S100A9

Functionⁱ

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn²⁺ which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. Has transnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.18 Publications

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Metal bindingⁱ	20	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	30	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	91	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	95	ZincCurated	1

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Calcium bindingⁱ	23 – 36	1; low affinityAdd BLAST		14
Calcium bindingⁱ	67 – 78	2; high affinityCuratedAdd BLAST		12

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

antioxidant activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
arachidonic acid binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
calcium ion binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
microtubule binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
RAGE receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
Toll-like receptor 4 binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
zinc ion binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12874352
antimicrobial humoral response Source: Reactome
apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
autophagy
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
cell-cell signaling
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 3313057
chemokine production
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
cytokine production
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
defense response to bacterium
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
defense response to fungus
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
inflammatory response
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 3313057
innate immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
modification of morphology or physiology of other organism
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12874352
neutrophil aggregation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
neutrophil chemotaxis
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 25417112
positive regulation of cell growth
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
positive regulation of inflammatory response
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
positive regulation of neuron projection development Source: ARUK-UCL
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
regulation of cytoskeleton organization
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
sequestering of zinc ion
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
toll-like receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Antimicrobial, Antioxidant
Biological process	Apoptosis, Autophagy, Chemotaxis, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity
Ligand	Calcium, Metal-binding, Zinc

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins
SIGNORⁱ	P06702

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Protein S100-A9 Alternative name(s): Calgranulin-B Calprotectin L1H subunit Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 Short name: MRP-14 Short name: p14 S100 calcium-binding protein A9
Gene namesⁱ	Name:S100A9 Synonyms:CAGB, CFAG, MRP14
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 1

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000163220.10
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:10499 S100A9
MIMⁱ	123886 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P06702

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Membrane, Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	3	C → A: Disrupts interaction with NOS2 and inhibits LDL(ox)-induced GAPDH S-nitrosylation; no effect on interaction with S100A8. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	36	E → Q: Loss of resistance to bacterial invasion; when associated with Q-78. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	63	M → A: Loss of antifungal activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	78	E → Q: Loss of resistance to bacterial invasion; when associated with Q-36. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	81	M → A: No effect on antifungal activity. 1 Publication	1
Mutagenesisⁱ	83	M → A: Loss of antifungal activity. 1 Publication	1

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	6280
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000163220
PharmGKBⁱ	PA34911

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	S100A9
DMDMⁱ	115444

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000143997	1 – 114	Protein S100-A9Add BLAST		114

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	2	Blocked amino end (Thr)	1
Modified residueⁱ	3	S-nitrosocysteine; transient1 Publication	1
Modified residueⁱ	105	Pros-methylhistidineBy similarity	1
Modified residueⁱ	113	Phosphothreonine; by MAPK14Combined sources3 Publications	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation inhibits activation of tubulin polymerization.3 Publications

S-nitrosylation of Cys-3 is implicated in LDL(ox)-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH at 'Cys-247' through a transnitrosylase mechanism involving a iNOS-S100A8/9 complex (PubMed:25417112).1 Publication

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Methylation, Phosphoprotein, S-nitrosylation

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P06702
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P06702
PaxDbⁱ	P06702
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P06702
PRIDEⁱ	P06702
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51910
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P06702

2D gel databases

USC-OGP 2-DE database More...OGPⁱ	P06702
SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	P06702
UCD-2DPAGEⁱ	P06702

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P06702
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P06702
SwissPalmⁱ	P06702

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, also expressed in the epidermis. Found in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. Strongly up-regulated in many tumors, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin cancers.5 Publications

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000163220 Expressed in 181 organ(s), highest expression level in ectocervix
CleanExⁱ	HS_S100A9
Genevisibleⁱ	P06702 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	CAB009441 HPA004193

HPAⁱ

CAB009441
HPA004193

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer. Preferentially exists as a heterodimer or heterotetramer with S100A8 known as calprotectin (S100A8/A9). S100A9 interacts with ATP2A2 (By similarity). S100A9 interacts with AGER, and with the heterodimeric complex formed by TLR4 and LY96 in the presence of calcium and/or zinc ions. S100A9 binds quinoline-3-carboxamides in the presence of calcium and/or zinc ions. S100A9 interacts with amyloid-beta protein 40. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with CEACAM3 and tubulin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. Heterotetrameric calprotectin (S100A8/A9) interacts with ANXA6 and associates with tubulin filaments in activated monocytes. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with NCF2/P67PHOX, RAC1, RAC2, CYBA and CYBB. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with NOS2 to form the iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex; induced by LDL(ox) (PubMed:25417112).By similarity1 Publication15 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct
ARRB1	P49407	2	EBI-1055001,EBI-743313
ARRB2	P32121	2	EBI-1055001,EBI-714559
S100A8	P05109	7	EBI-1055001,EBI-355281

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

microtubule binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
RAGE receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
Toll-like receptor 4 binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	112188, 118 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-37 Calprotectin heterotetramer CPX-39 Calprotectin heterodimer CPX-48 S100A9 complex CPX-52 iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex
CORUMⁱ	P06702
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-1166N
IntActⁱ	P06702, 28 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000357727

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Helixⁱ	7 – 23	Combined sources	17
Beta strandⁱ	25 – 28	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	34 – 44	Combined sources	11
Turnⁱ	45 – 49	Combined sources	5
Helixⁱ	50 – 53	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	56 – 66	Combined sources	11
Beta strandⁱ	71 – 74	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	76 – 94	Combined sources	19
Turnⁱ	95 – 97	Combined sources	3
Turnⁱ	108 – 110	Combined sources	3

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P06702
SMRⁱ	P06702
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P06702

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P06702

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Domainⁱ	12 – 47	EF-hand 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST		36
Domainⁱ	54 – 89	EF-hand 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST		36

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the S-100 family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Repeat

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410J1XC Eukaryota ENOG4111C30 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000144230
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000246968
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG001479
InParanoidⁱ	P06702
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K21128
OMAⁱ	HEKMHEN
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G12NB
PhylomeDBⁱ	P06702
TreeFamⁱ	TF332727

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992 EF-hand-dom_pair IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS IPR002048 EF_hand_dom IPR028475 S100-A9 IPR001751 S100/CaBP-9k_CS IPR013787 S100_Ca-bd_sub
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11639:SF79 PTHR11639:SF79, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01023 S_100, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00054 EFh, 1 hit SM01394 S_100, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473 SSF47473, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018 EF_HAND_1, 1 hit PS50222 EF_HAND_2, 1 hit PS00303 S100_CABP, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P06702-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MTCKMSQLER NIETIINTFH QYSVKLGHPD TLNQGEFKEL VRKDLQNFLK 
        60         70         80         90        100
KENKNEKVIE HIMEDLDTNA DKQLSFEEFI MLMARLTWAS HEKMHEGDEG 
       110 
PGHHHKPGLG EGTP

Length:114

Mass (Da):13,242

Last modified:January 1, 1988 - v1

Checksum:ⁱC3BE19729E14C078

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	6	S → H AA sequence (PubMed:8423249).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	25	K → F AA sequence (PubMed:8423249).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	28	H → L AA sequence (PubMed:8423249).Curated	1

Mass spectrometryⁱ

Molecular mass is 13115 Da from positions 2 - 114. Determined by MALDI. 1 Publication

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_013008	20	H → R1 Publication		1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X06233 mRNA Translation: CAA29579.1 M21064 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA36326.1 M26311 mRNA Translation: AAA68480.1 AF237581 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62536.1 AF237582 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62537.1 CR542207 mRNA Translation: CAG47003.1 CR542224 mRNA Translation: CAG47020.1 AL591704 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53333.1 CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53334.1 BC047681 mRNA Translation: AAH47681.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS1036.1
PIRⁱ	B31848
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_002956.1, NM_002965.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.112405

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000368738; ENSP00000357727; ENSG00000163220
GeneIDⁱ	6280
KEGGⁱ	hsa:6280
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc001fbq.3 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P06702	Protein S100		GORGO		114	UniRef100_P06702
UPI0000111E41		HUMAN		113

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P06702	Protein S100		GORGO		114	UniRef90_P06702
Protein S100		HUMAN		114
Protein S100		PANTR		114
Protein S100		PANPA		114
Protein S100		PONAB		114
+5

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P06702	Protein S100-A9		MOUSE		113	UniRef50_P06702
Protein S100-A9		RAT		113
Protein S100		GORGO		114
Protein S100		HUMAN		114
Protein S100		PONAB		114
+47

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X06233 mRNA Translation: CAA29579.1 M21064 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA36326.1 M26311 mRNA Translation: AAA68480.1 AF237581 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62536.1 AF237582 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62537.1 CR542207 mRNA Translation: CAG47003.1 CR542224 mRNA Translation: CAG47020.1 AL591704 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53333.1 CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53334.1 BC047681 mRNA Translation: AAH47681.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS1036.1
PIRⁱ	B31848
RefSeqⁱ	NP_002956.1, NM_002965.3
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.112405

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	1IRJ	X-ray	2.10	A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H	2-114	[»]
	1XK4	X-ray	1.80	C/D/G/H/K/L	2-114	[»]
	4GGF	X-ray	1.60	C/L/T/V	1-114	[»]
	4XJK	X-ray	1.76	B/D/F/H/J	1-114	[»]
	5I8N	NMR	-	A/B	1-114	[»]
	5W1F	X-ray	2.60	B/D/F/H	1-114	[»]
	6DS2	X-ray	2.10	B/D/F/H	1-114	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P06702
SMRⁱ	P06702
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	112188, 118 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-37 Calprotectin heterotetramer CPX-39 Calprotectin heterodimer CPX-48 S100A9 complex CPX-52 iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex
CORUMⁱ	P06702
DIPⁱ	DIP-1166N
IntActⁱ	P06702, 28 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000357727

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P06702
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P06702
SwissPalmⁱ	P06702

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	S100A9
DMDMⁱ	115444

2D gel databases

OGPⁱ	P06702
SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	P06702
UCD-2DPAGEⁱ	P06702

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P06702
MaxQBⁱ	P06702
PaxDbⁱ	P06702
PeptideAtlasⁱ	P06702
PRIDEⁱ	P06702
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51910
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P06702

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000368738; ENSP00000357727; ENSG00000163220
GeneIDⁱ	6280
KEGGⁱ	hsa:6280
UCSCⁱ	uc001fbq.3 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	6280
DisGeNETⁱ	6280
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000163220.10
GeneCardsⁱ	S100A9
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:10499 S100A9
HPAⁱ	CAB009441 HPA004193
MIMⁱ	123886 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P06702
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000163220
PharmGKBⁱ	PA34911
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410J1XC Eukaryota ENOG4111C30 LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000144230
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000246968
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG001479
InParanoidⁱ	P06702
KOⁱ	K21128
OMAⁱ	HEKMHEN
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G12NB
PhylomeDBⁱ	P06702
TreeFamⁱ	TF332727

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins
SIGNORⁱ	P06702

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	S100A9 human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P06702
GeneWikiⁱ	S100A9
GenomeRNAiⁱ	6280
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P06702
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000163220 Expressed in 181 organ(s), highest expression level in ectocervix
CleanExⁱ	HS_S100A9
Genevisibleⁱ	P06702 HS

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992 EF-hand-dom_pair IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS IPR002048 EF_hand_dom IPR028475 S100-A9 IPR001751 S100/CaBP-9k_CS IPR013787 S100_Ca-bd_sub
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11639:SF79 PTHR11639:SF79, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01023 S_100, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00054 EFh, 1 hit SM01394 S_100, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473 SSF47473, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018 EF_HAND_1, 1 hit PS50222 EF_HAND_2, 1 hit PS00303 S100_CABP, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	S10A9_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P06702Primary (citable) accession number: P06702 Secondary accession number(s): D3DV36 , Q6FGA1, Q9NYM0, Q9UCJ1
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	January 1, 1988
	Last sequence update:	January 1, 1988
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 210 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human chromosome 1
Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

UniProtKB

UniParc

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UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P06702 (S10A9_HUMAN)

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Protein S100-A9

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Sites

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Cytoskeleton

Extracellular region or secreted

Plasma membrane

Other locations

Cytoskeleton

Cytosol

Extracellular region or secreted

Nucleus

Plasma Membrane

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

<p>This subsection of the ‘Sequence’ section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryi

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Mass spectrometryⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ