Tumor necrosis factor

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome."
    Carballo E., Blackshear P.J.
    Blood 98:2389-2395(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems."
    Kobayashi K., Inohara N., Hernandez L.D., Galan J.E., Nunez G., Janeway C.A., Medzhitov R., Flavell R.A.
    Nature 416:194-199(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• protease binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The enzymatic activity of ADAM8 and ADAM9 is not regulated by TIMPs."
    Amour A., Knight C.G., English W.R., Webster A., Slocombe P.M., Knauper V., Docherty A.J., Becherer J.D., Blobel C.P., Murphy G.
    FEBS Lett. 524:154-158(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: MGI
• tumor necrosis factor receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome."
    Carballo E., Blackshear P.J.
    Blood 98:2389-2395(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apoptosis caused by p53-induced protein with death domain (PIDD) depends on the death adapter protein RAIDD."
    Berube C., Boucher L.M., Ma W., Wakeham A., Salmena L., Hakem R., Yeh W.C., Mak T.W., Benchimol S.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:14314-14320(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• activation of MAPK activity Source: MGI
• activation of MAPKKK activity Source: MGI
• animal organ morphogenesis Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Immune and inflammatory responses in TNF alpha-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNF alpha in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response."
    Pasparakis M., Alexopoulou L., Episkopou V., Kollias G.
    J. Exp. Med. 184:1397-1411(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic process Source: MGI
• apoptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a small-size peptide Zfra that regulates the cytotoxic function of tumor necrosis factor by interacting with JNK1."
    Hsu L.J., Schultz L., Mattison J., Lin Y.S., Chang N.S.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327:415-423(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Differential sensitivity of normal and Ha-ras-transformed C3H mouse embryo fibroblasts to tumor necrosis factor: induction of bcl-2, c-myc, and manganese superoxide dismutase in resistant cells."
    Fernandez A., Marin M.C., McDonnell T., Ananthaswamy H.N.
    Oncogene 9:2009-2017(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• calcium-mediated signaling Source: MGI
• cell activation Source: MGI
• cellular extravasation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Relative contribution of LFA-1 and Mac-1 to neutrophil adhesion and migration."
    Ding Z.M., Babensee J.E., Simon S.I., Lu H., Perrard J.L., Bullard D.C., Dai X.Y., Bromley S.K., Dustin M.L., Entman M.L., Smith C.W., Ballantyne C.M.
    J. Immunol. 163:5029-5038(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to amino acid stimulus Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Difference in expression of hepatic microRNAs miR-29c, miR-34a, miR-155, and miR-200b is associated with strain-specific susceptibility to dietary nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice."
    Pogribny I.P., Starlard-Davenport A., Tryndyak V.P., Han T., Ross S.A., Rusyn I., Beland F.A.
    Lab. Invest. 90:1437-1446(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent inhibition of dendritic cell interleukin-12 production by Giardia lamblia."
    Kamda J.D., Singer S.M.
    Infect. Immun. 77:685-693(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 signaling pathway inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells."
    Gu H., Cui M., Bai Y., Chen F., Ma K., Zhou C., Guo L.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 392:178-182(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Glucocorticoids target suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and type 1 interferons to regulate Toll-like receptor-induced STAT1 activation."
    Bhattacharyya S., Zhao Y., Kay T.W., Muglia L.J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108:9554-9559(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Critical role of AZI2 in GM-CSF-induced dendritic cell differentiation."
    Fukasaka M., Ori D., Kawagoe T., Uematsu S., Maruyama K., Okazaki T., Kozaki T., Imamura T., Tartey S., Mino T., Satoh T., Akira S., Takeuchi O.
    J. Immunol. 190:5702-5711(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to nicotine Source: MGI
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: MGI
• chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: MGI
• cortical actin cytoskeleton organization Source: MGI
• defense response Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Mice lacking the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes."
    Rothe J., Lesslauer W., Lotscher H., Lang Y., Koebel P., Kontgen F., Althage A., Zinkernagel R., Steinmetz M., Bluethmann H.
    Nature 364:798-802(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Characterization of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice."
    Marino M.W., Dunn A., Grail D., Inglese M., Noguchi Y., Richards E., Jungbluth A., Wada H., Moore M., Williamson B., Basu S., Old L.J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94:8093-8098(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to bacterium Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A macrophage invasion mechanism for mycobacteria implicating the extracellular domain of CD43."
    Fratazzi C., Manjunath N., Arbeit R.D., Carini C., Gerken T.A., Ardman B., Remold-O'Donnell E., Remold H.G.
    J. Exp. Med. 192:183-192(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha double-mutant mice resist septic arthritis but display increased mortality in response to Staphylococcus aureus."
    Hultgren O., Eugster H.P., Sedgwick J.D., Korner H., Tarkowski A.
    J. Immunol. 161:5937-5942(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain Source: MGI
• embryonic digestive tract development Source: Ensembl
• endothelial cell apoptotic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10 Accelerates Re-Endothelialization and Inhibits Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia following Carotid Artery Denudation."
    Verma S.K., Garikipati V.N., Krishnamurthy P., Khan M., Thorne T., Qin G., Losordo D.W., Kishore R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0147615-e0147615(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Embryonic mouse submandibular salivary gland morphogenesis and the TNF/TNF-R1 signal transduction pathway."
    Melnick M., Chen H., Zhou Y., Jaskoll T.
    Anat. Rec. 262:318-330(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extracellular matrix organization Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells construct the stromal reticulum via contact with lymphocytes."
    Katakai T., Hara T., Sugai M., Gonda H., Shimizu A.
    J. Exp. Med. 200:783-795(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis."
    Zhang D.W., Shao J., Lin J., Zhang N., Lu B.J., Lin S.C., Dong M.Q., Han J.
    Science 325:332-336(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 cells is tightly regulated by multiple TNFR1 complex I and II members."
    Vanlangenakker N., Bertrand M.J., Bogaert P., Vandenabeele P., Vanden Berghe T.
    Cell Death Dis 2:e230-e230(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Survival factor-mediated BAD phosphorylation raises the mitochondrial threshold for apoptosis."
    Datta S.R., Ranger A.M., Lin M.Z., Sturgill J.F., Ma Y.C., Cowan C.W., Dikkes P., Korsmeyer S.J., Greenberg M.E.
    Dev. Cell 3:631-643(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Mammalian Mst1 and Mst2 kinases play essential roles in organ size control and tumor suppression."
    Song H., Mak K.K., Topol L., Yun K., Hu J., Garrett L., Chen Y., Park O., Chang J., Simpson R.M., Wang C.Y., Gao B., Jiang J., Yang Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:1431-1436(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• glucose metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30."
    Maeda N., Shimomura I., Kishida K., Nishizawa H., Matsuda M., Nagaretani H., Furuyama N., Kondo H., Takahashi M., Arita Y., Komuro R., Ouchi N., Kihara S., Tochino Y., Okutomi K., Horie M., Takeda S., Aoyama T., Funahashi T., Matsuzawa Y.
    Nat. Med. 8:731-737(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• humoral immune response Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Immune and inflammatory responses in TNF alpha-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNF alpha in the formation of primary B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response."
    Pasparakis M., Alexopoulou L., Episkopou V., Kollias G.
    J. Exp. Med. 184:1397-1411(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• inflammatory response Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Gene from a psoriasis susceptibility locus primes the skin for inflammation."
    Wolf R., Mascia F., Dharamsi A., Howard O.M., Cataisson C., Bliskovski V., Winston J., Feigenbaum L., Lichti U., Ruzicka T., Chavakis T., Yuspa S.H.
    Sci Transl Med 2:61ra90-61ra90(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "p85alpha acts as a novel signal transducer for mediation of cellular apoptotic response to UV radiation."
    Song L., Li J., Ye J., Yu G., Ding J., Zhang D., Ouyang W., Dong Z., Kim S.O., Huang C.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:2713-2731(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• JNK cascade Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Role of FIP200 in cardiac and liver development and its regulation of TNFalpha and TSC-mTOR signaling pathways."
    Gan B., Peng X., Nagy T., Alcaraz A., Gu H., Guan J.L.
    J. Cell Biol. 175:121-133(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• leukocyte migration Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Neutrophil elastase (NE)-deficient mice demonstrate a nonredundant role for NE in neutrophil migration, generation of proinflammatory mediators, and phagocytosis in response to zymosan particles in vivo."
    Young R.E., Thompson R.D., Larbi K.Y., La M., Roberts C.E., Shapiro S.D., Perretti M., Nourshargh S.
    J. Immunol. 172:4493-4502(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• leukocyte tethering or rolling Source: MGI
• lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGI
• MAPK cascade Source: MGI
• microglial cell activation Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The microRNA miR-181c controls microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis by suppressing tumor necrosis factor."
    Zhang L., Dong L.Y., Li Y.J., Hong Z., Wei W.S.
    J Neuroinflammation 9:211-211(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• multicellular organism development Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Distinct roles for lymphotoxin-alpha and tumor necrosis factor in organogenesis and spatial organization of lymphoid tissue."
    Korner H., Cook M., Riminton D.S., Lemckert F.A., Hoek R.M., Ledermann B., Kontgen F., Fazekas de St Groth B., Sedgwick J.D.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 27:2600-2609(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• necroptotic signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis."
    Zhang D.W., Shao J., Lin J., Zhang N., Lu B.J., Lin S.C., Dong M.Q., Han J.
    Science 325:332-336(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "cIAP1 and TAK1 protect cells from TNF-induced necrosis by preventing RIP1/RIP3-dependent reactive oxygen species production."
    Vanlangenakker N., Vanden Berghe T., Bogaert P., Laukens B., Zobel K., Deshayes K., Vucic D., Fulda S., Vandenabeele P., Bertrand M.J.
    Cell Death Differ. 18:656-665(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis."
    Oberst A., Dillon C.P., Weinlich R., McCormick L.L., Fitzgerald P., Pop C., Hakem R., Salvesen G.S., Green D.R.
    Nature 471:363-367(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Caspase 8 inhibits programmed necrosis by processing CYLD."
    O'Donnell M.A., Perez-Jimenez E., Oberst A., Ng A., Massoumi R., Xavier R., Green D.R., Ting A.T.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 13:1437-1442(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression of POEM, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is suppressed by TNF-alpha."
    Tsukasaki M., Yamada A., Suzuki D., Aizawa R., Miyazono A., Miyamoto Y., Suzawa T., Takami M., Yoshimura K., Morimura N., Yamamoto M., Kamijo R.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 410:766-770(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulate amyloid-beta plaque deposition and beta-secretase expression in Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice."
    Yamamoto M., Kiyota T., Horiba M., Buescher J.L., Walsh S.M., Gendelman H.E., Ikezu T.
    Am. J. Pathol. 170:680-692(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly Source: MGI
• negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis Source: MGI
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response Source: MGI
• negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10 Accelerates Re-Endothelialization and Inhibits Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia following Carotid Artery Denudation."
    Verma S.K., Garikipati V.N., Krishnamurthy P., Khan M., Thorne T., Qin G., Losordo D.W., Kishore R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0147615-e0147615(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: MGI
• negative regulation of fat cell differentiation Source: MGI
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression, regulation and functional assessment of the 80 amino acid Small Adipocyte Factor 1 (Smaf1) protein in adipocytes."
    Ren G., Eskandari P., Wang S., Smas C.M.
    Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 590:27-36(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glucose import Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30."
    Maeda N., Shimomura I., Kishida K., Nishizawa H., Matsuda M., Nagaretani H., Furuyama N., Kondo H., Takahashi M., Arita Y., Komuro R., Ouchi N., Kihara S., Tochino Y., Okutomi K., Horie M., Takeda S., Aoyama T., Funahashi T., Matsuzawa Y.
    Nat. Med. 8:731-737(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: MGI
• negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane Source: MGI
• negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: MGI
• negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10 Accelerates Re-Endothelialization and Inhibits Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia following Carotid Artery Denudation."
    Verma S.K., Garikipati V.N., Krishnamurthy P., Khan M., Thorne T., Qin G., Losordo D.W., Kishore R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0147615-e0147615(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of myelination Source: MGI
• negative regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "RNAi screen reveals potentially novel roles of cytokines in myoblast differentiation."
    Ge Y., Waldemer R.J., Nalluri R., Nuzzi P.D., Chen J.
    PLoS ONE 8:e68068-e68068(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity Source: MGI
• negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression of POEM, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is suppressed by TNF-alpha."
    Tsukasaki M., Yamada A., Suzuki D., Aizawa R., Miyazono A., Miyamoto Y., Suzawa T., Takami M., Yoshimura K., Morimura N., Yamamoto M., Kamijo R.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 410:766-770(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of protein complex disassembly Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGI
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression of POEM, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is suppressed by TNF-alpha."
    Tsukasaki M., Yamada A., Suzuki D., Aizawa R., Miyazono A., Miyamoto Y., Suzawa T., Takami M., Yoshimura K., Morimura N., Yamamoto M., Kamijo R.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 410:766-770(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of viral genome replication Source: MGI
• osteoclast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Osteoclast differentiation is impaired in the absence of inhibitor of kappa B kinase alpha."
    Chaisson M.L., Branstetter D.G., Derry J.M., Armstrong A.P., Tometsko M.E., Takeda K., Akira S., Dougall W.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:54841-54848(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of action potential Source: MGI
• positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulate amyloid-beta plaque deposition and beta-secretase expression in Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice."
    Yamamoto M., Kiyota T., Horiba M., Buescher J.L., Walsh S.M., Gendelman H.E., Ikezu T.
    Am. J. Pathol. 170:680-692(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of blood microparticle formation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell adhesion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs in mice deficient in lymphotoxin."
    De Togni P., Goellner J., Ruddle N.H., Streeter P.R., Fick A., Mariathasan S., Smith S.C., Carlson R., Shornick L.P., Strauss-Schoenberger J.
    Science 264:703-707(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chemokine secretion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha double-mutant mice resist septic arthritis but display increased mortality in response to Staphylococcus aureus."
    Hultgren O., Eugster H.P., Sedgwick J.D., Korner H., Tarkowski A.
    J. Immunol. 161:5937-5942(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cytokine production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of cytokine secretion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of fever generation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Central control of fever and female body temperature by RANKL/RANK."
    Hanada R., Leibbrandt A., Hanada T., Kitaoka S., Furuyashiki T., Fujihara H., Trichereau J., Paolino M., Qadri F., Plehm R., Klaere S., Komnenovic V., Mimata H., Yoshimatsu H., Takahashi N., von Haeseler A., Bader M., Kilic S.S.

    , Ueta Y., Pifl C., Narumiya S., Penninger J.M.
    Nature 462:505-509(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulate amyloid-beta plaque deposition and beta-secretase expression in Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice."
    Yamamoto M., Kiyota T., Horiba M., Buescher J.L., Walsh S.M., Gendelman H.E., Ikezu T.
    Am. J. Pathol. 170:680-692(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "IL-4-induced selective clearance of oligomeric beta-amyloid peptide(1-42) by rat primary type 2 microglia."
    Shimizu E., Kawahara K., Kajizono M., Sawada M., Nakayama H.
    J. Immunol. 181:6503-6513(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of hair follicle development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Keratin 17 modulates hair follicle cycling in a TNFalpha-dependent fashion."
    Tong X., Coulombe P.A.
    Genes Dev. 20:1353-1364(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10 Accelerates Re-Endothelialization and Inhibits Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia following Carotid Artery Denudation."
    Verma S.K., Garikipati V.N., Krishnamurthy P., Khan M., Thorne T., Qin G., Losordo D.W., Kishore R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0147615-e0147615(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha double-mutant mice resist septic arthritis but display increased mortality in response to Staphylococcus aureus."
    Hultgren O., Eugster H.P., Sedgwick J.D., Korner H., Tarkowski A.
    J. Immunol. 161:5937-5942(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Requirement for CARMA1 in antigen receptor-induced NF-kappa B activation and lymphocyte proliferation."
    Egawa T., Albrecht B., Favier B., Sunshine M.J., Mirchandani K., O'Brien W., Thome M., Littman D.R.
    Curr. Biol. 13:1252-1258(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo."
    Shim J.H., Xiao C., Paschal A.E., Bailey S.T., Rao P., Hayden M.S., Lee K.Y., Bussey C., Steckel M., Tanaka N., Yamada G., Akira S., Matsumoto K., Ghosh S.
    Genes Dev. 19:2668-2681(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 cells is tightly regulated by multiple TNFR1 complex I and II members."
    Vanlangenakker N., Bertrand M.J., Bogaert P., Vandenabeele P., Vanden Berghe T.
    Cell Death Dis 2:e230-e230(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: MGIInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "TNF/lymphotoxin-alpha double-mutant mice resist septic arthritis but display increased mortality in response to Staphylococcus aureus."
    Hultgren O., Eugster H.P., Sedgwick J.D., Korner H., Tarkowski A.
    J. Immunol. 161:5937-5942(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-18 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems."
    Kobayashi K., Inohara N., Hernandez L.D., Galan J.E., Nunez G., Janeway C.A., Medzhitov R., Flavell R.A.
    Nature 416:194-199(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: MGI
• positive regulation of JNK cascade Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "TAK1, but not TAB1 or TAB2, plays an essential role in multiple signaling pathways in vivo."
    Shim J.H., Xiao C., Paschal A.E., Bailey S.T., Rao P., Hayden M.S., Lee K.Y., Bussey C., Steckel M., Tanaka N., Yamada G., Akira S., Matsumoto K., Ghosh S.
    Genes Dev. 19:2668-2681(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Mammalian Mst1 and Mst2 kinases play essential roles in organ size control and tumor suppression."
    Song H., Mak K.K., Topol L., Yun K., Hu J., Garrett L., Chen Y., Park O., Chang J., Simpson R.M., Wang C.Y., Gao B., Jiang J., Yang Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:1431-1436(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of JUN kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell Source: MGI
• positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell Source: MGI
• positive regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: MGI
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The microRNA miR-181c controls microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis by suppressing tumor necrosis factor."
    Zhang L., Dong L.Y., Li Y.J., Hong Z., Wei W.S.
    J Neuroinflammation 9:211-211(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Expression of POEM, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is suppressed by TNF-alpha."
    Tsukasaki M., Yamada A., Suzuki D., Aizawa R., Miyazono A., Miyamoto Y., Suzawa T., Takami M., Yoshimura K., Morimura N., Yamamoto M., Kamijo R.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 410:766-770(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Activation of microglial cells by beta-amyloid protein and interferon-gamma."
    Meda L., Cassatella M.A., Szendrei G.I., Otvos L. Jr., Baron P., Villalba M., Ferrari D., Rossi F.
    Nature 374:647-650(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: MGI
• positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: MGI
• positive regulation of podosome assembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of programmed cell death Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein catabolic process Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein complex assembly Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein complex disassembly Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of protein kinase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Mammalian Mst1 and Mst2 kinases play essential roles in organ size control and tumor suppression."
    Song H., Mak K.K., Topol L., Yun K., Hu J., Garrett L., Chen Y., Park O., Chang J., Simpson R.M., Wang C.Y., Gao B., Jiang J., Yang Y.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:1431-1436(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface Source: MGI
• positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha."
    Stellwagen D., Malenka R.C.
    Nature 440:1054-1059(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of protein transport Source: MGI
• positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: MGI
• positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: MGI
• positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity Source: MGI
• positive regulation of synaptic transmission Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha."
    Stellwagen D., Malenka R.C.
    Nature 440:1054-1059(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Identification, structural characterization, and tissue distribution of Tsg-5: a new TNF-stimulated gene."
    Abrantes E.F., Pires E.G., Carvalho A.F., Costa F.F., Savino W., Reis L.F.
    Genes Immun. 4:298-311(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "High glucose increases angiopoietin-2 transcription in microvascular endothelial cells through methylglyoxal modification of mSin3A."
    Yao D., Taguchi T., Matsumura T., Pestell R., Edelstein D., Giardino I., Suske G., Rabbani N., Thornalley P.J., Sarthy V.P., Hammes H.P., Brownlee M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:31038-31045(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Angiotensin-(1-7) and the g protein-coupled receptor MAS are key players in renal inflammation."
    Esteban V., Heringer-Walther S., Sterner-Kock A., de Bruin R., van den Engel S., Wang Y., Mezzano S., Egido J., Schultheiss H.P., Ruiz-Ortega M., Walther T.
    PLoS ONE 4:e5406-e5406(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Differential regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha of beta1-, beta2-, and beta3-adrenoreceptor gene expression in 3T3-F442A adipocytes."
    Hadri K.E., Courtalon A., Gauthereau X., Chambaut-Guerin A.M., Pairault J., Feve B.
    J. Biol. Chem. 272:24514-24521(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of translational initiation by iron Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome."
    Carballo E., Blackshear P.J.
    Blood 98:2389-2395(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein Source: MGI
• positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-10 Accelerates Re-Endothelialization and Inhibits Post-Injury Intimal Hyperplasia following Carotid Artery Denudation."
    Verma S.K., Garikipati V.N., Krishnamurthy P., Khan M., Thorne T., Qin G., Losordo D.W., Kishore R.
    PLoS ONE 11:e0147615-e0147615(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• protein kinase B signaling Source: MGI
• protein localization to plasma membrane Source: MGI
• receptor biosynthetic process Source: MGI
• regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Embryonic mouse submandibular salivary gland morphogenesis and the TNF/TNF-R1 signal transduction pathway."
    Melnick M., Chen H., Zhou Y., Jaskoll T.
    Anat. Rec. 262:318-330(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The non-ankyrin C terminus of Ikappa Balpha physically interacts with p53 in vivo and dissociates in response to apoptotic stress, hypoxia, DNA damage, and transforming growth factor-beta 1-mediated growth suppression."
    Chang N.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:10323-10331(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process Source: MGI
• regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier Source: MGI
• regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: MGI
• regulation of immunoglobulin secretion Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-deficient B lymphocytes reveal novel roles for TRAF2 in CD40 signaling."
    Hostager B.S., Haxhinasto S.A., Rowland S.L., Bishop G.A.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:45382-45390(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of inflammatory response Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "MicroRNA-494, upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, desensitizes insulin effect in C2C12 muscle cells."
    Lee H., Jee Y., Hong K., Hwang G.S., Chun K.H.
    PLoS ONE 8:e83471-e83471(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: MGI
• regulation of osteoclast differentiation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-7 induces bone loss in vivo by induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha from T cells."
    Toraldo G., Roggia C., Qian W.P., Pacifici R., Weitzmann M.N.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:125-130(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) and SOCS-3 cause insulin resistance through inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate proteins by discrete mechanisms."
    Ueki K., Kondo T., Kahn C.R.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:5434-5446(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "MicroRNA-494, upregulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, desensitizes insulin effect in C2C12 muscle cells."
    Lee H., Jee Y., Hong K., Hwang G.S., Chun K.H.
    PLoS ONE 8:e83471-e83471(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of protein secretion Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Regulated renin release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes."
    Fowler J.D., Johnson N.D., Haroldson T.A., Brintnall J.A., Herrera J.E., Katz S.A., Bernlohr D.A.
    Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296:E1383-91(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "cIAP1 and TAK1 protect cells from TNF-induced necrosis by preventing RIP1/RIP3-dependent reactive oxygen species production."
    Vanlangenakker N., Vanden Berghe T., Bogaert P., Laukens B., Zobel K., Deshayes K., Vucic D., Fulda S., Vandenabeele P., Bertrand M.J.
    Cell Death Differ. 18:656-665(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of synapse organization Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha."
    Stellwagen D., Malenka R.C.
    Nature 440:1054-1059(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: MGI
• response to glucocorticoid Source: MGI
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: MGI
• response to organic substance Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Involvement of heat shock protein (Hsp)90 beta but not Hsp90 alpha in antiapoptotic effect of CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotide."
    Kuo C.C., Liang C.M., Lai C.Y., Liang S.M.
    J. Immunol. 178:6100-6108(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to virus Source: MGI
• sequestering of triglyceride Source: MGI
• signal transduction Source: MGI
• toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway Source: MGI
• tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the cDNA for murine tumor necrosis factor."
    Pennica D., Hayflick J.S., Bringman T.S., Palladino M.A., Goeddel D.V.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:6060-6064(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• vasodilation Source: MGI

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Topology

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Chemistry databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome."
    Carballo E., Blackshear P.J.
    Blood 98:2389-2395(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems."
    Kobayashi K., Inohara N., Hernandez L.D., Galan J.E., Nunez G., Janeway C.A., Medzhitov R., Flavell R.A.
    Nature 416:194-199(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: MGI
• protease binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The enzymatic activity of ADAM8 and ADAM9 is not regulated by TIMPs."
    Amour A., Knight C.G., English W.R., Webster A., Slocombe P.M., Knauper V., Docherty A.J., Becherer J.D., Blobel C.P., Murphy G.
    FEBS Lett. 524:154-158(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• tumor necrosis factor receptor binding Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome."
    Carballo E., Blackshear P.J.
    Blood 98:2389-2395(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MSTESMIRDV ELAEEALPQK MGGFQNSRRC LCLSLFSFLL VAGATTLFCL 
        60         70         80         90        100
LNFGVIGPQR DEKFPNGLPL ISSMAQTLTL RSSSQNSSDK PVAHVVANHQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
VEEQLEWLSQ RANALLANGM DLKDNQLVVP ADGLYLVYSQ VLFKGQGCPD 
       160        170        180        190        200
YVLLTHTVSR FAISYQEKVN LLSAVKSPCP KDTPEGAELK PWYEPIYLGG 
       210        220        230 
VFQLEKGDQL SAEVNLPKYL DFAESGQVYF GVIAL                 

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. MGD cross-references
   Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot