VIP peptides

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCL <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "VIP induces the translocation and degradation of the alpha subunit of Gs protein in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells."
    Yajima Y., Akita Y., Saito T., Kawashima S.
    J. Biochem. 123:1024-1030(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuropeptide hormone activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptide hormone receptor binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cloning and functional expression of a human neuroendocrine vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor."
    Sreedharan S.P., Patel D.R., Huang J.-X., Goetzl E.J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193:546-553(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "VIP induces the translocation and degradation of the alpha subunit of Gs protein in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells."
    Yajima Y., Akita Y., Saito T., Kawashima S.
    J. Biochem. 123:1024-1030(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• antibacterial humoral response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• antifungal humoral response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• body fluid secretion Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients."
    Heinz-Erian P., Dey R.D., Flux M., Said S.I.
    Science 229:1407-1408(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• epinephrine secretion Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: Reactome
• innate immune response Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• learning or memory Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• mRNA stabilization Source: AgBase
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of potassium ion transport Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of blood vessel diameter Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "A vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth."
    Moody T.W., Zia F., Draoui M., Brenneman D.E., Fridkin M., Davidson A., Gozes I.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:4345-4349(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of epinephrine secretion Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of penile erection Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of protein catabolic process Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "VIP induces the translocation and degradation of the alpha subunit of Gs protein in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells."
    Yajima Y., Akita Y., Saito T., Kawashima S.
    J. Biochem. 123:1024-1030(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• prolactin secretion Source: AgBase
• regulation of protein localization Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "VIP induces the translocation and degradation of the alpha subunit of Gs protein in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells."
    Yajima Y., Akita Y., Saito T., Kawashima S.
    J. Biochem. 123:1024-1030(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of sensory perception of pain Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• response to yeast Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites."
    El Karim I.A., Linden G.J., Orr D.F., Lundy F.T.
    J. Neuroimmunol. 200:11-16(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Chemistry databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction_section%27">Interaction</a> section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• hormone activity Source: BHF-UCLInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "VIP induces the translocation and degradation of the alpha subunit of Gs protein in rat pituitary GH4C1 cells."
    Yajima Y., Akita Y., Saito T., Kawashima S.
    J. Biochem. 123:1024-1030(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• neuropeptide hormone activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• peptide hormone receptor binding Source: GO_CentralInferred from physical interactionⁱ
  • "Cloning and functional expression of a human neuroendocrine vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor."
    Sreedharan S.P., Patel D.R., Huang J.-X., Goetzl E.J.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193:546-553(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence_length">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences_section">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical_and_isoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry has 2 described isoforms and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MDTRNKAQLL VLLTLLSVLF SQTSAWPLYR APSALRLGDR IPFEGANEPD 
        60         70         80         90        100
QVSLKEDIDM LQNALAENDT PYYDVSRNAR HADGVFTSDF SKLLGQLSAK 
       110        120        130        140        150
KYLESLMGKR VSSNISEDPV PVKRHSDAVF TDNYTRLRKQ MAVKKYLNSI 
       160        170
LNGKRSSEGE SPDFPEELEK                                  

        10         20         30         40         50
MDTRNKAQLL VLLTLLSVLF SQTSAWPLYR APSALRLGDR IPFEGANEPD 
        60         70         80         90        100
QVSLKEDIDM LQNALAENDT PYYDVSRNAR HADGVFTSDF SKLLGQLSAK 
       110        120        130        140        150
KYLESLMGKR VSNISEDPVP VKRHSDAVFT DNYTRLRKQM AVKKYLNSIL 
       160 
NGKRSSEGES PDFPEELEK                                   

Experimental Info

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross_references_section">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
2. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
3. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
4. Human chromosome 6
   Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM