S100A8

Functionⁱ

S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn²⁺ which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex directs selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and probably multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity.12 Publications

Miscellaneous

Binds two calcium ions per molecule with an affinity similar to that of the S100 proteins.

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Metal bindingⁱ	17	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	27	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	83	ZincCurated	1
Metal bindingⁱ	87	ZincCurated	1

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Calcium bindingⁱ	20 – 33	1; low affinityAdd BLAST		14
Calcium bindingⁱ	59 – 70	2; high affinityAdd BLAST		12

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

arachidonic acid binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
calcium ion binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
microtubule binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
RAGE receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
Toll-like receptor 4 binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
zinc ion binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
acute inflammatory response Source: Ensembl
antimicrobial humoral response Source: Reactome
apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
astrocyte development Source: Ensembl
autophagy
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
chemokine production
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
chronic inflammatory response Source: Ensembl
cytokine production
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
defense response to bacterium
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
defense response to fungus
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
inflammatory response
Source: ProtInc
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 3313057
innate immune response Source: UniProtKB-KW
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
neutrophil aggregation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
neutrophil chemotaxis
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 25417112
positive regulation of cell growth
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
positive regulation of inflammatory response
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 12626582
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 19935772
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
positive regulation of peptide secretion Source: Ensembl
regulation of cytoskeleton organization
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
response to ethanol Source: Ensembl
response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
response to zinc ion Source: Ensembl
sequestering of zinc ion
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
toll-like receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
wound healing Source: Ensembl

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Antimicrobial
Biological process	Apoptosis, Autophagy, Chemotaxis, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity
Ligand	Calcium, Metal-binding, Zinc

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Protein S100-A8 Alternative name(s): Calgranulin-A Calprotectin L1L subunit Cystic fibrosis antigen Short name: CFAG Leukocyte L1 complex light chain Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8 Short name: MRP-8 Short name: p8 S100 calcium-binding protein A8 Urinary stone protein band A
Gene namesⁱ	Name:S100A8 Synonyms:CAGA, CFAG, MRP8
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 1

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000143546.9
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:10498 S100A8
MIMⁱ	123885 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P05109

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cytoskeleton, Membrane, Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	42	C → A: Loss of antifungal activity. 1 Publication		1

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	6279
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000143546
PharmGKBⁱ	PA34910

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	S100A8
DMDMⁱ	115442

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000143993	1 – 93	Protein S100-A8Add BLAST		93

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Modified residueⁱ	42	S-nitrosocysteine1 Publication		1

Keywords - PTMⁱ

S-nitrosylation

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P05109
MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	P05109
PaxDbⁱ	P05109
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	P05109
PRIDEⁱ	P05109
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51795
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P05109

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	P05109

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ

P05109

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P05109
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P05109

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Calprotectin (S100A8/9) is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, also expressed in the epidermis. Found in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. Involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. Strongly up-regulated in many tumors, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin cancers.2 Publications

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000143546 Expressed in 212 organ(s), highest expression level in pharyngeal mucosa
CleanExⁱ	HS_S100A8
Genevisibleⁱ	P05109 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	CAB002791 HPA024372

HPAⁱ

CAB002791
HPA024372

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer. Preferentially exists as a heterodimer or heterotetramer with S100A9 known as calprotectin (S100A8/A9). S100A8 interacts with AGER, ATP2A2 and with the heterodimeric complex formed by TLR4 and LY96 (By similarity). Interacts with GAPDH. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with CEACAM3 and tubulin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. Heterotetrameric calprotectin (S100A8/A9) interacts with ANXA6 and associates with tubulin filaments in activated monocytes. S100A8 and calprotectin (S100A8/9) interact with NCF2/P67PHOX, RAC1 and RAC2. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with CYBA and CYBB. Calprotectin (S100A8/9) interacts with NOS2 to form the iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex; induced by LDL(ox) (PubMed:25417112).By similarity10 Publications

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
GAPDH	P04406	6	EBI-355281,EBI-354056
S100A9	P06702	7	EBI-355281,EBI-1055001

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

microtubule binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
RAGE receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132
Toll-like receptor 4 binding
Source: UniProtKB
Traceable author statementⁱ
- 22489132

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	112187, 61 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-37 Calprotectin heterotetramer CPX-39 Calprotectin heterodimer CPX-42 S100A8 complex CPX-52 iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex
CORUMⁱ	P05109
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-1165N
IntActⁱ	P05109, 38 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	P05109
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000357721

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Helixⁱ	4 – 20	Combined sources	17
Beta strandⁱ	22 – 25	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	31 – 41	Combined sources	11
Helixⁱ	44 – 47	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	51 – 58	Combined sources	8
Beta strandⁱ	63 – 66	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	68 – 86	Combined sources	19

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P05109
SMRⁱ	P05109
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P05109

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P05109

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Domainⁱ	12 – 47	EF-hand 1PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST		36
Domainⁱ	46 – 81	EF-hand 2PROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST		36

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the S-100 family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Repeat

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410J2UM Eukaryota ENOG4111CN5 LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000144329
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG001479
InParanoidⁱ	P05109
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K21127
OMAⁱ	YHKYSLE
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G13NB
PhylomeDBⁱ	P05109
TreeFamⁱ	TF332727

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992 EF-hand-dom_pair IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS IPR002048 EF_hand_dom IPR001751 S100/CaBP-9k_CS IPR013787 S100_Ca-bd_sub IPR028474 S100A8
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11639:SF5 PTHR11639:SF5, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01023 S_100, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM01394 S_100, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473 SSF47473, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018 EF_HAND_1, 1 hit PS50222 EF_HAND_2, 1 hit PS00303 S100_CABP, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P05109-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MLTELEKALN SIIDVYHKYS LIKGNFHAVY RDDLKKLLET ECPQYIRKKG 
        60         70         80         90 
ADVWFKELDI NTDGAVNFQE FLILVIKMGV AAHKKSHEES HKE

Length:93

Mass (Da):10,835

Last modified:January 1, 1988 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ78F589140B9CE166

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	80 – 93	VAAHK…ESHKE → WQPTKKAMKKATKSS in CAA68390 (PubMed:3561500).CuratedAdd BLAST		14

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	Y00278 mRNA Translation: CAA68390.1 X06234 mRNA Translation: CAA29580.1 M21005 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA36327.1 AK291328 mRNA Translation: BAF84017.1 CR407674 mRNA Translation: CAG28602.1 BT007378 mRNA Translation: AAP36042.1 AL591704 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53330.1 CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53331.1 BC005928 mRNA Translation: AAH05928.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS1038.1
PIRⁱ	A31848 BCHUCF
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_001306126.1, NM_001319197.1 NP_001306127.1, NM_001319198.1 NP_001306130.1, NM_001319201.1 NP_002955.2, NM_002964.4
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.416073

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000368732; ENSP00000357721; ENSG00000143546 ENST00000368733; ENSP00000357722; ENSG00000143546
GeneIDⁱ	6279
KEGGⁱ	hsa:6279
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc001fbs.3 human

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P05109	Protein S100		PANTR		93	UniRef100_P05109
Protein S100		PANPA		93
UPI0000E1EC52		HUMAN		117

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P05109	Protein S100		PANTR		93	UniRef90_P05109
Protein S100		PANPA		93
UPI0000E1EC52		HUMAN		117
UPI0008F4DA4E		GORGO		116
UPI000CEF6C10		PONAB		116
+6

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P05109	Protein S100		PANTR		93	UniRef50_P05109
Protein S100		PANPA		93
Protein S100		GORGO		93
Protein S100		HORSE		89
Protein S100-A8		TUPCH		135
+25

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	Y00278 mRNA Translation: CAA68390.1 X06234 mRNA Translation: CAA29580.1 M21005 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA36327.1 AK291328 mRNA Translation: BAF84017.1 CR407674 mRNA Translation: CAG28602.1 BT007378 mRNA Translation: AAP36042.1 AL591704 Genomic DNA No translation available. CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53330.1 CH471121 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW53331.1 BC005928 mRNA Translation: AAH05928.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS1038.1
PIRⁱ	A31848 BCHUCF
RefSeqⁱ	NP_001306126.1, NM_001319197.1 NP_001306127.1, NM_001319198.1 NP_001306130.1, NM_001319201.1 NP_002955.2, NM_002964.4
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.416073

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	1MR8	X-ray	1.90	A/B	1-93	[»]
	1XK4	X-ray	1.80	A/B/E/F/I/J	1-93	[»]
	4GGF	X-ray	1.60	A/K/S/U	1-93	[»]
	4XJK	X-ray	1.76	A/C/E/G/I	1-93	[»]
	5HLO	X-ray	2.10	A/B/C/D	2-93	[»]
	5HLV	X-ray	2.20	A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H	2-93	[»]
	5W1F	X-ray	2.60	A/C/E/G	1-93	[»]
	6DS2	X-ray	2.10	A/C/E/G	1-93	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P05109
SMRⁱ	P05109
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	112187, 61 interactors
ComplexPortalⁱ	CPX-37 Calprotectin heterotetramer CPX-39 Calprotectin heterodimer CPX-42 S100A8 complex CPX-52 iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex
CORUMⁱ	P05109
DIPⁱ	DIP-1165N
IntActⁱ	P05109, 38 interactors
MINTⁱ	P05109
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000357721

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	P05109
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P05109

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	S100A8
DMDMⁱ	115442

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ	P05109

SWISS-2DPAGEⁱ

P05109

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P05109
MaxQBⁱ	P05109
PaxDbⁱ	P05109
PeptideAtlasⁱ	P05109
PRIDEⁱ	P05109
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51795
TopDownProteomicsⁱ	P05109

Protocols and materials databases

The DNASU plasmid repository More...DNASUⁱ	6279
Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000368732; ENSP00000357721; ENSG00000143546 ENST00000368733; ENSP00000357722; ENSG00000143546
GeneIDⁱ	6279
KEGGⁱ	hsa:6279
UCSCⁱ	uc001fbs.3 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	6279
DisGeNETⁱ	6279
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000143546.9
GeneCardsⁱ	S100A8
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:10498 S100A8
HPAⁱ	CAB002791 HPA024372
MIMⁱ	123885 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P05109
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000143546
PharmGKBⁱ	PA34910
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410J2UM Eukaryota ENOG4111CN5 LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00910000144329
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG001479
InParanoidⁱ	P05109
KOⁱ	K21127
OMAⁱ	YHKYSLE
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G13NB
PhylomeDBⁱ	P05109
TreeFamⁱ	TF332727

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins

Reactomeⁱ

R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-6799990 Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	S100A8 human
EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P05109
GeneWikiⁱ	S100_calcium_binding_protein_A8
GenomeRNAiⁱ	6279
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P05109
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000143546 Expressed in 212 organ(s), highest expression level in pharyngeal mucosa
CleanExⁱ	HS_S100A8
Genevisibleⁱ	P05109 HS

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR011992 EF-hand-dom_pair IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS IPR002048 EF_hand_dom IPR001751 S100/CaBP-9k_CS IPR013787 S100_Ca-bd_sub IPR028474 S100A8
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR11639:SF5 PTHR11639:SF5, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF01023 S_100, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM01394 S_100, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47473 SSF47473, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00018 EF_HAND_1, 1 hit PS50222 EF_HAND_2, 1 hit PS00303 S100_CABP, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	S10A8_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P05109Primary (citable) accession number: P05109 Secondary accession number(s): A8K5L3 Q9UCM6
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
	Last sequence update:	January 1, 1988
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 201 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human chromosome 1
Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P05109 (S10A8_HUMAN)

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Protein S100-A8

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

Sites

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted

Plasma membrane

Cytoskeleton

Other locations

Cytoskeleton

Cytosol

Extracellular region or secreted

Nucleus

Plasma Membrane

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ