Apolipoprotein A-I

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• amyloid-beta binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I directly interacts with amyloid precursor protein and inhibits A beta aggregation and toxicity."
    Koldamova R.P., Lefterov I.M., Lefterova M.I., Lazo J.S.
    Biochemistry 40:3553-3560(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter."
    Nofer J.R., Remaley A.T., Feuerborn R., Wolinnska I., Engel T., von Eckardstein A., Assmann G.
    J. Lipid Res. 47:794-803(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apolipoprotein receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chemorepellent activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease."
    Hovingh G.K., Brownlie A., Bisoendial R.J., Dube M.P., Levels J.H., Petersen W., Dullaart R.P., Stroes E.S., Zwinderman A.H., de Groot E., Hayden M.R., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J.
    J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44:1429-1435(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol transporter activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease."
    Hovingh G.K., Brownlie A., Bisoendial R.J., Dube M.P., Levels J.H., Petersen W., Dullaart R.P., Stroes E.S., Zwinderman A.H., de Groot E., Hayden M.R., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J.
    J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44:1429-1435(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• enzyme binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Interaction of rat lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase with rat apolipoprotein A-I and with lecithin-cholesterol vesicles."
    Furukawa Y., Urano T., Hida Y., Itoh H., Takahashi C., Kimura S.
    J. Biochem. 111:413-418(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heat shock protein binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Heat shock protein 60 is a high-affinity high-density lipoprotein binding protein."
    Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Baranova I.N., Remaley A.T., Patterson A.P., Eggerman T.L.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 277:228-235(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle binding Source: Ensembl
• high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Binding and internalization of lipopolysaccharide by Cla-1, a human orthologue of rodent scavenger receptor B1."
    Vishnyakova T.G., Bocharov A.V., Baranova I.N., Chen Z., Remaley A.T., Csako G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:22771-22780(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: IntActInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The refined structure of nascent HDL reveals a key functional domain for particle maturation and dysfunction."
    Wu Z., Wagner M.A., Zheng L., Parks J.S., Shy J.M., Smith J.D., Gogonea V., Hazen S.L.
    Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14:861-868(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Structure of apolipoprotein A-I in spherical high density lipoproteins of different sizes."
    Silva R.A., Huang R., Morris J., Fang J., Gracheva E.O., Ren G., Kontush A., Jerome W.G., Rye K.A., Davidson W.S.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:12176-12181(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Methionine oxidation induces amyloid fibril formation by full-length apolipoprotein A-I."
    Wong Y.Q., Binger K.J., Howlett G.J., Griffin M.D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:1977-1982(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Identification of an amyloid fibril forming peptide comprising residues 46-59 of apolipoprotein A-I."
    Wong Y.Q., Binger K.J., Howlett G.J., Griffin M.D.
    FEBS Lett. 586:1754-1758(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The extreme N-terminal region of human apolipoprotein A-I has a strong propensity to form amyloid fibrils."
    Adachi E., Kosaka A., Tsuji K., Mizuguchi C., Kawashima H., Shigenaga A., Nagao K., Akaji K., Otaka A., Saito H.
    FEBS Lett. 588:389-394(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Amyloidogenic mutations in human apolipoprotein A-I are not necessarily destabilizing - a common mechanism of apolipoprotein A-I misfolding in familial amyloidosis and atherosclerosis."
    Das M., Mei X., Jayaraman S., Atkinson D., Gursky O.
    FEBS J. 281:2525-2542(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipase inhibitor activity Source: Ensembl
• phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A protein cofactor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase."
    Fielding C.J., Shore V.G., Fielding P.E.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1493-1498(1972) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A-V."
    Weinberg R.B., Cook V.R., Beckstead J.A., Martin D.D.O., Gallagher J.W., Shelness G.S., Ryan R.O.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:34438-34444(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid transporter activity Source: Ensembl
• signaling receptor binding Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia."
    Yeh F.L., Wang Y., Tom I., Gonzalez L.C., Sheng M.
    Neuron 91:328-340(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adrenal gland development Source: Ensembl
• animal organ regeneration Source: Ensembl
• blood vessel endothelial cell migration Source: Ensembl
• cellular protein metabolic process Source: Reactome
• cholesterol biosynthetic process Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol efflux Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "ABCA1 mediates concurrent cholesterol and phospholipid efflux to apolipoprotein A-I."
    Smith J.D., Le Goff W., Settle M., Brubaker G., Waelde C., Horwitz A., Oda M.N.
    J. Lipid Res. 45:635-644(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 down-regulates ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in vascular endothelial cells: a novel role of SREBP in regulating cholesterol metabolism."
    Zeng L., Liao H., Liu Y., Lee T.S., Zhu M., Wang X., Stemerman M.B., Zhu Y., Shyy J.Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:48801-48807(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter."
    Nofer J.R., Remaley A.T., Feuerborn R., Wolinnska I., Engel T., von Eckardstein A., Assmann G.
    J. Lipid Res. 47:794-803(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Scavenger receptor SR-BI in macrophage lipid metabolism."
    Ji A., Meyer J.M., Cai L., Akinmusire A., de Beer M.C., Webb N.R., van der Westhuyzen D.R.
    Atherosclerosis 217:106-112(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol homeostasis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol import Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Scavenger receptor class B type I-mediated cholesteryl ester-selective uptake and efflux of unesterified cholesterol. Influence of high density lipoprotein size and structure."
    Thuahnai S.T., Lund-Katz S., Dhanasekaran P., de la Llera-Moya M., Connelly M.A., Williams D.L., Rothblat G.H., Phillips M.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 279:12448-12455(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol metabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease."
    Hovingh G.K., Brownlie A., Bisoendial R.J., Dube M.P., Levels J.H., Petersen W., Dullaart R.P., Stroes E.S., Zwinderman A.H., de Groot E., Hayden M.R., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J.
    J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44:1429-1435(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cholesterol transport Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Fractional efflux and net change in cellular cholesterol content mediated by sera from mice expressing both human apolipoprotein AI and human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase genes."
    Fournier N., Atger V., Paul J.P., de la Llera Moya M., Rothblat G., Moatti N.
    Atherosclerosis 147:227-235(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chylomicron assembly Source: Reactome
• chylomicron remodeling Source: Reactome
• endothelial cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
• glucocorticoid metabolic process Source: Ensembl
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter."
    Nofer J.R., Remaley A.T., Feuerborn R., Wolinnska I., Engel T., von Eckardstein A., Assmann G.
    J. Lipid Res. 47:794-803(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle assembly Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Role of apolipoprotein A-I in the structure of human serum high density lipoproteins. Reconstitution studies."
    Ritter M.C., Scanus A.M.
    J. Biol. Chem. 252:1208-1216(1977) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: Reactome
• high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Scavenger receptor SR-BI in macrophage lipid metabolism."
    Ji A., Meyer J.M., Cai L., Akinmusire A., de Beer M.C., Webb N.R., van der Westhuyzen D.R.
    Atherosclerosis 217:106-112(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• integrin-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• lipid storage Source: Ensembl
• lipoprotein biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• lipoprotein metabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II downregulate neutrophil functions."
    Furlaneto C.J., Ribeiro F.P., Hatanaka E., Souza G.M., Cassatella M.A., Campa A.
    Lipids 37:925-928(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of inflammatory response Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II downregulate neutrophil functions."
    Furlaneto C.J., Ribeiro F.P., Hatanaka E., Souza G.M., Cassatella M.A., Campa A.
    Lipids 37:925-928(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipase activity Source: Ensembl
• negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-II regulates HDL stability and affects hepatic lipase association and activity."
    Boucher J., Ramsamy T.A., Braschi S., Sahoo D., Neville T.A., Sparks D.L.
    J. Lipid Res. 45:849-858(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptidyl-methionine modification Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.33

    "Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein."
    Pankhurst G., Wang X.L., Wilcken D.E., Baernthaler G., Panzenboeck U., Raftery M., Stocker R.
    J. Lipid Res. 44:349-355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY, OXIDATION AT MET-110 AND MET-136, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• peripheral nervous system axon regeneration Source: Ensembl
• phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A protein cofactor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase."
    Fielding C.J., Shore V.G., Fielding P.E.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1493-1498(1972) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid efflux Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "ABCA1 mediates concurrent cholesterol and phospholipid efflux to apolipoprotein A-I."
    Smith J.D., Le Goff W., Settle M., Brubaker G., Waelde C., Horwitz A., Oda M.N.
    J. Lipid Res. 45:635-644(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipid homeostasis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• platelet degranulation Source: Reactome
• positive regulation of cholesterol efflux Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "ABCA7 Mediates Phagocytic Clearance of Amyloid-beta in the Brain."
    Fu Y., Hsiao J.H., Paxinos G., Halliday G.M., Kim W.S.
    J. Alzheimers Dis. 54:569-584(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cholesterol esterification Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A protein cofactor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase."
    Fielding C.J., Shore V.G., Fielding P.E.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46:1493-1498(1972) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of hydrolase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Reconsideration of the catalytic center and mechanism of mammalian paraoxonase/arylesterase."
    Sorenson R.C., Primo-Parmo S.L., Kuo C.-L., Adkins S., Lockridge O., La Du B.N.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:7187-7191(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Helical apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein enhance phagocytosis by stabilizing ATP-binding cassette transporter A7."
    Tanaka N., Abe-Dohmae S., Iwamoto N., Fitzgerald M.L., Yokoyama S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:2591-2599(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of phospholipid efflux Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "ABCA7 Mediates Phagocytic Clearance of Amyloid-beta in the Brain."
    Fu Y., Hsiao J.H., Paxinos G., Halliday G.M., Kim W.S.
    J. Alzheimers Dis. 54:569-584(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of stress fiber assembly Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• post-translational protein modification Source: Reactome
• protein oxidation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.33

    "Characterization of specifically oxidized apolipoproteins in mildly oxidized high density lipoprotein."
    Pankhurst G., Wang X.L., Wilcken D.E., Baernthaler G., Panzenboeck U., Raftery M., Stocker R.
    J. Lipid Res. 44:349-355(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY, OXIDATION AT MET-110 AND MET-136, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
• protein stabilization Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Helical apolipoproteins of high-density lipoprotein enhance phagocytosis by stabilizing ATP-binding cassette transporter A7."
    Tanaka N., Abe-Dohmae S., Iwamoto N., Fitzgerald M.L., Yokoyama S.
    J. Lipid Res. 51:2591-2599(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• receptor-mediated endocytosis Source: Reactome
• regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter."
    Nofer J.R., Remaley A.T., Feuerborn R., Wolinnska I., Engel T., von Eckardstein A., Assmann G.
    J. Lipid Res. 47:794-803(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of cholesterol transport Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption Source: Ensembl
• regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: Reactome
• regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: Ensembl
• response to drug Source: Ensembl
• response to estrogen Source: Ensembl
• response to nutrient Source: Ensembl
• retinoid metabolic process Source: Reactome
• reverse cholesterol transport Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "A novel apoA-I mutation (L178P) leads to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial wall thickness, and premature coronary artery disease."
    Hovingh G.K., Brownlie A., Bisoendial R.J., Dube M.P., Levels J.H., Petersen W., Dullaart R.P., Stroes E.S., Zwinderman A.H., de Groot E., Hayden M.R., Kuivenhoven J.A., Kastelein J.J.
    J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44:1429-1435(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• transmembrane transport Source: Reactome
• triglyceride catabolic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• triglyceride homeostasis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide ETC-642 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that are comparable to high density lipoproteins."
    Di Bartolo B.A., Nicholls S.J., Bao S., Rye K.A., Heather A.K., Barter P.J., Bursill C.
    Atherosclerosis 217:395-400(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• vitamin transport Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Uptake and transport of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL-associated alpha-tocopherol by an in vitro blood-brain barrier model."
    Balazs Z., Panzenboeck U., Hammer A., Sovic A., Quehenberger O., Malle E., Sattler W.
    J. Neurochem. 89:939-950(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Pathology and Biotech’ section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

2D gel databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter."
    Nofer J.R., Remaley A.T., Feuerborn R., Wolinnska I., Engel T., von Eckardstein A., Assmann G.
    J. Lipid Res. 47:794-803(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apolipoprotein receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCAI transporter."
    Remaley A.T., Stonik J.A., Demosky S.J., Neufeld E.B., Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P., Duverger N.J., Santamarina-Fojo S., Brewer H.B. Jr.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 280:818-823(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chemorepellent activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein(a) acts as a chemorepellent to human vascular smooth muscle cells via integrin alphaVbeta3 and RhoA/ROCK-mediated mechanisms."
    Riches K., Franklin L., Maqbool A., Peckham M., Adams M., Bond J., Warburton P., Feric N.T., Koschinsky M.L., O'Regan D.J., Ball S.G., Turner N.A., Porter K.E.
    Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45:1776-1783(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• enzyme binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Interaction of rat lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase with rat apolipoprotein A-I and with lecithin-cholesterol vesicles."
    Furukawa Y., Urano T., Hida Y., Itoh H., Takahashi C., Kimura S.
    J. Biochem. 111:413-418(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• heat shock protein binding Source: CAFAInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Heat shock protein 60 is a high-affinity high-density lipoprotein binding protein."
    Bocharov A.V., Vishnyakova T.G., Baranova I.N., Remaley A.T., Patterson A.P., Eggerman T.L.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 277:228-235(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Apolipoprotein AII enrichment of HDL enhances their affinity for class B type I scavenger receptor but inhibits specific cholesteryl ester uptake."
    Pilon A., Briand O., Lestavel S., Copin C., Majd Z., Fruchart J.C., Castro G., Clavey V.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20:1074-1081(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Binding and internalization of lipopolysaccharide by Cla-1, a human orthologue of rodent scavenger receptor B1."
    Vishnyakova T.G., Bocharov A.V., Baranova I.N., Chen Z., Remaley A.T., Csako G., Eggerman T.L., Patterson A.P.
    J. Biol. Chem. 278:22771-22780(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• identical protein binding Source: IntActInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The refined structure of nascent HDL reveals a key functional domain for particle maturation and dysfunction."
    Wu Z., Wagner M.A., Zheng L., Parks J.S., Shy J.M., Smith J.D., Gogonea V., Hazen S.L.
    Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14:861-868(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Structure of apolipoprotein A-I in spherical high density lipoproteins of different sizes."
    Silva R.A., Huang R., Morris J., Fang J., Gracheva E.O., Ren G., Kontush A., Jerome W.G., Rye K.A., Davidson W.S.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:12176-12181(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Methionine oxidation induces amyloid fibril formation by full-length apolipoprotein A-I."
    Wong Y.Q., Binger K.J., Howlett G.J., Griffin M.D.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:1977-1982(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Identification of an amyloid fibril forming peptide comprising residues 46-59 of apolipoprotein A-I."
    Wong Y.Q., Binger K.J., Howlett G.J., Griffin M.D.
    FEBS Lett. 586:1754-1758(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "The extreme N-terminal region of human apolipoprotein A-I has a strong propensity to form amyloid fibrils."
    Adachi E., Kosaka A., Tsuji K., Mizuguchi C., Kawashima H., Shigenaga A., Nagao K., Akaji K., Otaka A., Saito H.
    FEBS Lett. 588:389-394(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Amyloidogenic mutations in human apolipoprotein A-I are not necessarily destabilizing - a common mechanism of apolipoprotein A-I misfolding in familial amyloidosis and atherosclerosis."
    Das M., Mei X., Jayaraman S., Atkinson D., Gursky O.
    FEBS J. 281:2525-2542(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signaling receptor binding Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia."
    Yeh F.L., Wang Y., Tom I., Gonzalez L.C., Sheng M.
    Neuron 91:328-340(2016) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MKAAVLTLAV LFLTGSQARH FWQQDEPPQS PWDRVKDLAT VYVDVLKDSG 
        60         70         80         90        100
RDYVSQFEGS ALGKQLNLKL LDNWDSVTST FSKLREQLGP VTQEFWDNLE 
       110        120        130        140        150
KETEGLRQEM SKDLEEVKAK VQPYLDDFQK KWQEEMELYR QKVEPLRAEL 
       160        170        180        190        200
QEGARQKLHE LQEKLSPLGE EMRDRARAHV DALRTHLAPY SDELRQRLAA 
       210        220        230        240        250
RLEALKENGG ARLAEYHAKA TEHLSTLSEK AKPALEDLRQ GLLPVLESFK 
       260 
VSFLSALEEY TKKLNTQ                                     

Experimental Info

<p>This subsection of the ‘Sequence’ section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Sequence’ section provides information on polymorphic variants. If the variant is associated with a disease state, the description of the latter can be found in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/involvement_in_disease">'Involvement in disease'</a> subsection.<p><a href='/help/polymorphism' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Polymorphismⁱ

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases