Interleukin-1 beta

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

Miscellaneous

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.14

    "Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase."
    Mizutani H., Schechter N., Lazarus G., Black R.A., Kupper T.S.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:821-825(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 114-135.
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.26

    "Direct binding to integrins and loss of disulfide linkage in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are involved in the agonistic action of IL-1beta."
    Takada Y.K., Yu J., Fujita M., Saegusa J., Wu C.Y., Takada Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 292:20067-20075(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH INTEGRINS ITGAV:ITGB3 AND ITGA5:ITGB1, SITES IMPORTANT FOR INTEGRIN BINDING, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-171; LYS-179; LYS-181; LYS-190; LYS-204; GLU-221; PHE-233 AND GLU-244.
• interleukin-1 receptor binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein domain specific binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The estrogen-responsive B box protein: a novel enhancer of interleukin-1beta secretion."
    Munding C., Keller M., Niklaus G., Papin S., Tschopp J., Werner S., Beer H.D.
    Cell Death Differ. 13:1938-1949(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• activation of MAPK activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• apoptotic process Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Cytokine-induced neutrophil-mediated injury of human endothelial cells."
    Bratt J., Palmblad J.
    J. Immunol. 159:912-918(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• astrocyte activation Source: Ensembl
• cell-cell signaling Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs."
    March C.J., Mosley B., Larsen A., Cerretti D.P., Braedt G., Price V., Gillis S., Henney C.S., Kronheim S.R., Grabstein K., Conlon P.J., Hopp T.P., Cosman D.
    Nature 315:641-647(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• cellular response to drug Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome."
    Burckstummer T., Baumann C., Bluml S., Dixit E., Durnberger G., Jahn H., Planyavsky M., Bilban M., Colinge J., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G.
    Nat. Immunol. 10:266-272(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to mechanical stimulus Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Expression of the Bcl-2 protein BAD promotes prostate cancer growth."
    Smith A.J., Karpova Y., D'Agostino R. Jr., Willingham M., Kulik G.
    PLoS ONE 4:e6224-e6224(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to organic cyclic compound Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cellular response to organic substance Source: MGIInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome."
    Burckstummer T., Baumann C., Bluml S., Dixit E., Durnberger G., Jahn H., Planyavsky M., Bilban M., Colinge J., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G.
    Nat. Immunol. 10:266-272(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• ectopic germ cell programmed cell death Source: Ensembl
• embryo implantation Source: BHF-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Cycling and early pregnant endometrium as a site of regulated expression of the vitamin D system."
    Vigano P., Lattuada D., Mangioni S., Ermellino L., Vignali M., Caporizzo E., Panina-Bordignon P., Besozzi M., Di Blasio A.M.
    J. Mol. Endocrinol. 36:415-424(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: Ensembl
• fever generation Source: UniProtKB-KW
• hyaluronan biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-7 modulates hyaluronan-mediated proximal tubular cell-monocyte interaction."
    Selbi W., de la Motte C., Hascall V., Phillips A.
    J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15:1199-1211(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• immune response Source: InterPro
• inflammatory response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• interleukin-1 beta production Source: Ensembl
• interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• interleukin-6 production Source: Ensembl
• lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• MAPK cascade Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• monocyte aggregation Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-7 modulates hyaluronan-mediated proximal tubular cell-monocyte interaction."
    Selbi W., de la Motte C., Hascall V., Phillips A.
    J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15:1199-1211(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of adiponectin secretion Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity <br />Used for any analysis based on sequence alignment, structure comparison, or evaluation of sequence features such as composition.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iss">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.4

    "cDNA cloning of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from mRNA of U937 cell line."
    Nishida T., Nishino N., Takano M., Kawai K., Bando K., Masui Y., Nakai S., Hirai Y.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 143:345-352(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of gap junction assembly Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Reciprocal regulation of the junctional proteins claudin-1 and connexin43 by interleukin-1beta in primary human fetal astrocytes."
    Duffy H.S., John G.R., Lee S.C., Brosnan C.F., Spray D.C.
    J. Neurosci. 20:RC114-RC114(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha impede neutral lipid turnover in macrophage-derived foam cells."
    Persson J., Nilsson J., Lindholm M.W.
    BMC Immunol. 9:70-70(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of neurogenesis Source: ARUK-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Fractalkine and CX 3 CR1 regulate hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged rats."
    Bachstetter A.D., Morganti J.M., Jernberg J., Schlunk A., Mitchell S.H., Brewster K.W., Hudson C.E., Cole M.J., Harrison J.K., Bickford P.C., Gemma C.
    Neurobiol. Aging 32:2030-2044(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of synaptic transmission Source: ARUK-UCL
• neutrophil chemotaxis Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta promotes malignant transformation and tumor aggressiveness in oral cancer."
    Lee C.H., Chang J.S., Syu S.H., Wong T.S., Chan J.Y., Tang Y.C., Yang Z.P., Yang W.C., Chen C.T., Lu S.C., Tang P.H., Yang T.C., Chu P.Y., Hsiao J.R., Liu K.J.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 230:875-884(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Cycling and early pregnant endometrium as a site of regulated expression of the vitamin D system."
    Vigano P., Lattuada D., Mangioni S., Ermellino L., Vignali M., Caporizzo E., Panina-Bordignon P., Besozzi M., Di Blasio A.M.
    J. Mol. Endocrinol. 36:415-424(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Evidence for auto/paracrine actions of vitamin D in bone: 1alpha-hydroxylase expression and activity in human bone cells."
    van Driel M., Koedam M., Buurman C.J., Hewison M., Chiba H., Uitterlinden A.G., Pols H.A., van Leeuwen J.P.
    FASEB J. 20:2417-2419(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production Source: BHF-UCL <p>Non-traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for statements in the abstract, introduction or discussion of a paper that cannot be traced back to another publication.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#nas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Non-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of ROS/NF-kappaB and Ca2+/CaM kinase II are necessary for VCAM-1 induction in IL-1beta-treated human tracheal smooth muscle cells."
    Luo S.F., Chang C.C., Lee I.T., Lee C.W., Lin W.N., Lin C.C., Yang C.M.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 237:8-21(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW
• positive regulation of cell migration Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta promotes malignant transformation and tumor aggressiveness in oral cancer."
    Lee C.H., Chang J.S., Syu S.H., Wong T.S., Chan J.Y., Tang Y.C., Yang Z.P., Yang W.C., Chen C.T., Lu S.C., Tang P.H., Yang T.C., Chu P.Y., Hsiao J.R., Liu K.J.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 230:875-884(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta promotes malignant transformation and tumor aggressiveness in oral cancer."
    Lee C.H., Chang J.S., Syu S.H., Wong T.S., Chan J.Y., Tang Y.C., Yang Z.P., Yang W.C., Chen C.T., Lu S.C., Tang P.H., Yang T.C., Chu P.Y., Hsiao J.R., Liu K.J.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 230:875-884(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of complement activation Source: ARUK-UCL <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes."
    van Scheppingen J., Mills J.D., Zimmer T.S., Broekaart D.W.M., Iori V., Bongaarts A., Anink J.J., Iyer A.M., Korotkov A., Jansen F.E., van Hecke W., Spliet W.G., van Rijen P.C., Baayen J.C., Vezzani A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E.
    Glia 66:1082-1097(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta promotes malignant transformation and tumor aggressiveness in oral cancer."
    Lee C.H., Chang J.S., Syu S.H., Wong T.S., Chan J.Y., Tang Y.C., Yang Z.P., Yang W.C., Chen C.T., Lu S.C., Tang P.H., Yang T.C., Chu P.Y., Hsiao J.R., Liu K.J.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 230:875-884(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of fever generation Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of gene expression Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Proinflammatory stimuli induce galectin-9 in human mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation."
    Gieseke F., Kruchen A., Tzaribachev N., Bentzien F., Dominici M., Muller I.
    Eur. J. Immunol. 43:2741-2749(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of glial cell proliferation Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "Effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors in vitro."
    Merrill J.E.
    Dev. Neurosci. 13:130-137(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Salmonella induced IL-23 and IL-1beta allow for IL-12 production by monocytes and Mphi1 through induction of IFN-gamma in CD56 NK/NK-like T cells."
    van de Wetering D., de Paus R.A., van Dissel J.T., van de Vosse E.
    PLoS ONE 4:e8396-e8396(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-7 modulates hyaluronan-mediated proximal tubular cell-monocyte interaction."
    Selbi W., de la Motte C., Hascall V., Phillips A.
    J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15:1199-1211(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of histone acetylation Source: BHF-UCLNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3 and autoregulation by early growth response 1 mediate interleukin 1beta induction of early growth response 1 transcription."
    Wang B., Chen J., Santiago F.S., Janes M., Kavurma M.M., Chong B.H., Pimanda J.E., Khachigian L.M.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30:536-545(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of histone phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCLNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3 and autoregulation by early growth response 1 mediate interleukin 1beta induction of early growth response 1 transcription."
    Wang B., Chen J., Santiago F.S., Janes M., Kavurma M.M., Chong B.H., Pimanda J.E., Khachigian L.M.
    Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30:536-545(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes."
    van Scheppingen J., Mills J.D., Zimmer T.S., Broekaart D.W.M., Iori V., Bongaarts A., Anink J.J., Iyer A.M., Korotkov A., Jansen F.E., van Hecke W., Spliet W.G., van Rijen P.C., Baayen J.C., Vezzani A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E.
    Glia 66:1082-1097(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interferon-gamma production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.18

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs."
    March C.J., Mosley B., Larsen A., Cerretti D.P., Braedt G., Price V., Gillis S., Henney C.S., Kronheim S.R., Grabstein K., Conlon P.J., Hopp T.P., Cosman D.
    Nature 315:641-647(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes."
    van Scheppingen J., Mills J.D., Zimmer T.S., Broekaart D.W.M., Iori V., Bongaarts A., Anink J.J., Iyer A.M., Korotkov A., Jansen F.E., van Hecke W., Spliet W.G., van Rijen P.C., Baayen J.C., Vezzani A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E.
    Glia 66:1082-1097(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion Source: Ensembl
• positive regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of chemokine expression by adiponectin in vitro is isoform dependent."
    Song H., Chan J., Rovin B.H.
    Transl Res 154:18-26(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of JNK cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
• positive regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
  • "Long-term treatment with interleukin-1beta induces insulin resistance in murine and human adipocytes."
    Lagathu C., Yvan-Charvet L., Bastard J.P., Maachi M., Quignard-Boulange A., Capeau J., Caron M.
    Diabetologia 49:2162-2173(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the proliferation and migration of human mesangial cells."
    Schramme A., Abdel-Bakky M.S., Kampfer-Kolb N., Pfeilschifter J., Gutwein P.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 370:311-316(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Source: BHF-UCLInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • Ref.2

    "Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs."
    March C.J., Mosley B., Larsen A., Cerretti D.P., Braedt G., Price V., Gillis S., Henney C.S., Kronheim S.R., Grabstein K., Conlon P.J., Hopp T.P., Cosman D.
    Nature 315:641-647(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
• positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Induction of chemokine expression by adiponectin in vitro is isoform dependent."
    Song H., Chan J., Rovin B.H.
    Transl Res 154:18-26(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Mechanism of IL-1beta-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability."
    Al-Sadi R., Ye D., Dokladny K., Ma T.Y.
    J. Immunol. 180:5653-5661(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response Source: ARUK-UCLTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Role of TNF in mast cell neuroinflammation and pain."
    Gu Y., Yang D.K., Spinas E., Kritas S.K., Saggini A., Caraffa A., Antinolfi P., Saggini R., Conti P.
    J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 29:787-791(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IRAK-M is a novel member of the Pelle/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family."
    Wesche H., Gao X., Li X., Kirschning C.J., Stark G.R., Cao Z.
    J. Biol. Chem. 274:19403-19410(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "IL-1beta-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha via an NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis."
    Jung Y.J., Isaacs J.S., Lee S., Trepel J., Neckers L.
    FASEB J. 17:2115-2117(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Mechanism of IL-1beta-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability."
    Al-Sadi R., Ye D., Dokladny K., Ma T.Y.
    J. Immunol. 180:5653-5661(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Nitric oxide mediates cytokine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets of Langerhans."
    Corbett J.A., Sweetland M.A., Wang J.L., Lancaster J.R. Jr., McDaniel M.L.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:1731-1735(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
• positive regulation of phagocytosis Source: AgBaseInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine endothelial cells is associated with the activity state of NF-kappaB and modulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta."
    Oviedo-Boyso J., Barriga-Rivera J.G., Valdez-Alarcon J.J., Bravo-Patino A., Carabez-Trejo A., Cajero-Juarez M., Baizabal-Aguirre V.M.
    Scand. J. Immunol. 67:169-176(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from genetic interactionⁱ
  • "miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes."
    van Scheppingen J., Mills J.D., Zimmer T.S., Broekaart D.W.M., Iori V., Bongaarts A., Anink J.J., Iyer A.M., Korotkov A., Jansen F.E., van Hecke W., Spliet W.G., van Rijen P.C., Baayen J.C., Vezzani A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E.
    Glia 66:1082-1097(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion Source: BHF-UCL
• positive regulation of protein export from nucleus Source: BHF-UCLNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Activation of ROS/NF-kappaB and Ca2+/CaM kinase II are necessary for VCAM-1 induction in IL-1beta-treated human tracheal smooth muscle cells."
    Luo S.F., Chang C.C., Lee I.T., Lee C.W., Lin W.N., Lin C.C., Yang C.M.
    Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 237:8-21(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "miR147b: A novel key regulator of interleukin 1 beta-mediated inflammation in human astrocytes."
    van Scheppingen J., Mills J.D., Zimmer T.S., Broekaart D.W.M., Iori V., Bongaarts A., Anink J.J., Iyer A.M., Korotkov A., Jansen F.E., van Hecke W., Spliet W.G., van Rijen P.C., Baayen J.C., Vezzani A., van Vliet E.A., Aronica E.
    Glia 66:1082-1097(2018) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred by Curator</p> <p>Used for cases where an annotation is not supported by any evidence but can be reasonably inferred by a curator from other GO annotations for which evidence <br />is available.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ic">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred by curatorⁱ
  • Ref.14

    "Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase."
    Mizutani H., Schechter N., Lazarus G., Black R.A., Kupper T.S.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:821-825(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 114-135.
• positive regulation of T cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.14

    "Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase."
    Mizutani H., Schechter N., Lazarus G., Black R.A., Kupper T.S.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:821-825(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 114-135.
• positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.18

    "IL-12 synergizes with IL-18 or IL-1beta for IFN-gamma production from human T cells."
    Tominaga K., Yoshimoto T., Torigoe K., Kurimoto M., Matsui K., Hada T., Okamura H., Nakanishi K.
    Int. Immunol. 12:151-160(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION.
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "BMP-7 modulates hyaluronan-mediated proximal tubular cell-monocyte interaction."
    Selbi W., de la Motte C., Hascall V., Phillips A.
    J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15:1199-1211(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha via an NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis."
    Jung Y.J., Isaacs J.S., Lee S., Trepel J., Neckers L.
    FASEB J. 17:2115-2117(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred by curatorⁱ
  • "IL-1beta-mediated up-regulation of HIF-1alpha via an NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway identifies HIF-1 as a critical link between inflammation and oncogenesis."
    Jung Y.J., Isaacs J.S., Lee S., Trepel J., Neckers L.
    FASEB J. 17:2115-2117(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein kinase B signaling Source: UniProtKBInferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Inhibitory effects of honokiol on lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses and signaling events in human renal mesangial cells."
    Wu F., Zhang W., Li L., Zheng F., Shao X., Zhou J., Li H.
    Eur. J. Pharmacol. 654:117-121(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of defense response to virus by host Source: Ensembl
• regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "IL-1beta promotes malignant transformation and tumor aggressiveness in oral cancer."
    Lee C.H., Chang J.S., Syu S.H., Wong T.S., Chan J.Y., Tang Y.C., Yang Z.P., Yang W.C., Chen C.T., Lu S.C., Tang P.H., Yang T.C., Chu P.Y., Hsiao J.R., Liu K.J.
    J. Cell. Physiol. 230:875-884(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Tumor necrosis factor disrupts claudin-5 endothelial tight junction barriers in two distinct NF-kappaB-dependent phases."
    Clark P.R., Kim R.K., Pober J.S., Kluger M.S.
    PLoS ONE 10:e0120075-e0120075(2015) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, activated by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1, inhibits apoptosis but does not activate NFkappaB in human endothelial cells."
    Madge L.A., Pober J.S.
    J. Biol. Chem. 275:15458-15465(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Nitric oxide mediates cytokine-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by human islets of Langerhans."
    Corbett J.A., Sweetland M.A., Wang J.L., Lancaster J.R. Jr., McDaniel M.L.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:1731-1735(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of neurogenesis Source: ARUK-UCL
• regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "signaling pathway involved in nitric oxide synthase type II activation in chondrocytes: synergistic effect of leptin with interleukin-1."
    Otero M., Lago R., Lago F., Reino J.J., Gualillo O.
    Arthritis Res. Ther. 7:R581-R591(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to ATP Source: Ensembl
• response to carbohydrate Source: Ensembl
• response to interleukin-1 Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "MiR-204 enhances the progression of osteoarthritis by suppressing the production of IL-1beta."
    Song X., Zhu M., Sun Y., Liu B., Yan Z., Yin Y.
    Pharmazie 72:587-592(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to lipopolysaccharide Source: ARUK-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells."
    Ceppi M., Pereira P.M., Dunand-Sauthier I., Barras E., Reith W., Santos M.A., Pierre P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:2735-2740(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequestering of triglyceride Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha impede neutral lipid turnover in macrophage-derived foam cells."
    Persson J., Nilsson J., Lindholm M.W.
    BMC Immunol. 9:70-70(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• signal transduction Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Rat ovarian interleukin-1alpha: interleukin-1-dependent in vitro expression."
    Kol S., Wong K.H., Ando M., Ben-Shlomo I., Adashi E.Y.
    Endocrine 11:269-275(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cytokine-induced neutrophil-mediated injury of human endothelial cells."
    Bratt J., Palmblad J.
    J. Immunol. 159:912-918(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• smooth muscle adaptation Source: BHF-UCLNon-traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Synergistic roles of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and interleukin-1beta in phenotypic modulation of human aortic smooth muscle cells."
    Chen C.N., Li Y.S., Yeh Y.T., Lee P.L., Usami S., Chien S., Chiu J.J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:2665-2670(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Mutagenesis

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/ptm_processing_section">PTM/processing</a> section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection <strong>complements</strong> the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which <strong>position-specific data is not yet available</strong>.<p><a href='/help/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at protein level’. <br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Expression’ section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function_section">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• cytokine activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.14

    "Rapid and specific conversion of precursor interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to an active IL-1 species by human mast cell chymase."
    Mizutani H., Schechter N., Lazarus G., Black R.A., Kupper T.S.
    J. Exp. Med. 174:821-825(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 114-135.
• integrin binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.26

    "Direct binding to integrins and loss of disulfide linkage in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are involved in the agonistic action of IL-1beta."
    Takada Y.K., Yu J., Fujita M., Saegusa J., Wu C.Y., Takada Y.
    J. Biol. Chem. 292:20067-20075(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH INTEGRINS ITGAV:ITGB3 AND ITGA5:ITGB1, SITES IMPORTANT FOR INTEGRIN BINDING, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-171; LYS-179; LYS-181; LYS-190; LYS-204; GLU-221; PHE-233 AND GLU-244.
• interleukin-1 receptor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein domain specific binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "The estrogen-responsive B box protein: a novel enhancer of interleukin-1beta secretion."
    Munding C., Keller M., Niklaus G., Papin S., Tschopp J., Werner S., Beer H.D.
    Cell Death Differ. 13:1938-1949(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 3 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MAEVPELASE MMAYYSGNED DLFFEADGPK QMKCSFQDLD LCPLDGGIQL 
        60         70         80         90        100
RISDHHYSKG FRQAASVVVA MDKLRKMLVP CPQTFQENDL STFFPFIFEE 
       110        120        130        140        150
EPIFFDTWDN EAYVHDAPVR SLNCTLRDSQ QKSLVMSGPY ELKALHLQGQ 
       160        170        180        190        200
DMEQQVVFSM SFVQGEESND KIPVALGLKE KNLYLSCVLK DDKPTLQLES 
       210        220        230        240        250
VDPKNYPKKK MEKRFVFNKI EINNKLEFES AQFPNWYIST SQAENMPVFL 
       260 
GGTKGGQDIT DFTMQFVSS                                   

Experimental Info

Natural variant

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 2
   Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
3. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
4. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
5. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
6. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations