UniProtKB - O88273 (GREM2_MOUSE)
Protein
Gremlin-2
Gene
Grem2
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Status
Functioni
Cytokine that inhibits the activity of BMP2 and BMP4 in a dose-dependent manner, and thereby modulates signaling by BMP family members. Contributes to the regulation of embryonic morphogenesis via BMP family members. Antagonizes BMP4-induced suppression of progesterone production in granulosa cells.3 Publications
GO - Molecular functioni
- BMP binding Source: UniProtKB
- cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- heparin binding Source: UniProtKB
- identical protein binding Source: UniProtKB
- receptor ligand activity Source: GO_Central
GO - Biological processi
- animal organ morphogenesis Source: GO_Central
- cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
- determination of dorsal identity Source: UniProtKB
- embryonic body morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
- regulation of cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB
- sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Cytokine, Developmental protein, Heparin-binding |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-MMU-201451, Signaling by BMP |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Gremlin-2Alternative name(s): Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 2 Protein related to DAN and cerberus Short name: PRDC |
Gene namesi | Name:Grem2 Synonyms:Cktsf1b2, Prdc |
Organismi | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10090 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
MGIi | MGI:1344367, Grem2 |
Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted Curated
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular space Source: UniProtKB
Keywords - Cellular componenti
SecretedPathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesisi | 68 | L → A: Slightly reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. No effect on inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 72 | W → A: Strongly reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 96 | F → A: Reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 98 | Y → A: Strongly reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Strongly reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 104 | F → A: Reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Strongly reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 105 | Y → A: Strongly reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Strongly reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 117 | F → A: Strongly reduces affinity for BMP2 and BMP4. Strongly reduces inhibition of BMP2 signaling. 1 Publication | 1 | |
Mutagenesisi | 120 | C → S: No effect on dimerization. No effect on inhibition of BMP signaling. 1 Publication | 1 |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Signal peptidei | 1 – 21 | Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 21 | |
ChainiPRO_0000006721 | 22 – 168 | Gremlin-2Add BLAST | 147 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glycosylationi | 40 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis | 1 | |
Disulfide bondi | 73 ↔ 123 | PROSITE-ProRule annotation1 Publication | ||
Disulfide bondi | 87 ↔ 137 | PROSITE-ProRule annotation1 Publication | ||
Disulfide bondi | 97 ↔ 155 | PROSITE-ProRule annotation1 Publication | ||
Disulfide bondi | 101 ↔ 157 | PROSITE-ProRule annotation1 Publication | ||
Glycosylationi | 161 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
N-glycosylated.1 Publication
Keywords - PTMi
Disulfide bond, GlycoproteinProteomic databases
jPOSTi | O88273 |
PaxDbi | O88273 |
PeptideAtlasi | O88273 |
PRIDEi | O88273 |
PTM databases
GlyGeni | O88273, 2 sites |
iPTMneti | O88273 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | O88273 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Highly expressed in the ovary, followed by brain, spleen, colon, kidney and uterus. In ovary expressed in granulosa cells of selective early antral follicles.1 Publication
Developmental stagei
Expressed in commissural neurons in the developing spinal cord (PubMed:9639362). Expressed during the development of teeth and hair follicles (PubMed:26416033).2 Publications
Inductioni
Up-regulated by gonadotropin treatment.1 Publication
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000050069, Expressed in saccule of membranous labyrinth and 219 other tissues |
Genevisiblei | O88273, MM |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Homodimer.
Interacts with BMP2, BMP4 and BMP7, but has lower affinity for BMP7 than for BMP2 and BMP4. Binds heparin; this impairs the interaction with BMP2.
3 PublicationsBinary interactionsi
O88273
With | #Exp. | IntAct |
---|---|---|
itself | 3 | EBI-16064759,EBI-16064759 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- BMP binding Source: UniProtKB
- cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
- identical protein binding Source: UniProtKB
- receptor ligand activity Source: GO_Central
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIPi | DIP-60475N |
IntActi | O88273, 2 interactors |
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000049640 |
Miscellaneous databases
RNActi | O88273, protein |
Structurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details3D structure databases
SMRi | O88273 |
ModBasei | Search... |
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Domaini | 73 – 163 | CTCKPROSITE-ProRule annotationAdd BLAST | 91 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the DAN family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
SignalPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG502QZFW, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000154209 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_101024_2_0_1 |
InParanoidi | O88273 |
OMAi | CAFCKPH |
OrthoDBi | 1270652at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | O88273 |
TreeFami | TF106445 |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 2.10.90.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR006207, Cys_knot_C IPR029034, Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR004133, DAN IPR017159, Gremlin-1/2 |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF03045, DAN, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF037254, Gremlin_precursor, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00041, CT, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS01225, CTCK_2, 1 hit |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
O88273-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MFWKLSLTLL LVAVLVKVAE TRKNRPAGAI PSPYKDGSSN NSERWHHQIK
60 70 80 90 100
EVLASSQEAL VVTERKYLKS DWCKTQPLRQ TVSEEGCRSR TILNRFCYGQ
110 120 130 140 150
CNSFYIPRHV KKEEDSFQSC AFCKPQRVTS VIVELECPGL DPPFRIKKIQ
160
KVKHCRCMSV NLSDSDKQ
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB011030 mRNA Translation: BAA29038.1 BC079905 mRNA Translation: AAH79905.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS15545.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_035955.1, NM_011825.1 XP_006496889.1, XM_006496826.3 XP_017175937.1, XM_017320448.1 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000055294; ENSMUSP00000049640; ENSMUSG00000050069 |
GeneIDi | 23893 |
KEGGi | mmu:23893 |
UCSCi | uc007dtf.1, mouse |
Similar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AB011030 mRNA Translation: BAA29038.1 BC079905 mRNA Translation: AAH79905.1 |
CCDSi | CCDS15545.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_035955.1, NM_011825.1 XP_006496889.1, XM_006496826.3 XP_017175937.1, XM_017320448.1 |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
4JPH | X-ray | 2.25 | A/B/C/D | 22-168 | [»] | |
5HK5 | X-ray | 2.90 | E/F/G/H | 22-168 | [»] | |
SMRi | O88273 | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
PDBe-KBi | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIPi | DIP-60475N |
IntActi | O88273, 2 interactors |
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000049640 |
PTM databases
GlyGeni | O88273, 2 sites |
iPTMneti | O88273 |
PhosphoSitePlusi | O88273 |
Proteomic databases
jPOSTi | O88273 |
PaxDbi | O88273 |
PeptideAtlasi | O88273 |
PRIDEi | O88273 |
Protocols and materials databases
Antibodypediai | 4089, 158 antibodies |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000055294; ENSMUSP00000049640; ENSMUSG00000050069 |
GeneIDi | 23893 |
KEGGi | mmu:23893 |
UCSCi | uc007dtf.1, mouse |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 64388 |
MGIi | MGI:1344367, Grem2 |
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG502QZFW, Eukaryota |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00940000154209 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_101024_2_0_1 |
InParanoidi | O88273 |
OMAi | CAFCKPH |
OrthoDBi | 1270652at2759 |
PhylomeDBi | O88273 |
TreeFami | TF106445 |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-MMU-201451, Signaling by BMP |
Miscellaneous databases
BioGRID-ORCSi | 23893, 0 hits in 17 CRISPR screens |
ChiTaRSi | Grem2, mouse |
PROi | PR:O88273 |
RNActi | O88273, protein |
SOURCEi | Search... |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000050069, Expressed in saccule of membranous labyrinth and 219 other tissues |
Genevisiblei | O88273, MM |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 2.10.90.10, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR006207, Cys_knot_C IPR029034, Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR004133, DAN IPR017159, Gremlin-1/2 |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF03045, DAN, 1 hit |
PIRSFi | PIRSF037254, Gremlin_precursor, 1 hit |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00041, CT, 1 hit |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS01225, CTCK_2, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | GREM2_MOUSE | |
Accessioni | O88273Primary (citable) accession number: O88273 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | April 12, 2005 |
Last sequence update: | November 1, 1998 | |
Last modified: | December 2, 2020 | |
This is version 118 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
3D-structure, Reference proteomeDocuments
- MGD cross-references
Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references - SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families