Tumor necrosis factor

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11588035
  • 11894098
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• protease binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • 12135759
• transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: MGI
• tumor necrosis factor receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11588035

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 16183742
• activation of MAPK activity Source: MGI
• activation of MAPKKK activity Source: MGI
• animal organ morphogenesis Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 8879212
• apoptotic process Source: MGI
• apoptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 15629131
  • 8208546
• calcium-mediated signaling Source: MGI
• cell activation Source: MGI
• cell proliferation Source: MGI <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • 7636227
• cellular extravasation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 10528208
• cellular response to amino acid stimulus Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 20548288
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 19047410
  • 20060382
  • 21606371
  • 8043507
• cellular response to nicotine Source: MGI
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: MGI
• chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: MGI
• cortical actin cytoskeleton organization Source: MGI
• defense response Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 8395024
  • 9223320
• defense response to bacterium Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 10899905
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 9834074
• detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain Source: MGI
• embryonic digestive tract development Source: Ensembl
• endothelial cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26808574
• epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11241200
• extracellular matrix organization Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 15381731
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 19498109
  • 22089168
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 12431371
  • 20080598
• glucose metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12068289
• humoral immune response Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 8879212
• inflammatory response Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 21148126
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 17242187
• JNK cascade Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 17015619
• leukocyte migration Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 15034066
• leukocyte tethering or rolling Source: MGI
• lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGI
• MAPK cascade Source: MGI
• multicellular organism development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 9368616
• necroptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 19498109
  • 21052097
  • 21368763
  • 22037414
• negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 21689636
• negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly Source: MGI
• negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis Source: MGI
• negative regulation of cell proliferation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response Source: MGI
• negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26808574
• negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: MGI
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26427354
• negative regulation of glucose import Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12068289
• negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 9834074
• negative regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: MGI
• negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane Source: MGI
• negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: MGI
• negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26808574
• negative regulation of myelination Source: MGI
• negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 23844157
• negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity Source: MGI
• negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 21689636
• negative regulation of protein complex disassembly Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 21689636
• negative regulation of viral genome replication Source: MGI
• osteoclast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 15485831
• positive regulation of action potential Source: MGI
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of blood microparticle formation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell adhesion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell proliferation Source: MGITraceable author statementⁱ
  • 8171322
• positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 9834074
• positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cytokine production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cytokine secretion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of fever generation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 19940926
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: MGI
• positive regulation of hair follicle development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 16702408
• positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26808574
• positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 9834074
• positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12867038
  • 16260493
  • 22089168
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • 9834074
• positive regulation of interleukin-18 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11894098
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of JNK cascade Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 16260493
  • 20080598
• positive regulation of JUN kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell Source: MGI
• positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell Source: MGI
• positive regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: MGI
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • 21689636
• positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of podosome assembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of programmed cell death Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein catabolic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein complex assembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein complex disassembly Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of protein kinase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 20080598
• positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of protein transport Source: MGI
• positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of synaptic transmission Source: MGI
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12761567
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 17670746
  • 19404405
  • 9305915
• positive regulation of translational initiation by iron Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11588035
• positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 26808574
• positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• protein import into nucleus, translocation Source: MGI
• protein kinase B signaling Source: MGI
• protein localization to plasma membrane Source: MGI
• receptor biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11241200
• regulation of cell proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11799106
• regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier Source: MGI
• regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGI
• regulation of immunoglobulin secretion Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12958312
• regulation of inflammatory response Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 24349514
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: MGI
• regulation of osteoclast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 12490655
• regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 15169905
  • 24349514
• regulation of protein secretion Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 19293336
• regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 21052097
• response to glucocorticoid Source: MGI
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGI
• response to organic substance Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 17475835
• response to virus Source: MGI
• sequestering of triglyceride Source: MGI
• signal transduction Source: MGI
• toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway Source: MGI
• tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 3898078

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11588035
  • 11894098
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• protease binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • 12135759
• tumor necrosis factor receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • 11588035

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is <p>In eukaryotic reference proteomes, unreviewed entries that are likely to belong to the same gene are computationally mapped, based on gene identifiers from Ensembl, EnsemblGenomes and model organism databases.<p><a href='/help/gene_centric_isoform_mapping' target='_top'>More...</a></p>computationally mapped.ⁱShow all

        10         20         30         40         50
MSTESMIRDV ELAEEALPQK MGGFQNSRRC LCLSLFSFLL VAGATTLFCL 
        60         70         80         90        100
LNFGVIGPQR DEKFPNGLPL ISSMAQTLTL RSSSQNSSDK PVAHVVANHQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
VEEQLEWLSQ RANALLANGM DLKDNQLVVP ADGLYLVYSQ VLFKGQGCPD 
       160        170        180        190        200
YVLLTHTVSR FAISYQEKVN LLSAVKSPCP KDTPEGAELK PWYEPIYLGG 
       210        220        230 
VFQLEKGDQL SAEVNLPKYL DFAESGQVYF GVIAL                 

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ