EPO

Functionⁱ

Hormone involved in the regulation of erythrocyte proliferation and differentiation and the maintenance of a physiological level of circulating erythrocyte mass. Binds to EPOR leading to EPOR dimerization and JAK2 activation thereby activating specific downstream effectors, including STAT1 and STAT3.1 Publication

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

cytokine activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 28283061
erythropoietin receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 28283061
hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
protein kinase activator activity
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

acute-phase response Source: Ensembl
aging Source: Ensembl
apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
blood circulation
Source: ProtInc
Non-traceable author statementⁱ
- 3838366
cell proliferation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 28283061
cellular hyperosmotic response
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 14569084
embryo implantation Source: Ensembl
erythrocyte differentiation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15084469
erythrocyte maturation Source: UniProtKB-KW
erythropoietin-mediated signaling pathway
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 28283061
hemoglobin biosynthetic process
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 14569084
negative regulation of cation channel activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 14569084
negative regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 14569084
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 14569084
negative regulation of neuron death Source: Ensembl
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16497104
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of cell proliferation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9722506
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of neuron projection development Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9722506
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9722506
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 9722506
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia Source: Reactome
response to axon injury Source: Ensembl
response to dexamethasone Source: Ensembl
response to electrical stimulus Source: Ensembl
response to estrogen Source: Ensembl
response to hyperoxia Source: Ensembl
response to hypoxia
Source: GO_Central
Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
- 21873635
response to interleukin-1 Source: Ensembl
response to lipopolysaccharide Source: Ensembl
response to salt stress Source: Ensembl
response to testosterone Source: Ensembl
response to vitamin A Source: Ensembl
signal transduction
Source: ProtInc
Non-traceable author statementⁱ
- 3838366

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Hormone
Biological process	Erythrocyte maturation

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-1234158 Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor
SignaLinkⁱ	P01588
SIGNORⁱ	P01588

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Erythropoietin Alternative name(s): INN: Epoetin
Gene namesⁱ	Name:EPO
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 7

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000130427.2
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:3415 EPO
MIMⁱ	133170 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P01588

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Microvascular complications of diabetes 2 (MVCD2)

Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionPathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.

Erythrocytosis, familial, 5 (ECYT5)2 Publications

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionAn autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased serum red blood cell mass, and elevated serum hemoglobin and hematocrit. Some patients have increased serum erythropoietin levels.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia-like (DBAL)1 Publication

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionAn autosomal recessive hematologic disease characterized by severe red cell hypoplastic anemia, selective absence of red cell precursors and progenitors seen on bone marrow biopsy, and increased serum erythropoietin.

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_078447	177	R → Q in DBAL; loss of support of normal erythroid expansion or differentiation; reduced ability to promote EPOR dimer formation upon binding, resulting in reduced JAK2 activation and decreased STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation; mild decrease in affinity for EPOR; no effect on STAT5A phosphorylation. 1 Publication		1

Pharmaceutical useⁱ

Used for the treatment of anemia. Available under the names Epogen (Amgen), Epogin (Chugai), Epomax (Elanex), Eprex (Janssen-Cilag), NeoRecormon or Recormon (Roche), Dynepo (Shire Pharmaceuticals) and Procrit (Ortho Biotech). Variations in the glycosylation pattern of EPO distinguishes these products. Epogen, Epogin, Eprex and Procrit are generically known as epoetin alfa, NeoRecormon and Recormon as epoetin beta, Dynepo as epoetin delta and Epomax as epoetin omega. Epoetin zeta is the name used for some 'biosimilars' forms of epoetin alfa and is available under the names Silapo (Stada) and Retacrit (Hospira). Darbepoetin alfa is a form created by 5 substitutions (Asn-57, Thr-59, Val-114, Asn-115 and Thr-117) that create 2 new N-glycosylation sites. It has a longer circulating half-life in vivo. It is available under the name Aranesp (Amgen). EPO is being much misused as a performance-enhancing drug in endurance athletes.

Mutagenesis

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Mutagenesisⁱ	127	S → E: Decreased erythrocyte proliferation; impaired EPOR dimerization following binding. 1 Publication		1

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Congenital erythrocytosis, Disease mutation

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	2056
MalaCards human disease database More...MalaCardsⁱ	EPO
MIMⁱ	612623 phenotype 617907 phenotype 617911 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000130427
Orphanetⁱ	247511 Autosomal dominant secondary polycythemia
PharmGKBⁱ	PA27833

Protein family/group databases

Allergomeⁱ	11697 Hom s EPO

Allergomeⁱ

11697 Hom s EPO

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL5837

ChEMBLⁱ

CHEMBL5837

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	EPO
DMDMⁱ	119526

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Signal peptideⁱ	1 – 27	1 PublicationAdd BLAST		27
ChainⁱPRO_0000008401	28 – 193	ErythropoietinAdd BLAST		166

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Disulfide bondⁱ	34 ↔ 188	1 Publication
GlycosylationⁱCAR_000052	51	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication	1
Disulfide bondⁱ	56 ↔ 60	1 Publication
GlycosylationⁱCAR_000166	65	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication	1
GlycosylationⁱCAR_000192	110	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine1 Publication	1
Glycosylationⁱ	153	O-linked (GalNAc...) serine1 Publication	1

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P01588
PaxDbⁱ	P01588
PRIDEⁱ	P01588
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51392

PTM databases

GlyConnectⁱ	139 140 141 142
iPTMnetⁱ	P01588
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P01588
UniCarbKBⁱ	P01588

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Produced by kidney or liver of adult mammals and by liver of fetal or neonatal mammals.

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000130427 Expressed in 66 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_EPO
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P01588 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	P01588 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	CAB010336

HPAⁱ

CAB010336

Interactionⁱ

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
EPHB4	P54760	6	EBI-1027362,EBI-702121
EPOR	P19235	2	EBI-1027362,EBI-617321

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

cytokine activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 28283061
erythropoietin receptor binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 28283061
hormone activity Source: UniProtKB-KW

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	108370, 4 interactors
CORUMⁱ	P01588
Database of interacting proteins More...DIPⁱ	DIP-5731N
IntActⁱ	P01588, 4 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000252723

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Helixⁱ	32 – 34	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	36 – 52	Combined sources	17
Helixⁱ	53 – 55	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	57 – 60	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	61 – 68	Combined sources	8
Helixⁱ	75 – 78	Combined sources	4
Beta strandⁱ	79 – 81	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	83 – 109	Combined sources	27
Helixⁱ	118 – 138	Combined sources	21
Helixⁱ	141 – 147	Combined sources	7
Beta strandⁱ	160 – 164	Combined sources	5
Helixⁱ	165 – 177	Combined sources	13
Helixⁱ	179 – 188	Combined sources	10

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P01588
SMRⁱ	P01588
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ

P01588

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the EPO/TPO family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Signal

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IHW5 Eukaryota ENOG410XTRF LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00390000017226
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000052505
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG003978
InParanoidⁱ	P01588
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K05437
OMAⁱ	MGCAEGC
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0PMA
PhylomeDBⁱ	P01588
TreeFamⁱ	TF333413

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR009079 4_helix_cytokine-like_core IPR019767 EPO/TPO_CS IPR001323 EPO_TPO IPR003013 Erythroptn
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR10370 PTHR10370, 1 hit
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00758 EPO_TPO, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF001951 EPO, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00272 ERYTHROPTN
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47266 SSF47266, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00817 EPO_TPO, 1 hit

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

P01588-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MGVHECPAWL WLLLSLLSLP LGLPVLGAPP RLICDSRVLE RYLLEAKEAE 
        60         70         80         90        100
NITTGCAEHC SLNENITVPD TKVNFYAWKR MEVGQQAVEV WQGLALLSEA 
       110        120        130        140        150
VLRGQALLVN SSQPWEPLQL HVDKAVSGLR SLTTLLRALG AQKEAISPPD 
       160        170        180        190 
AASAAPLRTI TADTFRKLFR VYSNFLRGKL KLYTGEACRT GDR

Length:193

Mass (Da):21,307

Last modified:July 21, 1986 - v1

Checksum:ⁱC91F0E4C26A52033

GO

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Sequence conflictⁱ	40	E → Q in CAA26095 (PubMed:3838366).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	85	Q → QQ AA sequence (PubMed:3949763).Curated	1
Sequence conflictⁱ	140	G → R in CAA26095 (PubMed:3838366).Curated	1

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Natural variantⁱVAR_080573	70	D → N in ECYT5; unknown pathological significance. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_080574	84	G → R in ECYT5; unknown pathological significance. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_080575	99	E → G Found in a patient thought to have erythrocytosis, but had normal red cell mass; unknown pathological significance. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_080576	114	P → L in ECYT5; unknown pathological significance. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_009870	131 – 132	SL → NF in a hepatocellular carcinoma.	2
Natural variantⁱVAR_080577	147	S → C in ECYT5; unknown pathological significance. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs149431976Ensembl.	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_009871	149	P → Q in a hepatocellular carcinoma. 1 Publication	1
Natural variantⁱVAR_078447	177	R → Q in DBAL; loss of support of normal erythroid expansion or differentiation; reduced ability to promote EPOR dimer formation upon binding, resulting in reduced JAK2 activation and decreased STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation; mild decrease in affinity for EPOR; no effect on STAT5A phosphorylation. 1 Publication	1

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X02158 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA26095.1 X02157 mRNA Translation: CAA26094.1 M11319 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA52400.1 AF053356 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC78791.1 AF202308, AF202306, AF202307 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23132.1 AH009004 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23133.1 AF202311 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF17572.1 AF202314, AF202312, AF202313 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23134.1 AC009488 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP22357.1 BC093628 mRNA Translation: AAH93628.1 BC111937 mRNA Translation: AAI11938.1 S65458 mRNA Translation: AAD13964.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS5705.1
PIRⁱ	A01855 ZUHU
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_000790.2, NM_000799.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.2303

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000252723; ENSP00000252723; ENSG00000130427
GeneIDⁱ	2056
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2056
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc003uwi.5 human

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Polymorphism

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P01588	Erythropoietin		HUMAN		194	UniRef100_P01588
Erythropoietin		HUMAN		193

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P01588	Erythropoietin		MACFA		192	UniRef90_P01588
Erythropoietin		MACMU		192
Erythropoietin		HUMAN		194
Erythropoietin		PANTR		193
Erythropoietin		PANPA		193
+36

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
P01588	Erythropoietin		MACMU		192	UniRef50_P01588
Erythropoietin		MACFA		192
Erythropoietin		RABIT		195
Erythropoietin		PIG		194
Erythropoietin		NANGA		192
+134

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Wikipedia

Erythropoietin entry

Protein Spotlight

Journey into a tiny world - Issue 84 of July 2007

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	X02158 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA26095.1 X02157 mRNA Translation: CAA26094.1 M11319 Genomic DNA Translation: AAA52400.1 AF053356 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC78791.1 AF202308, AF202306, AF202307 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23132.1 AH009004 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23133.1 AF202311 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF17572.1 AF202314, AF202312, AF202313 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF23134.1 AC009488 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP22357.1 BC093628 mRNA Translation: AAH93628.1 BC111937 mRNA Translation: AAI11938.1 S65458 mRNA Translation: AAD13964.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS5705.1
PIRⁱ	A01855 ZUHU
RefSeqⁱ	NP_000790.2, NM_000799.2
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.2303

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	1BUY	NMR	-	A	28-193	[»]
	1CN4	X-ray	2.80	C	28-193	[»]
	1EER	X-ray	1.90	A	28-193	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P01588
SMRⁱ	P01588
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGridⁱ	108370, 4 interactors
CORUMⁱ	P01588
DIPⁱ	DIP-5731N
IntActⁱ	P01588, 4 interactors
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000252723

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLⁱ	CHEMBL5837

ChEMBLⁱ

CHEMBL5837

Protein family/group databases

Allergomeⁱ	11697 Hom s EPO

Allergomeⁱ

11697 Hom s EPO

PTM databases

GlyConnectⁱ	139 140 141 142
iPTMnetⁱ	P01588
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	P01588
UniCarbKBⁱ	P01588

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	EPO
DMDMⁱ	119526

Proteomic databases

EPDⁱ	P01588
PaxDbⁱ	P01588
PRIDEⁱ	P01588
ProteomicsDBⁱ	51392

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000252723; ENSP00000252723; ENSG00000130427
GeneIDⁱ	2056
KEGGⁱ	hsa:2056
UCSCⁱ	uc003uwi.5 human

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	2056
DisGeNETⁱ	2056
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000130427.2
GeneCardsⁱ	EPO
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:3415 EPO
HPAⁱ	CAB010336
MalaCardsⁱ	EPO
MIMⁱ	133170 gene 612623 phenotype 617907 phenotype 617911 phenotype
neXtProtⁱ	NX_P01588
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000130427
Orphanetⁱ	247511 Autosomal dominant secondary polycythemia
PharmGKBⁱ	PA27833
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IHW5 Eukaryota ENOG410XTRF LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00390000017226
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000052505
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG003978
InParanoidⁱ	P01588
KOⁱ	K05437
OMAⁱ	MGCAEGC
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0PMA
PhylomeDBⁱ	P01588
TreeFamⁱ	TF333413

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactomeⁱ	R-HSA-1234158 Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor
SignaLinkⁱ	P01588
SIGNORⁱ	P01588

Miscellaneous databases

EvolutionaryTraceⁱ	P01588
GeneWikiⁱ	Erythropoietin
GenomeRNAiⁱ	2056
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:P01588
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000130427 Expressed in 66 organ(s), highest expression level in right lobe of liver
CleanExⁱ	HS_EPO
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	P01588 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	P01588 HS

Family and domain databases

InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR009079 4_helix_cytokine-like_core IPR019767 EPO/TPO_CS IPR001323 EPO_TPO IPR003013 Erythroptn
PANTHERⁱ	PTHR10370 PTHR10370, 1 hit
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00758 EPO_TPO, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF001951 EPO, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00272 ERYTHROPTN
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF47266 SSF47266, 1 hit
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00817 EPO_TPO, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	EPO_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	P01588Primary (citable) accession number: P01588 Secondary accession number(s): Q2M2L6 , Q549U2, Q9UDZ0, Q9UEZ5, Q9UHA0
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
	Last sequence update:	July 21, 1986
	Last modified:	November 7, 2018
	This is version 190 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Pharmaceutical, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
Human chromosome 7
Human chromosome 7: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
Protein Spotlight
Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P01588 (EPO_HUMAN)

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Erythropoietin

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted

Extracellular region or secreted

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Microvascular complications of diabetes 2 (MVCD2)

Mutagenesis

Keywords - Diseasei

Organism-specific databases

Protein family/group databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Web resourcesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ