cro

Functionⁱ

Plays an essential role in the switch from lysogenic to lytic state and in fine-tuning the lytic phase activation. Mediates the de-repression of the lytic promoters from repression by cI at an early stage of prophage induction. Turns down the expression of the transcriptional activator cII, a factor that initiates the expression of repressor cI, the major component promoting latency. Additionally, cro is able to directly bind to the promoter region of cI thereby preventing the transcription of cI repressor. These two mechanisms ultimately lead to a strong decrease in the amount of cI that will become unable to maintain the latent phase, allowing the transition to lytic growth. Low level of Cro also stimulates the lytic promoters while cI repressor is still present (PubMed:29158090). Cro-mediated up-regulation of pR and pL ultimately leads to its own increased expression and to a successful switch to lytic growth (PubMed:29158090). The second function assigned to Cro is the fine-tuning of the lytic phase activation. Indeed, cro initially diminishes the strength of activation by turning down the expression of lytic genes as well as its own expression.4 Publications

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
DNA bindingⁱ	16 – 35	H-T-H motifAdd BLAST		20

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

latency-replication decision
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 29158090
negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding
Source: CAFA
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17908932
negative regulation of viral transcription
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 1065873
release from viral latency
Source: CAFA
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17908932
response to UV
Source: CAFA
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 17908932
transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	DNA-binding, Repressor
Biological process	Latency-replication decision, Transcription, Transcription regulation, Viral latency, Viral latency initiation and maintenance

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Regulatory protein cro
Gene namesⁱ	Name:cro Ordered Locus Names:lambdap57
Organismⁱ	Escherichia phage lambda (Bacteriophage lambda)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	10710 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	Viruses › dsDNA viruses, no RNA stage › Caudovirales › Siphoviridae › Lambdavirus
Virus hostⁱ	Escherichia coli [TaxID: 562]
Proteomesⁱ	UP000001711 Componentⁱ: Genome

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	33	A → W: Loss of dimerization; when associated with D-58. 1 Publication		1
Mutagenesisⁱ	58	F → D: Loss of dimerization; when associated with W-33. 1 Publication		1

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000077579	1 – 66	Regulatory protein croAdd BLAST		66

Expressionⁱ

Keywords - Developmental stageⁱ

Early protein

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Binds DNA as a homodimer.1 Publication

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

protein homodimerization activity
Source: CAFA
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9653037
- 7500341

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	P03040, 1 interactor

IntActⁱ

P03040, 1 interactor

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Show more details

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Beta strandⁱ	3 – 6	Combined sources	4
Helixⁱ	7 – 14	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	16 – 23	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	27 – 36	Combined sources	10
Beta strandⁱ	39 – 44	Combined sources	6
Turnⁱ	46 – 48	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	50 – 55	Combined sources	6
Beta strandⁱ	57 – 59	Combined sources	3

3D structure databases

Database of protein disorder More...DisProtⁱ	DP00741
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P03040
SMRⁱ	P03040
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P03040

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P03040

Family & Domainsⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	VOG090001UA

OrthoDBⁱ

VOG090001UA

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.240.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000655 Cro IPR038202 Cro_sf IPR010982 Lambda_DNA-bd_dom_sf
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF09048 Cro, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF003217 Cro_protein, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00030 HTHCRO
ProDomⁱ	View protein in ProDom or Entries sharing at least one domain PD054632 HTH_lambda_Cro, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47413 SSF47413, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P03040-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MEQRITLKDY AMRFGQTKTA KDLGVYQSAI NKAIHAGRKI FLTINADGSV 
        60 
YAEEVKPFPS NKKTTA

Length:66

Mass (Da):7,363

Last modified:July 21, 1986 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ233A02DA0873E4D4

GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	J02459 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA96582.1
PIRⁱ	B94614 RCBPL
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_040629.1, NC_001416.1

Genome annotation databases

GeneIDⁱ	2703467
KEGGⁱ	vg:2703467

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
P03040	Prophage anti-repressor		Enterobacteria phage HK542		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage HK544		66
Cro		LAMBD		66
Repressor		Enterobacteria phage mEp332		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage SfI		66
+32

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
P03040	Prophage anti-repressor		Enterobacteria phage HK542		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage HK544		66
Cro		LAMBD		66
Repressor		Enterobacteria phage mEp332		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage SfI		66
+74

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
P03040	Prophage anti-repressor		Enterobacteria phage HK542		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage HK544		66
Cro		LAMBD		66
Repressor		Enterobacteria phage mEp332		66
Cro protein		Enterobacteria phage SfI		66
+77

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	J02459 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA96582.1
PIRⁱ	B94614 RCBPL
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_040629.1, NC_001416.1

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	1COP	NMR	-	D/E	1-66	[»]
	1D1L	X-ray	2.10	A	1-61	[»]
	1D1M	X-ray	2.05	A/B	1-60	[»]
	1ORC	X-ray	1.54	A	1-66	[»]
	2A63	NMR	-	A	1-66	[»]
	2ECS	X-ray	1.40	A/B	1-66	[»]
	2ORC	NMR	-	A	1-66	[»]
	2OVG	X-ray	1.35	A	1-66	[»]
	3ORC	X-ray	3.00	A	2-61	[»]
	4CRO	X-ray	3.90	A/B/C/D/E/F	1-66	[»]
	5CRO	X-ray	2.30	A/B/C/O	1-66	[»]
	6CRO	X-ray	3.00	A	2-61	[»]
Database of protein disorder More...DisProtⁱ	DP00741
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P03040
SMRⁱ	P03040
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	P03040, 1 interactor

IntActⁱ

P03040, 1 interactor

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

GeneIDⁱ	2703467
KEGGⁱ	vg:2703467

Phylogenomic databases

Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	VOG090001UA

OrthoDBⁱ

VOG090001UA

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P03040

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P03040

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.30.240.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000655 Cro IPR038202 Cro_sf IPR010982 Lambda_DNA-bd_dom_sf
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF09048 Cro, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF003217 Cro_protein, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00030 HTHCRO
ProDomⁱ	View protein in ProDom or Entries sharing at least one domain PD054632 HTH_lambda_Cro, 1 hit
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47413 SSF47413, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	RCRO_LAMBD
Accessionⁱ	P03040Primary (citable) accession number: P03040
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
	Last sequence update:	July 21, 1986
	Last modified:	July 18, 2018
	This is version 130 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Viral Protein Annotation Program

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P03040 (RCRO_LAMBD)

Your basket is currently empty. i <p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the ‘basket’ to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later.<p><a href='/help/basket' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

Regulatory protein cro

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Documents

UniProt is an ELIXIR core data resource

Your basket is currently empty. ⁱ

Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ