GREM1

Functionⁱ

Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

BMP binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 27036124
cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
morphogen activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
protein homodimerization activity
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
- 27036124
receptor ligand activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity Source: BHF-UCL
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
cell-cell signaling Source: Ensembl
cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
cell morphogenesis
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 16545136
collagen fibril organization
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
determination of dorsal identity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 9660951
embryonic limb morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
limb development
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 10556075
mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
negative regulation of apoptotic process
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 10556075
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of bone mineralization
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of bone remodeling
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of bone trabecula formation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of cell growth Source: Ensembl
negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
Source: AgBase
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 10556075
negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis Source: BHF-UCL
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 27036124
negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 15539560
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
positive regulation of cell proliferation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 16545136
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Source: Ensembl
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
positive regulation of receptor internalization
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Source: BHF-UCL
positive regulation of telomerase activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 16545136
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
proximal/distal pattern formation Source: Ensembl
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
- 16816361
regulation of focal adhesion assembly Source: Ensembl
signal transduction Source: BHF-UCL
ureteric bud formation Source: Ensembl

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Cytokine

Molecular function

Cytokine

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Gremlin-1 Alternative name(s): Cell proliferation-inducing gene 2 protein Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1 DAN domain family member 2 Down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein Increased in high glucose protein 21 Publication Short name: IHG-21 Publication
Gene namesⁱ	Name:GREM1 Synonyms:CKTSF1B1, DAND2, DRM ORF Names:PIG2
Organismⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Dipnotetrapodomorpha › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Boreoeutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo
Proteomesⁱ	UP000005640 Componentⁱ: Chromosome 15

Organism-specific databases

EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000166923.10
Human Gene Nomenclature Database More...HGNCⁱ	HGNC:2001 GREM1
MIMⁱ	603054 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_O60565

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Secreted

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Polyposis syndrome, mixed hereditary 1 (HMPS1)1 Publication

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. HMPS1 is caused by a duplication spanning the 3' end of the SCG5 gene and a region upstream of the GREM1 locus. This duplication is associated with increased allele-specific GREM1 expression that may cause reduced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway activity. This mechanism also underlies tumorigenesis in juvenile polyposis of the large bowel (PubMed:22561515).1 Publication

Disease descriptionA disease characterized by apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of multiple types of colorectal polyp, with colorectal carcinoma occurring in a high proportion of affected individuals. Patients can develop polyps of multiple and mixed morphologies, including serrated lesions, Peutz-Jeghers polyps, juvenile polyps, conventional adenomas and colorectal carcinoma in the absence of any identifiable extra-colonic features.

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET More...DisGeNETⁱ	26585
MalaCards human disease database More...MalaCardsⁱ	GREM1
MIMⁱ	601228 phenotype
Open Targets More...OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000166923
Orphanetⁱ	157794 Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome
PharmGKBⁱ	PA26537

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	GREM1

BioMutaⁱ

GREM1

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Signal peptideⁱ	1 – 24	1 PublicationAdd BLAST		24
ChainⁱPRO_0000006714	25 – 184	Gremlin-1Add BLAST		160

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Glycosylationⁱ	42	N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagineSequence analysis	1
Disulfide bondⁱ	94 ↔ 144	Combined sources1 Publication
Disulfide bondⁱ	108 ↔ 158	Combined sources1 Publication
Disulfide bondⁱ	118 ↔ 176	Combined sources1 Publication
Disulfide bondⁱ	122 ↔ 178	Combined sources1 Publication

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Disulfide bond, Glycoprotein

Proteomic databases

MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase More...MaxQBⁱ	O60565
PaxDbⁱ	O60565
PeptideAtlas More...PeptideAtlasⁱ	O60565
PRIDEⁱ	O60565
ProteomicsDBⁱ	49469 49470 [O60565-2]

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	O60565
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	O60565

Expressionⁱ

Tissue specificityⁱ

Highly expressed in small intestine, fetal brain and colon. Expression is restricted to intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) at the crypt base. In subjects with HMPS1, by contrast, GREM1 is expressed, not only in basal ISEMFs, but also at very high levels in epithelial cells (predominantly colonocytes), with expression extending most of the way up the sides of the crypt. Weakly expressed in brain, ovary, prostate, pancreas and skeletal muscle. In brain found in the region localized around the internal capsule in the large subcortical nuclei, including caudate, putamen, substantia nigra, thalamus and subthalamus. Predominantly expressed in normal cells including neurons, astrocytes and fibroblasts.2 Publications

Inductionⁱ

By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines.2 Publications

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000166923 Expressed in 174 organ(s), highest expression level in mucosa of stomach
CleanExⁱ	HS_GREM1
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	O60565 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	O60565 HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas More...HPAⁱ	HPA007526

HPAⁱ

HPA007526

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homodimer; can also form homooligomers (PubMed:27036124). Interacts with BMP2; can form higher oligomers with BMP2 (PubMed:27036124). Interacts with SLIT1 and SLIT2 in a glycosylation-dependent manner (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication

Binary interactionsⁱ

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
KDR	P35968	4	EBI-944395,EBI-1005487
YWHAH	Q04917	5	EBI-944395,EBI-306940

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

BMP binding
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from direct assayⁱ
- 27036124
cytokine activity Source: UniProtKB-KW
morphogen activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
protein homodimerization activity
Source: UniProtKB
Inferred from physical interactionⁱ
- 27036124
receptor ligand activity
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding
Source: BHF-UCL
Inferred from sequence or structural similarityⁱ
- 9660951

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	O60565, 8 interactors
Molecular INTeraction database More...MINTⁱ	O60565
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000300177

Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Beta strandⁱ	74 – 76	Combined sources	3
Helixⁱ	77 – 86	Combined sources	10
Turnⁱ	87 – 89	Combined sources	3
Beta strandⁱ	93 – 103	Combined sources	11
Beta strandⁱ	111 – 131	Combined sources	21
Beta strandⁱ	134 – 157	Combined sources	24
Beta strandⁱ	161 – 180	Combined sources	20
Beta strandⁱ	182 – 184	Combined sources	3

Show more details

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	O60565
SMRⁱ	O60565
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Domainⁱ	94 – 184	CTCKAdd BLAST		91

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the DAN family.Curated

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Signal

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IG3Z Eukaryota ENOG4111HEF LUCA
Ensembl GeneTree More...GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00510000046909
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000237358
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051837
InParanoidⁱ	O60565
OMAⁱ	RVKECRC
Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0GL9
PhylomeDBⁱ	O60565
TreeFamⁱ	TF106445

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	2.10.90.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR006207 Cys_knot_C IPR029034 Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR004133 DAN IPR017159 Gremlin-1/2
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF03045 DAN, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF037254 Gremlin_precursor, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00041 CT, 1 hit

Sequences (2+)ⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

This entry describes 2 isoformsⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align Add to basket

This entry has 2 described isoforms and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show all Align All

Isoform 1 (identifier: O60565-1) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MSRTAYTVGA LLLLLGTLLP AAEGKKKGSQ GAIPPPDKAQ HNDSEQTQSP 
        60         70         80         90        100
QQPGSRNRGR GQGRGTAMPG EEVLESSQEA LHVTERKYLK RDWCKTQPLK 
       110        120        130        140        150
QTIHEEGCNS RTIINRFCYG QCNSFYIPRH IRKEEGSFQS CSFCKPKKFT 
       160        170        180 
TMMVTLNCPE LQPPTKKKRV TRVKQCRCIS IDLD

Length:184

Mass (Da):20,697

Last modified:August 1, 1998 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ4B588598DE12C47E

GO

Isoform 2 (identifier: O60565-2) [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
39-79: Missing.

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MSRTAYTVGA LLLLLGTLLP AAEGKKKGSQ GAIPPPDKAL HVTERKYLKR 
        60         70         80         90        100
DWCKTQPLKQ TIHEEGCNSR TIINRFCYGQ CNSFYIPRHI RKEEGSFQSC 
       110        120        130        140 
SFCKPKKFTT MMVTLNCPEL QPPTKKKRVT RVKQCRCISI DLD

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Show »

Length:143

Mass (Da):16,292

Checksum:ⁱ757BE38B3BE75C44

GO

Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesⁱ

There is 1 potential isoform mapped to this entry.BLAST Align Show all Add to basket

	Entry	Entry name		Protein names	Gene names	Length	Annotation

	H0YLY2	H0YLY2_HUMAN		Gremlin-1 Gremlin-1	GREM1	42	Annotation score:

Alternative sequence

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Alternative sequenceⁱVSP_013321	39 – 79	Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST		41

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF045800 mRNA Translation: AAC39725.1 AF110137 mRNA Translation: AAF06677.1 AF154054 mRNA Translation: AAG23891.1 AB032372 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA84462.1 AY232290 mRNA Translation: AAP69985.1 AK095890 mRNA Translation: BAC04643.1 BC069525 mRNA Translation: AAH69525.1 BC093778 mRNA Translation: AAH93778.1 BC101611 mRNA Translation: AAI01612.1
The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project More...CCDSⁱ	CCDS10029.1 [O60565-1] CCDS53927.1 [O60565-2]
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	NP_001178252.1, NM_001191323.1 [O60565-2] NP_037504.1, NM_013372.6 [O60565-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.40098

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000560830; ENSP00000453141; ENSG00000166923 [O60565-2] ENST00000622074; ENSP00000478319; ENSG00000166923 [O60565-1] ENST00000632478; ENSP00000488158; ENSG00000282046 [O60565-2] ENST00000632802; ENSP00000488588; ENSG00000282046 [O60565-1]
GeneIDⁱ	26585
KEGGⁱ	hsa:26585
UCSC genome browser More...UCSCⁱ	uc001zhe.3 human [O60565-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Alternative splicing

Similar proteinsⁱ

100% Identity
90% Identity
50% Identity

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
O60565	Gremlin-1		MACMU		184	UniRef100_O60565
Gremlin-1 isoform 1		CAMFR		258
Gremlin		HUMAN		184
Gremlin		PANTR		184
Gremlin		BOVIN		184
+14
O60565-2	Gremlin-1		MACMU		143	UniRef100_A0A1D5QQ60
gremlin-1 isoform X2		TARSY		143
GREM1 isoform 3		PONAB		143
GREM1 isoform 2		PANTR		143
gremlin-1 isoform X2		PHYCD		143
+4

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
O60565	Gremlin-1		MACMU		184	UniRef90_O60565
Gremlin-1 isoform 1		CAMFR		258
Gremlin		HUMAN		184
Gremlin		PANTR		184
Gremlin		BOVIN		184
+15
O60565-2	Gremlin-1		MACMU		143	UniRef90_A0A1D5QQ60
gremlin-1 isoform X2		TARSY		143
GREM1 isoform 3		PONAB		143
GREM1 isoform 2		PANTR		143
gremlin-1 isoform X2		PHYCD		143
+4

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length	Source
O60565	Gremlin-1		MACMU		184	UniRef50_O60565
Gremlin-1		CHICK		184
Gremlin-1		MOUSE		184
Gremlin-1		RAT		184
Gremlin-1 isoform 1		CAMFR		258
+209
O60565-2	Gremlin-1		XENLA		182	UniRef50_O73754
Gremlin		XENTR		182
Uncharacterized protein		ONCMY		182
gremlin-1-like		SALSA		182
Gremlin 1, cysteine knot superfamily, homolog (Xenopus laevis), isoform CRA_c		HUMAN		114
+173

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AF045800 mRNA Translation: AAC39725.1 AF110137 mRNA Translation: AAF06677.1 AF154054 mRNA Translation: AAG23891.1 AB032372 Genomic DNA Translation: BAA84462.1 AY232290 mRNA Translation: AAP69985.1 AK095890 mRNA Translation: BAC04643.1 BC069525 mRNA Translation: AAH69525.1 BC093778 mRNA Translation: AAH93778.1 BC101611 mRNA Translation: AAI01612.1
CCDSⁱ	CCDS10029.1 [O60565-1] CCDS53927.1 [O60565-2]
RefSeqⁱ	NP_001178252.1, NM_001191323.1 [O60565-2] NP_037504.1, NM_013372.6 [O60565-1]
UniGeneⁱ	Hs.40098

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations: Protein Data Bank Europe More...PDBeⁱ Protein Data Bank RCSB More...RCSB PDBⁱ Protein Data Bank Japan More...PDBjⁱ Links Updated	PDB entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
	5AEJ	X-ray	1.90	A/B/C/D	72-184	[»]
ProteinModelPortalⁱ	O60565
SMRⁱ	O60565
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActⁱ	O60565, 8 interactors
MINTⁱ	O60565
STRINGⁱ	9606.ENSP00000300177

PTM databases

iPTMnetⁱ	O60565
PhosphoSitePlusⁱ	O60565

Polymorphism and mutation databases

BioMutaⁱ	GREM1

BioMutaⁱ

GREM1

Proteomic databases

MaxQBⁱ	O60565
PaxDbⁱ	O60565
PeptideAtlasⁱ	O60565
PRIDEⁱ	O60565
ProteomicsDBⁱ	49469 49470 [O60565-2]

Protocols and materials databases

The DNASU plasmid repository More...DNASUⁱ	26585
Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensemblⁱ	ENST00000560830; ENSP00000453141; ENSG00000166923 [O60565-2] ENST00000622074; ENSP00000478319; ENSG00000166923 [O60565-1] ENST00000632478; ENSP00000488158; ENSG00000282046 [O60565-2] ENST00000632802; ENSP00000488588; ENSG00000282046 [O60565-1]
GeneIDⁱ	26585
KEGGⁱ	hsa:26585
UCSCⁱ	uc001zhe.3 human [O60565-1]

Organism-specific databases

CTDⁱ	26585
DisGeNETⁱ	26585
EuPathDBⁱ	HostDB:ENSG00000166923.10
GeneCardsⁱ	GREM1
HGNCⁱ	HGNC:2001 GREM1
HPAⁱ	HPA007526
MalaCardsⁱ	GREM1
MIMⁱ	601228 phenotype 603054 gene
neXtProtⁱ	NX_O60565
OpenTargetsⁱ	ENSG00000166923
Orphanetⁱ	157794 Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome
PharmGKBⁱ	PA26537
GenAtlas: human gene database More...GenAtlasⁱ	Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGⁱ	ENOG410IG3Z Eukaryota ENOG4111HEF LUCA
GeneTreeⁱ	ENSGT00510000046909
HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000237358
HOVERGENⁱ	HBG051837
InParanoidⁱ	O60565
OMAⁱ	RVKECRC
OrthoDBⁱ	EOG091G0GL9
PhylomeDBⁱ	O60565
TreeFamⁱ	TF106445

Miscellaneous databases

ChiTaRSⁱ	GREM1 human
GenomeRNAiⁱ	26585
Protein Ontology More...PROⁱ	PR:O60565
SOURCEⁱ	Search...

Gene expression databases

Bgeeⁱ	ENSG00000166923 Expressed in 174 organ(s), highest expression level in mucosa of stomach
CleanExⁱ	HS_GREM1
ExpressionAtlasⁱ	O60565 baseline and differential
Genevisibleⁱ	O60565 HS

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	2.10.90.10, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR006207 Cys_knot_C IPR029034 Cystine-knot_cytokine IPR004133 DAN IPR017159 Gremlin-1/2
Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF03045 DAN, 1 hit
PIRSFⁱ	PIRSF037254 Gremlin_precursor, 1 hit
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM00041 CT, 1 hit
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	GREM1_HUMAN
Accessionⁱ	O60565Primary (citable) accession number: O60565 Secondary accession number(s): Q52LV3, Q8N914, Q8N936
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 12, 2005
	Last sequence update:	August 1, 1998
	Last modified:	September 12, 2018
	This is version 145 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Chordata Protein Annotation Program
Disclaimer	Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

3D-structure, Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families
MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
PDB cross-references
Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
Human chromosome 15
Human chromosome 15: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - O60565 (GREM1_HUMAN)

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Gremlin-1

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted

Extracellular region or secreted

Other locations

Keywords - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

Organism-specific databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMi

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

GO - Molecular functioni

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Keywords - Domaini

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Alternative sequence

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

Documents

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ