Pro-glucagon

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• glucagon receptor binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor activation in the rat intestinal mucosa."
    Walsh N.A., Yusta B., DaCambra M.P., Anini Y., Drucker D.J., Brubaker P.L.
    Endocrinology 144:4385-4392(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor activation in the rat intestinal mucosa."
    Walsh N.A., Yusta B., DaCambra M.P., Anini Y., Drucker D.J., Brubaker P.L.
    Endocrinology 144:4385-4392(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: RGD

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGD
• adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor activation in the rat intestinal mucosa."
    Walsh N.A., Yusta B., DaCambra M.P., Anini Y., Drucker D.J., Brubaker P.L.
    Endocrinology 144:4385-4392(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glucose homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: RGD
• negative regulation of appetite Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Estradiol increases glucagon's satiating potency in ovariectomized rats."
    Geary N., Asarian L.
    Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281:R1290-4(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Source: RGD
• negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: RGD
• positive regulation of calcium ion import Source: RGD
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: RGD
• positive regulation of gluconeogenesis Source: RGD
• positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus Source: RGD
• positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation Source: RGD
• positive regulation of protein binding Source: RGD
• positive regulation of protein kinase activity Source: RGD
• protein kinase A signaling Source: RGD
• protein metabolic process Source: RGD <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary deoxyribonucleic acid."
    Heinrich G., Gros P., Lund P.K., Bentley R.C., Habener J.F.
    Endocrinology 115:2176-2181(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
• regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Source: RGDTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary deoxyribonucleic acid."
    Heinrich G., Gros P., Lund P.K., Bentley R.C., Habener J.F.
    Endocrinology 115:2176-2181(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: RGDTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary deoxyribonucleic acid."
    Heinrich G., Gros P., Lund P.K., Bentley R.C., Habener J.F.
    Endocrinology 115:2176-2181(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
• response to activity Source: UniProtKB
• response to L-arginine Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Suppression of synthesis and release of glucagon by glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) without affect on mRNA level in isolated rat islets."
    Yamato E., Noma Y., Tahara Y., Ikegami H., Yamamoto Y., Cha T., Yoneda H., Ogihara T., Ohboshi C., Hirota M.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 167:431-437(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• glucagon receptor binding Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor activation in the rat intestinal mucosa."
    Walsh N.A., Yusta B., DaCambra M.P., Anini Y., Drucker D.J., Brubaker P.L.
    Endocrinology 144:4385-4392(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• hormone activity Source: RGDInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor activation in the rat intestinal mucosa."
    Walsh N.A., Yusta B., DaCambra M.P., Anini Y., Drucker D.J., Brubaker P.L.
    Endocrinology 144:4385-4392(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: RGD

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MKTVYIVAGL FVMLVQGSWQ HAPQDTEENA RSFPASQTEP LEDPDQINED 
        60         70         80         90        100
KRHSQGTFTS DYSKYLDSRR AQDFVQWLMN TKRNRNNIAK RHDEFERHAE 
       110        120        130        140        150
GTFTSDVSSY LEGQAAKEFI AWLVKGRGRR DFPEEVAIAE ELGRRHADGS 
       160        170        180
FSDEMNTILD NLATRDFINW LIQTKITDKK                       

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families