Segmentation polarity homeobox protein engrailed

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Regions

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Drawing a stripe in Drosophila imaginal disks: negative regulation of decapentaplegic and patched expression by engrailed."
    Sanicola M., Sekelsky J., Elson S., Gelbart W.M.
    Genetics 139:745-756(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Drawing a stripe in Drosophila imaginal disks: negative regulation of decapentaplegic and patched expression by engrailed."
    Sanicola M., Sekelsky J., Elson S., Gelbart W.M.
    Genetics 139:745-756(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Multifactorial regulation of a hox target gene."
    Stobe P., Stein M.A., Stein S.M., Habring-Muller A., Bezdan D., Fuchs A.L., Hueber S.D., Wu H., Lohmann I.
    PLoS Genet 5:e1000412-e1000412(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequence-specific DNA binding Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Selection and characterization of sequences with high affinity for the engrailed protein of Drosophila."
    Saenz-Robles M.T., Maschat F., Tabata T., Scott M.P., Kornberg T.B.
    Mech Dev 53:185-195(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• analia development Source: FlyBase <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "The development of the Drosophila genital disc."
    Sanchez L., Guerrero I.
    Bioessays 23:698-707(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Subdividing cell populations in the developing limbs of Drosophila: do wing veins and leg segments define units of growth control?"
    Milan M., Cohen S.M.
    Dev Biol 217:1-9(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Sticking together and sorting things out: adhesion as a force in development."
    McNeill H.
    Nat Rev Genet 1:100-108(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• anterior head segmentation Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms."
    Peel A.
    Bioessays 26:1108-1116(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• axon guidance Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Determination of cell fate along the anteroposterior axis of the Drosophila ventral midline."
    Bossing T., Brand A.H.
    Development 133:1001-1012(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• compartment pattern specification Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Subdividing cell populations in the developing limbs of Drosophila: do wing veins and leg segments define units of growth control?"
    Milan M., Cohen S.M.
    Dev Biol 217:1-9(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression patterns of developmental genes reveal segment and parasegment organization of D. melanogaster genital discs."
    Freeland D.E., Kuhn D.T.
    Mech Dev 56:61-72(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• genital disc development Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Allocation and specification of the genital disc precursor cells in Drosophila."
    Chen E.H., Christiansen A.E., Baker B.S.
    Dev Biol 281:270-285(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• gonad development Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A genetic screen for mutations affecting gonad formation in Drosophila reveals a role for the slit/robo pathway."
    Weyers J.J., Milutinovich A.B., Takeda Y., Jemc J.C., Van Doren M.
    Dev Biol 353:217-228(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "The role of Polycomb-group response elements in regulation of engrailed transcription in Drosophila."
    DeVido S.K., Kwon D., Brown J.L., Kassis J.A.
    Development 135:669-676(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of gene expression Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Role of en and novel interactions between msh, ind, and vnd in dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila brain and ventral nerve cord."
    Seibert J., Urbach R.
    Dev Biol 346:332-345(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: FlyBaseInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Lineage-specific cell death in postembryonic brain development of Drosophila."
    Kumar A., Bello B., Reichert H.
    Development 136:3433-3442(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Drawing a stripe in Drosophila imaginal disks: negative regulation of decapentaplegic and patched expression by engrailed."
    Sanicola M., Sekelsky J., Elson S., Gelbart W.M.
    Genetics 139:745-756(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuroblast fate determination Source: FlyBase <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe "traditional" genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Requirement for engrailed and invected genes reveals novel regulatory interactions between engrailed/invected, patched, gooseberry and wingless during Drosophila neurogenesis."
    Bhat K.M., Schedl P.
    Development 124:1675-1688(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuron differentiation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Protective role of Engrailed in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease."
    Mugat B., Parmentier M.L., Bonneaud N., Chan H.Y., Maschat F.
    Hum Mol Genet 17:3601-3616(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• posterior compartment specification Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Sticking together and sorting things out: adhesion as a force in development."
    McNeill H.
    Nat Rev Genet 1:100-108(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• posterior head segmentation Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms."
    Peel A.
    Bioessays 26:1108-1116(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of gene expression Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Multifactorial regulation of a hox target gene."
    Stobe P., Stein M.A., Stein S.M., Habring-Muller A., Bezdan D., Fuchs A.L., Hueber S.D., Wu H., Lohmann I.
    PLoS Genet 5:e1000412-e1000412(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• segment polarity determination Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The origin and evolution of segmentation."
    Davis G.K., Patel N.H.
    Trends Cell Biol 9:M68-72(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms."
    Peel A.
    Bioessays 26:1108-1116(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Hox-controlled reorganisation of intrasegmental patterning cues underlies Drosophila posterior spiracle organogenesis."
    Merabet S., Hombria J.C., Hu N., Pradel J., Graba Y.
    Development 132:3093-3102(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• trunk segmentation Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "The evolution of arthropod segmentation mechanisms."
    Peel A.
    Bioessays 26:1108-1116(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ventral midline development Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Determination of cell fate along the anteroposterior axis of the Drosophila ventral midline."
    Bossing T., Brand A.H.
    Development 133:1001-1012(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation Source: FlyBaseTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Subdividing cell populations in the developing limbs of Drosophila: do wing veins and leg segments define units of growth control?"
    Milan M., Cohen S.M.
    Dev Biol 217:1-9(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Sticking together and sorting things out: adhesion as a force in development."
    McNeill H.
    Nat Rev Genet 1:100-108(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• wing disc morphogenesis Source: FlyBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "JAK/STAT controls organ size and fate specification by regulating morphogen production and signalling."
    Recasens-Alvarez C., Ferreira A., Milan M.
    Nat Commun 8:13815-13815(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

• UniProt annotation
• GO - Cellular component

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of the gene product at various stages of a cell, tissue or organism development. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at the protein level'.<p><a href='/help/developmental_stage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Developmental stageⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Compositional bias

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MALEDRCSPQ SAPSPITLQM QHLHHQQQQQ QQQQQQMQHL HQLQQLQQLH 
        60         70         80         90        100
QQQLAAGVFH HPAMAFDAAA AAAAAAAAAA AHAHAAALQQ RLSGSGSPAS 
       110        120        130        140        150
CSTPASSTPL TIKEEESDSV IGDMSFHNQT HTTNEEEEAE EDDDIDVDVD 
       160        170        180        190        200
DTSAGGRLPP PAHQQQSTAK PSLAFSISNI LSDRFGDVQK PGKSMENQAS 
       210        220        230        240        250
IFRPFEASRS QTATPSAFTR VDLLEFSRQQ QAAAAAATAA MMLERANFLN 
       260        270        280        290        300
CFNPAAYPRI HEEIVQSRLR RSAANAVIPP PMSSKMSDAN PEKSALGSLC 
       310        320        330        340        350
KAVSQIGQPA APTMTQPPLS SSASSLASPP PASNASTISS TSSVATSSSS 
       360        370        380        390        400
SSSGCSSAAS SLNSSPSSRL GASGSGVNAS SPQPQPIPPP SAVSRDSGME 
       410        420        430        440        450
SSDDTRSETG STTTEGGKNE MWPAWVYCTR YSDRPSSGPR YRRPKQPKDK 
       460        470        480        490        500
TNDEKRPRTA FSSEQLARLK REFNENRYLT ERRRQQLSSE LGLNEAQIKI 
       510        520        530        540        550
WFQNKRAKIK KSTGSKNPLA LQLMAQGLYN HTTVPLTKEE EELEMRMNGQ 

IP                                                     

Experimental Info

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Drosophila
   Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase
2. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families