: RGD
• regulation of bone remodeling Source: RGD
• regulation of calcium ion transport Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin 43 mediates spread of Ca2+-dependent proinflammatory responses in lung capillaries."
    Parthasarathi K., Ichimura H., Monma E., Lindert J., Quadri S., Issekutz A., Bhattacharya J.
    J Clin Invest 116:2193-2200(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Gap junction channels formed by coexpressed connexin40 and connexin43."
    Valiunas V., Gemel J., Brink P.R., Beyer E.C.
    Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H1675-89(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of heart contraction Source: RGD
• regulation of transmembrane transporter activity Source: CAFAInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Modifications in the biophysical properties of connexin43 channels by a peptide of the cytoplasmic loop region."
    Seki A., Duffy H.S., Coombs W., Spray D.C., Taffet S.M., Delmar M.
    Circ Res 95:e22-8(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization Source: RGD
• regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization Source: RGD
• response to estradiol Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "MicroRNA-23a participates in estrogen deficiency induced gap junction remodeling of rats by targeting GJA1."
    Wang N., Sun L.Y., Zhang S.C., Wei R., Xie F., Liu J., Yan Y., Duan M.J., Sun L.L., Sun Y.H., Niu H.F., Zhang R., Ai J.
    Int J Biol Sci 11:390-403(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to fluid shear stress Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Shear stress-induced upregulation of connexin 43 expression in endothelial cells on upstream surfaces of rat cardiac valves."
    Inai T., Mancuso M.R., McDonald D.M., Kobayashi J., Nakamura K., Shibata Y.
    Histochem Cell Biol 122:477-483(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to glucose Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Reduced gap junctional communication among astrocytes in experimental diabetes: contributions of altered connexin protein levels and oxidative-nitrosative modifications."
    Ball K.K., Harik L., Gandhi G.K., Cruz N.F., Dienel G.A.
    J Neurosci Res 89:2052-2067(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to ischemia Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Urinary bladder mucosal responses to ischemia."
    Sunagawa M., Wolf-Johnston A., Nomiya M., Sawada N., Andersson K.E., Hisamitsu T., Birder L.A.
    World J Urol 33:275-280(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Interruption of hepatic gap junctional communication in the rat during inflammation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide."
    De Maio A., Gingalewski C., Theodorakis N.G., Clemens M.G.
    Shock 14:53-59(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to peptide hormone Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Parathyroid hormone-related protein treatment of pregnant rats delays the increase in connexin 43 and oxytocin receptor expression in the myometrium."
    Mitchell J.A., Ting T.C., Wong S., Mitchell B.F., Lye S.J.
    Biol Reprod 69:556-562(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to pH Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification."
    Duffy H.S., Ashton A.W., O'Donnell P., Coombs W., Taffet S.M., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    Circ Res 94:215-222(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to retinoic acid Source: RGDInferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Modulation of gap junction expression during transient hyperplasia of rat epidermis."
    Risek B., Pozzi A., Gilula N.B.
    J Cell Sci 111:1395-1404(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signal transduction Source: RGD
• skeletal muscle tissue regeneration Source: RGD
• spermatogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• T cell activation Source: RGD
• T cell proliferation Source: RGD
• transmembrane transport Source: CAFAInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Modifications in the biophysical properties of connexin43 channels by a peptide of the cytoplasmic loop region."
    Seki A., Duffy H.S., Coombs W., Spray D.C., Taffet S.M., Delmar M.
    Circ Res 95:e22-8(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vascular transport Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Connexin 43 mediates spread of Ca2+-dependent proinflammatory responses in lung capillaries."
    Parthasarathi K., Ichimura H., Monma E., Lindert J., Quadri S., Issekutz A., Bhattacharya J.
    J Clin Invest 116:2193-2200(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vasodilation Source: RGDInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Role of gap junctions in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasodilatation in rat renal artery."
    Karagiannis J., Rand M., Li C.G.
    Acta Pharmacol Sin 25:1031-1037(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• xenobiotic transport Source: RGD

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Topology

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• beta-catenin binding Source: RGD
• beta-tubulin binding Source: RGD
• connexin binding Source: RGDInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Gap junction channels formed by coexpressed connexin40 and connexin43."
    Valiunas V., Gemel J., Brink P.R., Beyer E.C.
    Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H1675-89(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• disordered domain specific binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Characterization of the structure and intermolecular interactions between the connexin40 and connexin43 carboxyl-terminal and cytoplasmic loop domains."
    Bouvier D., Spagnol G., Chenavas S., Kieken F., Vitrac H., Brownell S., Kellezi A., Forge V., Sorgen P.L.
    J Biol Chem 284:34257-34271(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• PDZ domain binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification."
    Duffy H.S., Ashton A.W., O'Donnell P., Coombs W., Taffet S.M., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    Circ Res 94:215-222(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.17

    "Structural changes in the carboxyl terminus of the gap junction protein connexin43 indicates signaling between binding domains for c-Src and zonula occludens-1."
    Sorgen P.L., Duffy H.S., Sahoo P., Coombs W., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:54695-54701(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 255-381, INTERACTION WITH TJP1 AND SRC.
• protein domain specific binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Molecular dynamics and in vitro analysis of Connexin43: A new 14-3-3 mode-1 interacting protein."
    Park D.J., Freitas T.A., Wallick C.J., Guyette C.V., Warn-Cramer B.J.
    Protein Sci 15:2344-2355(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein tyrosine kinase binding Source: RGD
• scaffold protein binding Source: RGD
• SH3 domain binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification."
    Duffy H.S., Ashton A.W., O'Donnell P., Coombs W., Taffet S.M., Delmar M., Spray D.C.
    Circ Res 94:215-222(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: RGD
• tubulin binding Source: UniProtKB

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MGDWSALGKL LDKVQAYSTA GGKVWLSVLF IFRILLLGTA VESAWGDEQS 
        60         70         80         90        100
AFRCNTQQPG CENVCYDKSF PISHVRFWVL QIIFVSVPTL LYLAHVFYVM 
       110        120        130        140        150
RKEEKLNKKE EELKVAQTDG VNVEMHLKQI EIKKFKYGIE EHGKVKMRGG 
       160        170        180        190        200
LLRTYIISIL FKSVFEVAFL LIQWYIYGFS LSAVYTCKRD PCPHQVDCFL 
       210        220        230        240        250
SRPTEKTIFI IFMLVVSLVS LALNIIELFY VFFKGVKDRV KGRSDPYHAT 
       260        270        280        290        300
TGPLSPSKDC GSPKYAYFNG CSSPTAPLSP MSPPGYKLVT GDRNNSSCRN 
       310        320        330        340        350
YNKQASEQNW ANYSAEQNRM GQAGSTISNS HAQPFDFPDD NQNAKKVAAG 
       360        370        380 
HELQPLAIVD QRPSSRASSR ASSRPRPDDL EI                    

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families