Transcription factor AP-2-alpha

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chromatin binding Source: UniProtKB
• DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A family of AP-2 proteins down-regulate manganese superoxide dismutase expression."
    Zhu C.H., Huang Y., Oberley L.W., Domann F.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:14407-14413(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Expression of human frataxin is regulated by transcription factors SRF and TFAP2."
    Li K., Singh A., Crooks D.R., Dai X., Cong Z., Pan L., Ha D., Rouault T.A.
    PLoS ONE 5:e12286-e12286(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dual association by TFAP2A during activation of the p21cip/CDKN1A promoter."
    Scibetta A.G., Wong P.P., Chan K.V., Canosa M., Hurst H.C.
    Cell Cycle 9:4525-4532(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A family of AP-2 proteins down-regulate manganese superoxide dismutase expression."
    Zhu C.H., Huang Y., Oberley L.W., Domann F.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:14407-14413(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "AP-2alpha Inhibits c-MYC Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes."
    Yu L., Hitchler M.J., Sun W., Sarsour E.H., Goswami P.C., Klingelhutz A.J., Domann F.E.
    J Oncol 2009:780874-780874(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Derepression of the C/EBPalpha gene during adipogenesis: identification of AP-2alpha as a repressor."
    Jiang M.S., Tang Q.Q., McLenithan J., Geiman D., Shillinglaw W., Henzel W.J., Lane M.D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:3467-3471(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein dimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH UBE2I, SUMOYLATION AT LYS-10.
• protein homodimerization activity Source: UniProtKB <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene expression."
    Duan C., Clemmons D.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:24844-24851(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene expression."
    Duan C., Clemmons D.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:24844-24851(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Dual association by TFAP2A during activation of the p21cip/CDKN1A promoter."
    Scibetta A.G., Wong P.P., Chan K.V., Canosa M., Hurst H.C.
    Cell Cycle 9:4525-4532(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Derepression of the C/EBPalpha gene during adipogenesis: identification of AP-2alpha as a repressor."
    Jiang M.S., Tang Q.Q., McLenithan J., Geiman D., Shillinglaw W., Henzel W.J., Lane M.D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:3467-3471(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2."
    Braganca J., Eloranta J.J., Bamforth S.D., Ibbitt J.C., Hurst H.C., Bhattacharya S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:16021-16029(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DNA-BINDING, INTERACTION WITH CITED2 AND EP300.
  • Ref.2

    "An alternatively spliced mRNA from the AP-2 gene encodes a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by AP-2."
    Buettner R., Kannan P., Imhof A., Bauer R., Yim S.O., Glockshuber R., Van Dyke M.W., Tainsky M.A.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4174-4185(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4).
• transcription coactivator activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2."
    Braganca J., Eloranta J.J., Bamforth S.D., Ibbitt J.C., Hurst H.C., Bhattacharya S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:16021-16029(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DNA-BINDING, INTERACTION WITH CITED2 AND EP300.
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.2

    "An alternatively spliced mRNA from the AP-2 gene encodes a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by AP-2."
    Buettner R., Kannan P., Imhof A., Bauer R., Yim S.O., Glockshuber R., Van Dyke M.W., Tainsky M.A.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4174-4185(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4).
• transcription regulatory region DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2."
    Braganca J., Eloranta J.J., Bamforth S.D., Ibbitt J.C., Hurst H.C., Bhattacharya S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:16021-16029(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DNA-BINDING, INTERACTION WITH CITED2 AND EP300.
• transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Epigenetic regulation of HYAL-1 hyaluronidase expression. identification of HYAL-1 promoter."
    Lokeshwar V.B., Gomez P., Kramer M., Knapp J., McCornack M.A., Lopez L.E., Fregien N., Dhir N., Scherer S., Klumpp D.J., Manoharan M., Soloway M.S., Lokeshwar B.L.
    J. Biol. Chem. 283:29215-29227(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• bone morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• cellular response to iron ion Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Expression of human frataxin is regulated by transcription factors SRF and TFAP2."
    Li K., Singh A., Crooks D.R., Dai X., Cong Z., Pan L., Ha D., Rouault T.A.
    PLoS ONE 5:e12286-e12286(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• embryonic forelimb morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• eyelid development in camera-type eye Source: UniProtKB
• inner ear morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Genotype-phenotype analysis of the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome."
    Milunsky J.M., Maher T.M., Zhao G., Wang Z., Mulliken J.B., Chitayat D., Clemens M., Stalker H.J., Bauer M., Burch M., Chenier S., Cunningham M.L., Drack A.V., Janssens S., Karlea A., Klatt R., Kini U., Klein O.

    , Lachmeijer A.M., Megarbane A., Mendelsohn N.J., Meschino W.S., Mortier G.R., Parkash S., Ray C.R., Roberts A., Roberts A., Reardon W., Schnur R.E., Smith R., Splitt M., Tezcan K., Whiteford M.L., Wong D.A., Zori R., Lin A.E.
    Am. J. Med. Genet. A 155A:22-32(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• kidney development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Genotype-phenotype analysis of the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome."
    Milunsky J.M., Maher T.M., Zhao G., Wang Z., Mulliken J.B., Chitayat D., Clemens M., Stalker H.J., Bauer M., Burch M., Chenier S., Cunningham M.L., Drack A.V., Janssens S., Karlea A., Klatt R., Kini U., Klein O.

    , Lachmeijer A.M., Megarbane A., Mendelsohn N.J., Meschino W.S., Mortier G.R., Parkash S., Ray C.R., Roberts A., Roberts A., Reardon W., Schnur R.E., Smith R., Splitt M., Tezcan K., Whiteford M.L., Wong D.A., Zori R., Lin A.E.
    Am. J. Med. Genet. A 155A:22-32(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha Inhibits c-MYC Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes."
    Yu L., Hitchler M.J., Sun W., Sarsour E.H., Goswami P.C., Klingelhutz A.J., Domann F.E.
    J Oncol 2009:780874-780874(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha Inhibits c-MYC Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes."
    Yu L., Hitchler M.J., Sun W., Sarsour E.H., Goswami P.C., Klingelhutz A.J., Domann F.E.
    J Oncol 2009:780874-780874(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "An alternatively spliced mRNA from the AP-2 gene encodes a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by AP-2."
    Buettner R., Kannan P., Imhof A., Bauer R., Yim S.O., Glockshuber R., Van Dyke M.W., Tainsky M.A.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4174-4185(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4).
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP-2alpha Inhibits c-MYC Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes."
    Yu L., Hitchler M.J., Sun W., Sarsour E.H., Goswami P.C., Klingelhutz A.J., Domann F.E.
    J Oncol 2009:780874-780874(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.2

    "An alternatively spliced mRNA from the AP-2 gene encodes a negative regulator of transcriptional activation by AP-2."
    Buettner R., Kannan P., Imhof A., Bauer R., Yim S.O., Glockshuber R., Van Dyke M.W., Tainsky M.A.
    Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4174-4185(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4).
  • "Derepression of the C/EBPalpha gene during adipogenesis: identification of AP-2alpha as a repressor."
    Jiang M.S., Tang Q.Q., McLenithan J., Geiman D., Shillinglaw W., Henzel W.J., Lane M.D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:3467-3471(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• oculomotor nerve formation Source: UniProtKB
• optic cup structural organization Source: UniProtKB
• optic vesicle morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of bone mineralization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BCOR regulates mesenchymal stem cell function by epigenetic mechanisms."
    Fan Z., Yamaza T., Lee J.S., Yu J., Wang S., Fan G., Shi S., Wang C.-Y.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 11:1002-1009(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of tooth mineralization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BCOR regulates mesenchymal stem cell function by epigenetic mechanisms."
    Fan Z., Yamaza T., Lee J.S., Yu J., Wang S., Fan G., Shi S., Wang C.-Y.
    Nat. Cell Biol. 11:1002-1009(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.13

    "Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2."
    Braganca J., Eloranta J.J., Bamforth S.D., Ibbitt J.C., Hurst H.C., Bhattacharya S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:16021-16029(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DNA-BINDING, INTERACTION WITH CITED2 AND EP300.
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A family of AP-2 proteins down-regulate manganese superoxide dismutase expression."
    Zhu C.H., Huang Y., Oberley L.W., Domann F.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 276:14407-14413(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Expression of human frataxin is regulated by transcription factors SRF and TFAP2."
    Li K., Singh A., Crooks D.R., Dai X., Cong Z., Pan L., Ha D., Rouault T.A.
    PLoS ONE 5:e12286-e12286(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene expression."
    Duan C., Clemmons D.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:24844-24851(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cell differentiation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retina layer formation Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• roof of mouth development Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Genotype-phenotype analysis of the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome."
    Milunsky J.M., Maher T.M., Zhao G., Wang Z., Mulliken J.B., Chitayat D., Clemens M., Stalker H.J., Bauer M., Burch M., Chenier S., Cunningham M.L., Drack A.V., Janssens S., Karlea A., Klatt R., Kini U., Klein O.

    , Lachmeijer A.M., Megarbane A., Mendelsohn N.J., Meschino W.S., Mortier G.R., Parkash S., Ray C.R., Roberts A., Roberts A., Reardon W., Schnur R.E., Smith R., Splitt M., Tezcan K., Whiteford M.L., Wong D.A., Zori R., Lin A.E.
    Am. J. Med. Genet. A 155A:22-32(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sensory perception of sound Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Genotype-phenotype analysis of the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome."
    Milunsky J.M., Maher T.M., Zhao G., Wang Z., Mulliken J.B., Chitayat D., Clemens M., Stalker H.J., Bauer M., Burch M., Chenier S., Cunningham M.L., Drack A.V., Janssens S., Karlea A., Klatt R., Kini U., Klein O.

    , Lachmeijer A.M., Megarbane A., Mendelsohn N.J., Meschino W.S., Mortier G.R., Parkash S., Ray C.R., Roberts A., Roberts A., Reardon W., Schnur R.E., Smith R., Splitt M., Tezcan K., Whiteford M.L., Wong D.A., Zori R., Lin A.E.
    Am. J. Med. Genet. A 155A:22-32(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• trigeminal nerve development Source: UniProtKB

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• protein dimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.12

    "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH UBE2I, SUMOYLATION AT LYS-10.
• protein homodimerization activity Source: UniProtKBTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 gene expression."
    Duan C., Clemmons D.R.
    J. Biol. Chem. 270:24844-24851(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Motif

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.<p><a href='/help/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (4+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 4 described isoforms and 7 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MLWKLTDNIK YEDCEDRHDG TSNGTARLPQ LGTVGQSPYT SAPPLSHTPN 
        60         70         80         90        100
ADFQPPYFPP PYQPIYPQSQ DPYSHVNDPY SLNPLHAQPQ PQHPGWPGQR 
       110        120        130        140        150
QSQESGLLHT HRGLPHQLSG LDPRRDYRRH EDLLHGPHAL SSGLGDLSIH 
       160        170        180        190        200
SLPHAIEEVP HVEDPGINIP DQTVIKKGPV SLSKSNSNAV SAIPINKDNL 
       210        220        230        240        250
FGGVVNPNEV FCSVPGRLSL LSSTSKYKVT VAEVQRRLSP PECLNASLLG 
       260        270        280        290        300
GVLRRAKSKN GGRSLREKLD KIGLNLPAGR RKAANVTLLT SLVEGEAVHL 
       310        320        330        340        350
ARDFGYVCET EFPAKAVAEF LNRQHSDPNE QVTRKNMLLA TKQICKEFTD 
       360        370        380        390        400
LLAQDRSPLG NSRPNPILEP GIQSCLTHFN LISHGFGSPA VCAAVTALQN 
       410        420        430 
YLTEALKAMD KMYLSNNPNS HTDNNAKSSD KEEKHRK               

        10         20         30         40         50
MLVHSFSAMD RHDGTSNGTA RLPQLGTVGQ SPYTSAPPLS HTPNADFQPP 
        60         70         80         90        100
YFPPPYQPIY PQSQDPYSHV NDPYSLNPLH AQPQPQHPGW PGQRQSQESG 
       110        120        130        140        150
LLHTHRGLPH QLSGLDPRRD YRRHEDLLHG PHALSSGLGD LSIHSLPHAI 
       160        170        180        190        200
EEVPHVEDPG INIPDQTVIK KGPVSLSKSN SNAVSAIPIN KDNLFGGVVN 
       210        220        230        240        250
PNEVFCSVPG RLSLLSSTSK YKVTVAEVQR RLSPPECLNA SLLGGVLRRA 
       260        270        280        290        300
KSKNGGRSLR EKLDKIGLNL PAGRRKAANV TLLTSLVEGE AVHLARDFGY 
       310        320        330        340        350
VCETEFPAKA VAEFLNRQHS DPNEQVTRKN MLLATKQICK EFTDLLAQDR 
       360        370        380        390        400
SPLGNSRPNP ILEPGIQSCL THFNLISHGF GSPAVCAAVT ALQNYLTEAL 
       410        420        430 
KAMDKMYLSN NPNSHTDNNA KSSDKEEKHR K                     

        10         20         30         40         50
MLWKLTDNIK YEDCEDRHDG TSNGTARLPQ LGTVGQSPYT SAPPLSHTPN 
        60         70         80         90        100
ADFQPPYFPP PYQPIYPQSQ DPYSHVNDPY SLNPLHAQPQ PQHPGWPGQR 
       110        120        130        140        150
QSQESGLLHT HRGLPHQLSG LDPRRDYRRH EDLLHGPHAL SSGLGDLSIH 
       160        170        180        190        200
SLPHAIEEVP HVEDPGINIP DQTVIKKGPV SLSKSNSNAV SAIPINKDNL 
       210        220        230        240        250
FGGVVNPNEV FCSVPGRLSL LSSTSKYKVT VAEVQRRLSP PECLNASLLG 
       260        270        280        290        300
GVLRRAKSKN GGRSLREKLD KIGLNLPAGR RKAANVTLLT SLVEGKRIHL 
       310        320        330        340        350
LTRRNFLLGK WIIFSGQMFG RILCQLGSFI FAENIARCEW NYFMAKRNIC 
       360 
MYSYTSILLP SFPLP                                       

        10         20         30         40         50
MSILAKMGDW QDRHDGTSNG TARLPQLGTV GQSPYTSAPP LSHTPNADFQ 
        60         70         80         90        100
PPYFPPPYQP IYPQSQDPYS HVNDPYSLNP LHAQPQPQHP GWPGQRQSQE 
       110        120        130        140        150
SGLLHTHRGL PHQLSGLDPR RDYRRHEDLL HGPHALSSGL GDLSIHSLPH 
       160        170        180        190        200
AIEEVPHVED PGINIPDQTV IKKGPVSLSK SNSNAVSAIP INKDNLFGGV 
       210        220        230        240        250
VNPNEVFCSV PGRLSLLSST SKYKVTVAEV QRRLSPPECL NASLLGGVLR 
       260        270        280        290        300
RAKSKNGGRS LREKLDKIGL NLPAGRRKAA NVTLLTSLVE GEAVHLARDF 
       310        320        330        340        350
GYVCETEFPA KAVAEFLNRQ HSDPNEQVTR KNMLLATKQI CKEFTDLLAQ 
       360        370        380        390        400
DRSPLGNSRP NPILEPGIQS CLTHFNLISH GFGSPAVCAA VTALQNYLTE 
       410        420        430 
ALKAMDKMYL SNNPNSHTDN NAKSSDKEEK HRK                   

Natural variant

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 6
   Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations