Apolipoprotein A-II

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Caution

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• apolipoprotein receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II and structure of human serum high density lipoproteins. An approach by reassembly techniques."
    Ritter M.C., Scanu A.M.
    J Biol Chem 254:2517-2525(1979) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heat shock protein binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Heat shock protein 60 is a high-affinity high-density lipoprotein binding protein."
    Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Baranova I.N., Remaley A.T., Patterson A.P., Eggerman T.L.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 277:228-235(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipase inhibitor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid transporter activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Isolation and partial characterization of lipoprotein A-II (LP-A-II) particles of human plasma."
    Bekaert E.D., Alaupovic P., Knight-Gibson C., Norum R.A., Laux M.J., Ayrault-Jarrier M.
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1126:105-113(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylcholine binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The structure of apolipoprotein A-II in discoidal high density lipoproteins."
    Silva R.A., Schneeweis L.A., Krishnan S.C., Zhang X., Axelsen P.H., Davidson W.S.
    J Biol Chem 282:9713-9721(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II and structure of human serum high density lipoproteins. An approach by reassembly techniques."
    Ritter M.C., Scanu A.M.
    J Biol Chem 254:2517-2525(1979) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.16

    "Structure of human apolipoprotein D: locations of the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide links."
    Yang C.-Y., Gu Z.-W., Blanco-Vaca F., Gaskell S.J., Yang M., Massey J.B., Gotto A.M. Jr., Pownall H.J.
    Biochemistry 33:12451-12455(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BOND WITH APOD, INTERACTION WITH APOD.
• protein homodimerization activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The structure of apolipoprotein A-II in discoidal high density lipoproteins."
    Silva R.A., Schneeweis L.A., Krishnan S.C., Zhang X., Axelsen P.H., Davidson W.S.
    J Biol Chem 282:9713-9721(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia."
    Yeh F.L., Wang Y., Tom I., Gonzalez L.C., Sheng M.
    Neuron 91:328-340(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• cellular protein metabolic process Source: Reactome
• cholesterol efflux Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol homeostasis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol transport Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chylomicron assembly Source: Reactome
• chylomicron remodeling Source: Reactome
• diacylglycerol catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle assembly Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II and structure of human serum high density lipoproteins. An approach by reassembly techniques."
    Ritter M.C., Scanu A.M.
    J Biol Chem 254:2517-2525(1979) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Influence of apolipoprotein composition of high density lipoprotein particles on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Particles containing various proportions of apolipoproteins AI and AII."
    Lagrost L., Persegol L., Lallemant C., Gambert P.
    J Biol Chem 269:3189-3197(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• intermembrane lipid transfer Source: GOC
• lipoprotein metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief Bioinform 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Influence of apolipoprotein composition of high density lipoprotein particles on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Particles containing various proportions of apolipoproteins AI and AII."
    Lagrost L., Persegol L., Lallemant C., Gambert P.
    J Biol Chem 269:3189-3197(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cholesterol import Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cholesterol transport Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Functional lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and high density lipoprotein deficiency in transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein A-II."
    Marzal-Casacuberta A., Blanco-Vaca F., Ishida B.Y., Julve-Gil J., Shen J., Calvet-Marquez S., Gonzalez-Sastre F., Chan L.
    J Biol Chem 271:6720-6728(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Influence of apolipoprotein composition of high density lipoprotein particles on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Particles containing various proportions of apolipoproteins AI and AII."
    Lagrost L., Persegol L., Lallemant C., Gambert P.
    J Biol Chem 269:3189-3197(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II downregulate neutrophil functions."
    Furlaneto C.J., Ribeiro F.P., Hatanaka E., Souza G.M., Cassatella M.A., Campa A.
    Lipids 37:925-928(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptidyl-methionine modification Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein."
    Pankhurst G., Wang X.L., Wilcken D.E., Baernthaler G., Panzenboeck U., Raftery M., Stocker R.
    J. Lipid Res. 44:349-355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY, OXIDATION AT MET-49.
• phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid efflux Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cholesterol esterification Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Stimulation of interleukin-8 production in human THP-1 macrophages by apolipoprotein(a). Evidence for a critical involvement of elements in its C-terminal domain."
    Klezovitch O., Edelstein C., Scanu A.M.
    J Biol Chem 276:46864-46869(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II influences the substrate properties of human HDL2 and HDL3 for hepatic lipase."
    Mowri H.O., Patsch J.R., Gotto A.M. Jr., Patsch W.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16:755-762(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Helical apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein enhance phagocytosis by stabilizing ATP-binding cassette transporter A7."
    Tanaka N., Abe-Dohmae S., Iwamoto N., Fitzgerald M.L., Yokoyama S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:2591-2599(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• post-translational protein modification Source: Reactome
• protein oxidation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.19

    "Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein."
    Pankhurst G., Wang X.L., Wilcken D.E., Baernthaler G., Panzenboeck U., Raftery M., Stocker R.
    J. Lipid Res. 44:349-355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY, OXIDATION AT MET-49.
• protein stabilization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Helical apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein enhance phagocytosis by stabilizing ATP-binding cassette transporter A7."
    Tanaka N., Abe-Dohmae S., Iwamoto N., Fitzgerald M.L., Yokoyama S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:2591-2599(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: Reactome
• regulation of protein stability Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to glucose Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "In vitro transcriptional induction of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene by glucose."
    Sauvaget D., Chauffeton V., Dugue-Pujol S., Kalopissis A.D., Guillet-Deniau I., Foufelle F., Chambaz J., Leturque A., Cardot P., Ribeiro A.
    Diabetes 53:672-678(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retinoid metabolic process Source: Reactome
• reverse cholesterol transport Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Human evidence that the apolipoprotein a-II gene is implicated in visceral fat accumulation and metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins."
    van 't Hooft F.M., Ruotolo G., Boquist S., de Faire U., Eggertsen G., Hamsten A.
    Circulation 104:1223-1228(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J Lipid Res 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Genetic variation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm%5Fprocessing%5Fsection">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• apolipoprotein receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heat shock protein binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Heat shock protein 60 is a high-affinity high-density lipoprotein binding protein."
    Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Baranova I.N., Remaley A.T., Patterson A.P., Eggerman T.L.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 277:228-235(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • Ref.16

    "Structure of human apolipoprotein D: locations of the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide links."
    Yang C.-Y., Gu Z.-W., Blanco-Vaca F., Gaskell S.J., Yang M., Massey J.B., Gotto A.M. Jr., Pownall H.J.
    Biochemistry 33:12451-12455(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BOND WITH APOD, INTERACTION WITH APOD.
• protein homodimerization activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The structure of apolipoprotein A-II in discoidal high density lipoproteins."
    Silva R.A., Schneeweis L.A., Krishnan S.C., Zhang X., Axelsen P.H., Davidson W.S.
    J Biol Chem 282:9713-9721(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia."
    Yeh F.L., Wang Y., Tom I., Gonzalez L.C., Sheng M.
    Neuron 91:328-340(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 7 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MKLLAATVLL LTICSLEGAL VRRQAKEPCV ESLVSQYFQT VTDYGKDLME 
        60         70         80         90        100
KVKSPELQAE AKSYFEKSKE QLTPLIKKAG TELVNFLSYF VELGTQPATQ 

Experimental Info

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section provides information on polymorphic variants. If the variant is associated with a disease state, the description of the latter can be found in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/involvement%5Fin%5Fdisease">'Involvement in disease'</a> subsection.<p><a href='/help/polymorphism' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Polymorphismⁱ

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Genetic variation databases

2D gel databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 1
   Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families