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UniProtKB - O43708 (MAAI_HUMAN)

Entry version 211 (10 Feb 2021)
Sequence version 3 (24 Nov 2009)
Previous versions | rss
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Protein

Maleylacetoacetate isomerase

Gene

GSTZ1

Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:

Annotation score:5 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Bifunctional enzyme showing minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Has also low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. Is able to catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid.1 Publication

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. a chemical reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.<p><a href='/help/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityi

<p>This subsection of the 'Function' section provides information relevant to cofactors. A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.<p><a href='/help/cofactor' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cofactori

glutathioneNote: Glutathione is required for the MAAI activity.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathway' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathwayi: L-phenylalanine degradation

This protein is involved in step 5 of the subpathway that synthesizes acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
Proteins known to be involved in the 6 steps of the subpathway in this organism are:
  1. Phe-4-monooxygenase (PAH), Phe-4-monooxygenase (PAH), Phe-4-monooxygenase (PAH), Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH), Phe-4-monooxygenase
  2. Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), Tyrosine aminotransferase, Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT)
  3. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD)
  4. Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD), Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD)
  5. Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1), Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1), Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1), Maleylacetoacetate isomerase, Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1), Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1)
  6. Fumarylacetoacetase (FAH), Fumarylacetoacetase, Fumarylacetoacetase (FAH)
This subpathway is part of the pathway L-phenylalanine degradation, which is itself part of Amino-acid degradation.
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine, the pathway L-phenylalanine degradation and in Amino-acid degradation.

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">Function</a> section describes the interaction between a single amino acid and another chemical entity. Priority is given to the annotation of physiological ligands.<p><a href='/help/binding' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binding sitei45Glutathione1 Publication1
Binding sitei59Glutathione; via amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen1 Publication1
Binding sitei111Glutathione1 Publication1

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processi

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi

Molecular functionIsomerase, Multifunctional enzyme, Transferase
Biological processPhenylalanine catabolism, Tyrosine catabolism

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc Collection of Pathway/Genome Databases

More...BioCyci		MetaCyc:HS02114-MONOMER

BRENDA Comprehensive Enzyme Information System

More...BRENDAi		2.5.1.18, 2681
5.2.1.2, 2681

Pathway Commons web resource for biological pathway data

More...PathwayCommonsi		O43708

Reactome - a knowledgebase of biological pathways and processes

More...Reactomei		R-HSA-156590, Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-204174, Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
R-HSA-8963684, Tyrosine catabolism

UniPathway: a resource for the exploration and annotation of metabolic pathways

More...UniPathwayi		UPA00139;UER00340

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase (EC:5.2.1.2)
Short name:
MAAI
Alternative name(s):
GSTZ1-1
Glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (EC:2.5.1.18)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. Four distinct tokens exist: 'Name', 'Synonyms', 'Ordered locus names' and 'ORF names'.<p><a href='/help/gene_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Gene namesi
Name:GSTZ1
Synonyms:MAAI
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>OrganismiHomo sapiens (Human)
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri9606 [NCBI]
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineageiEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section is present for entries that are part of a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/proteomes">proteome</a>, i.e. of a set of proteins thought to be expressed by organisms whose genomes have been completely sequenced.<p><a href='/help/proteomes_manual' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Proteomesi
  • UP000005640 <p>A UniProt <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/proteomes%5Fmanual">proteome</a> can consist of several components.<br></br>The component name refers to the genomic component encoding a set of proteins.<p><a href='/help/proteome_component' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Componenti: Chromosome 14

Organism-specific databases

Human Gene Nomenclature Database

More...HGNCi		HGNC:4643, GSTZ1

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)

More...MIMi		603758, gene

neXtProt; the human protein knowledge platform

More...neXtProti		NX_O43708

Eukaryotic Pathogen, Vector and Host Database Resources

More...VEuPathDBi		HostDB:ENSG00000100577.18

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

Extracellular region or secreted Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Manual annotation Automatic computational assertionGraphics by Christian Stolte & Seán O’Donoghue; Source: COMPARTMENTS

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Cytoplasm

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

<p>This subsection of the 'Pathology and Biotech' section provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim">OMIM</a> database are represented with a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:<p><a href='/help/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseasei

Maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency (MAAID)1 Publication
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease descriptionAn autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by mild elevations in succinylacetone in blood and urine, usually identified by newborn screening. Liver function and coagulation are normal. MAAID is a benign disorder.
Related information in OMIM
Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural variantiVAR_07925987 – 216Missing in MAAID. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST130
Natural variantiVAR_07926099V → M in MAAID; decreased maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. 1 Publication1
Natural variantiVAR_079261150A → V in MAAID; decreased maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. 1 Publication1

Keywords - Diseasei

Disease variant

Organism-specific databases

DisGeNET

More...DisGeNETi		2954

MalaCards human disease database

More...MalaCardsi		GSTZ1
MIMi617596, phenotype

Open Targets

More...OpenTargetsi		ENSG00000100577

The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base

More...PharmGKBi		PA29031

Miscellaneous databases

Pharos NIH Druggable Genome Knowledgebase

More...Pharosi		O43708, Tbio

Chemistry databases

ChEMBL database of bioactive drug-like small molecules

More...ChEMBLi		CHEMBL4949

Drug and drug target database

More...DrugBanki		DB04447, 1,4-Dithiothreitol
DB08809, Dichloroacetic acid
DB00143, Glutathione
DB09462, Glycerin

Genetic variation databases

BioMuta curated single-nucleotide variation and disease association database

More...BioMutai		GSTZ1

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing or proteolytic cleavage.<p><a href='/help/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>ChainiPRO_00001860221 – 216Maleylacetoacetate isomeraseAdd BLAST216

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.<p><a href='/help/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei1N-acetylmethionineCombined sources1
Modified residuei32N6-acetyllysineCombined sources1
Modified residuei57N6-succinyllysineBy similarity1
Modified residuei136PhosphothreonineBy similarity1
Modified residuei177N6-succinyllysineBy similarity1

Keywords - PTMi

Acetylation, Phosphoprotein

Proteomic databases

Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics

More...EPDi		O43708

jPOST - Japan Proteome Standard Repository/Database

More...jPOSTi		O43708

MassIVE - Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment

More...MassIVEi		O43708

MaxQB - The MaxQuant DataBase

More...MaxQBi		O43708

PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three domains of life

More...PaxDbi		O43708

PeptideAtlas

More...PeptideAtlasi		O43708

PRoteomics IDEntifications database

More...PRIDEi		O43708

ProteomicsDB: a multi-organism proteome resource

More...ProteomicsDBi		49126 [O43708-1]
49127 [O43708-2]
976

PTM databases

iPTMnet integrated resource for PTMs in systems biology context

More...iPTMneti		O43708

Comprehensive resource for the study of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human, mouse and rat.

More...PhosphoSitePlusi		O43708

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityi

Mostly expressed in liver followed by kidney, skeletal muscle and brain. Also expressed in melanocytes, synovium, placenta, breast and fetal liver and heart.

Gene expression databases

Bgee dataBase for Gene Expression Evolution

More...Bgeei		ENSG00000100577, Expressed in right lobe of liver and 221 other tissues

ExpressionAtlas, Differential and Baseline Expression

More...ExpressionAtlasi		O43708, baseline and differential

Genevisible search portal to normalized and curated expression data from Genevestigator

More...Genevisiblei		O43708, HS

Organism-specific databases

Human Protein Atlas

More...HPAi		ENSG00000100577, Tissue enriched (liver)

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">'Interaction'</a> section provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/function%5Fsection">'Function'</a> section).<p><a href='/help/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structurei

Homodimer.

1 Publication

<p>This subsection of the '<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/interaction%5Fsection">Interaction</a>' section provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated at every <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/synchronization">UniProt release</a>.<p><a href='/help/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsi

Hide details

GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Protein-protein interaction databases

The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID)

More...BioGRIDi		109209, 19 interactors

Protein interaction database and analysis system

More...IntActi		O43708, 16 interactors

Molecular INTeraction database

More...MINTi		O43708

STRING: functional protein association networks

More...STRINGi		9606.ENSP00000216465

Miscellaneous databases

RNAct, Protein-RNA interaction predictions for model organisms.

More...RNActi		O43708, protein

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

Secondary structure

1216
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more details

3D structure databases

SWISS-MODEL Repository - a database of annotated 3D protein structure models

More...SMRi		O43708

Database of comparative protein structure models

More...ModBasei		Search...

Protein Data Bank in Europe - Knowledge Base

More...PDBe-KBi		Search...

Miscellaneous databases

Relative evolutionary importance of amino acids within a protein sequence

More...EvolutionaryTracei		O43708

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Domains and Repeats

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/family%5Fand%5Fdomains%5Fsection">Family and Domains</a> section describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.<p><a href='/help/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini4 – 87GST N-terminalAdd BLAST84
Domaini92 – 212GST C-terminalAdd BLAST121

Region

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Family and Domains' section describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.<p><a href='/help/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni14 – 19Glutathione binding6
Regioni71 – 72Glutathione binding2
Regioni115 – 117Glutathione binding3

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups

More...eggNOGi		KOG0868, Eukaryota

Ensembl GeneTree

More...GeneTreei		ENSGT00390000006580

The HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms

More...HOGENOMi		CLU_011226_20_3_1

InParanoid: Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups

More...InParanoidi		O43708

Database for complete collections of gene phylogenies

More...PhylomeDBi		O43708

TreeFam database of animal gene trees

More...TreeFami		TF105324

Family and domain databases

Conserved Domains Database

More...CDDi		cd03191, GST_C_Zeta, 1 hit
cd03042, GST_N_Zeta, 1 hit

Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation of Protein Families

More...Gene3Di		3.40.30.10, 1 hit

Integrated resource of protein families, domains and functional sites

More...InterProi		View protein in InterPro
IPR010987, Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like
IPR036282, Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf
IPR040079, Glutathione_S-Trfase
IPR004045, Glutathione_S-Trfase_N
IPR004046, GST_C
IPR005955, GST_Zeta
IPR034330, GST_Zeta_C
IPR034333, GST_Zeta_N
IPR036249, Thioredoxin-like_sf

Pfam protein domain database

More...Pfami		View protein in Pfam
PF14497, GST_C_3, 1 hit
PF13417, GST_N_3, 1 hit

Structure-Function Linkage Database

More...SFLDi		SFLDS00019, Glutathione_Transferase_(cytos, 1 hit

Superfamily database of structural and functional annotation

More...SUPFAMi		SSF47616, SSF47616, 1 hit
SSF52833, SSF52833, 1 hit

TIGRFAMs; a protein family database

More...TIGRFAMsi		TIGR01262, maiA, 1 hit

PROSITE; a protein domain and family database

More...PROSITEi		View protein in PROSITE
PS50405, GST_CTER, 1 hit
PS50404, GST_NTER, 1 hit

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (3+)i

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.

This entry describes 3 <p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section lists the alternative protein sequences (isoforms) that can be generated from the same gene by a single or by the combination of up to four biological events (alternative promoter usage, alternative splicing, alternative initiation and ribosomal frameshifting). Additionally, this section gives relevant information on each alternative protein isoform. This section is only present in reviewed entries, i.e. in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/alternative_products' target='_top'>More...</a></p> isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket

This entry has 3 described isoforms and 9 potential isoforms that are computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

Isoform 1 (identifier: O43708-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

This isoform has been chosen as the <div> <p><b>What is the canonical sequence?</b><p><a href='/help/canonical_and_isoforms' target='_top'>More...</a></p>canonicali sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

« Hide
        10         20         30         40         50
MQAGKPILYS YFRSSCSWRV RIALALKGID YKTVPINLIK DRGQQFSKDF 
        60         70         80         90        100
QALNPMKQVP TLKIDGITIH QSLAIIEYLE EMRPTPRLLP QDPKKRASVR 
       110        120        130        140        150
MISDLIAGGI QPLQNLSVLK QVGEEMQLTW AQNAITCGFN ALEQILQSTA 
       160        170        180        190        200
GIYCVGDEVT MADLCLVPQV ANAERFKVDL TPYPTISSIN KRLLVLEAFQ 
       210 
VSHPCRQPDT PTELRA
Length:216
Mass (Da):24,212
Last modified:November 24, 2009 - v3
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p> <p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.</p> <p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).</p> <p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. </p> <p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br /> <strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br /> <a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p> Checksum:i2B3112B8AE6B55E0
GO
Isoform 2 (identifier: O43708-2) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-55: Missing.

Show »
Length:161
Mass (Da):17,896
Checksum:i8EF7E58223F1C0E3
GO
Isoform 3 (identifier: O43708-3) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     73-114: Missing.

Show »
Length:174
Mass (Da):19,472
Checksum:i9C4636C87F67ADED
GO

<p>In eukaryotic reference proteomes, unreviewed entries that are likely to belong to the same gene are computationally mapped, based on gene identifiers from Ensembl, EnsemblGenomes and model organism databases.<p><a href='/help/gene_centric_isoform_mapping' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi

There are 9 potential isoforms mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basket
EntryEntry nameProtein names
Gene namesLengthAnnotation
A0A0C4DFM0A0A0C4DFM0_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1 hCG_22265
216Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V4T6G3V4T6_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
217Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V267G3V267_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
189Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V5T0G3V5T0_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
202Annotation score:

Annotation score:2 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
A0A0A0MR33A0A0A0MR33_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
174Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V5G8G3V5G8_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
38Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V3B9G3V3B9_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
119Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
G3V5U6G3V5U6_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
59Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>
H0YJN8H0YJN8_HUMAN
Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
GSTZ1
70Annotation score:

Annotation score:1 out of 5

<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>

Natural variant

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Natural variantiVAR_00970532K → E in allele GSTZ1*C. 6 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs7975Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_00970642R → G in allele GSTZ1*B and allele GSTZ1*C. 9 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs7972Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_00970782M → T7 PublicationsCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1046428Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_07925987 – 216Missing in MAAID. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST130
Natural variantiVAR_07926099V → M in MAAID; decreased maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. 1 Publication1
Natural variantiVAR_014505133N → H1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs2234955Ensembl.1
Natural variantiVAR_079261150A → V in MAAID; decreased maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. 1 Publication1

Alternative sequence

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section describes the sequence of naturally occurring alternative protein isoform(s). The changes in the amino acid sequence may be due to alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, alternative initiation, or ribosomal frameshifting.<p><a href='/help/var_seq' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Alternative sequenceiVSP_0398621 – 55Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST55
Alternative sequenceiVSP_04739273 – 114Missing in isoform 3. CuratedAdd BLAST42

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:

EMBL nucleotide sequence database

More...EMBLi

GenBank nucleotide sequence database

More...GenBanki

DNA Data Bank of Japan; a nucleotide sequence database

More...DDBJi
Links Updated
AJ001838 mRNA Translation: CAA05045.1
U86529 mRNA Translation: AAB96392.1
AF053545 AF053544 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC33591.1
AF098318 AF098317 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD43007.1
AK315154 mRNA Translation: BAG37600.1
CR456987 mRNA Translation: CAG33268.1
AY316305 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP69526.1
AC007954 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62559.1
CH471061 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW81278.1
CH471061 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW81279.1
BC001453 mRNA Translation: AAH01453.1

The Consensus CDS (CCDS) project

More...CCDSi		CCDS9858.1 [O43708-1]
CCDS9859.1 [O43708-3]
CCDS9860.1 [O43708-2]

NCBI Reference Sequences

More...RefSeqi		NP_001299589.1, NM_001312660.1 [O43708-2]
NP_665877.1, NM_145870.2
NP_665878.2, NM_145871.2

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl eukaryotic genome annotation project

More...Ensembli		ENST00000361389; ENSP00000354959; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]
ENST00000393734; ENSP00000377335; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]
ENST00000557639; ENSP00000451927; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]

Database of genes from NCBI RefSeq genomes

More...GeneIDi		2954

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

More...KEGGi		hsa:2954

UCSC genome browser

More...UCSCi		uc001xtj.4, human [O43708-1]

Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi

Alternative splicing

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/cross%5Freferences%5Fsection">Cross-references</a> section provides links to various web resources that are relevant for a specific protein.<p><a href='/help/web_resource' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Web resourcesi

NIEHS-SNPs

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
AJ001838 mRNA Translation: CAA05045.1
U86529 mRNA Translation: AAB96392.1
AF053545 AF053544 Genomic DNA Translation: AAC33591.1
AF098318 AF098317 Genomic DNA Translation: AAD43007.1
AK315154 mRNA Translation: BAG37600.1
CR456987 mRNA Translation: CAG33268.1
AY316305 Genomic DNA Translation: AAP69526.1
AC007954 Genomic DNA Translation: AAF62559.1
CH471061 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW81278.1
CH471061 Genomic DNA Translation: EAW81279.1
BC001453 mRNA Translation: AAH01453.1
CCDSiCCDS9858.1 [O43708-1]
CCDS9859.1 [O43708-3]
CCDS9860.1 [O43708-2]
RefSeqiNP_001299589.1, NM_001312660.1 [O43708-2]
NP_665877.1, NM_145870.2
NP_665878.2, NM_145871.2

3D structure databases

Select the link destinations:

Protein Data Bank Europe

More...PDBei

Protein Data Bank RCSB

More...RCSB PDBi

Protein Data Bank Japan

More...PDBji
Links Updated
PDB entryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
1FW1X-ray1.90A1-216[»]
SMRiO43708
ModBaseiSearch...
PDBe-KBiSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

BioGRIDi109209, 19 interactors
IntActiO43708, 16 interactors
MINTiO43708
STRINGi9606.ENSP00000216465

Chemistry databases

ChEMBLiCHEMBL4949
DrugBankiDB04447, 1,4-Dithiothreitol
DB08809, Dichloroacetic acid
DB00143, Glutathione
DB09462, Glycerin

PTM databases

iPTMnetiO43708
PhosphoSitePlusiO43708

Genetic variation databases

BioMutaiGSTZ1

Proteomic databases

EPDiO43708
jPOSTiO43708
MassIVEiO43708
MaxQBiO43708
PaxDbiO43708
PeptideAtlasiO43708
PRIDEiO43708
ProteomicsDBi49126 [O43708-1]
49127 [O43708-2]
976

Protocols and materials databases

Antibodypedia a portal for validated antibodies

More...Antibodypediai		188, 224 antibodies

The DNASU plasmid repository

More...DNASUi		2954

Genome annotation databases

EnsembliENST00000361389; ENSP00000354959; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]
ENST00000393734; ENSP00000377335; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]
ENST00000557639; ENSP00000451927; ENSG00000100577 [O43708-2]
GeneIDi2954
KEGGihsa:2954
UCSCiuc001xtj.4, human [O43708-1]

Organism-specific databases

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

More...CTDi		2954
DisGeNETi2954

GeneCards: human genes, protein and diseases

More...GeneCardsi		GSTZ1
HGNCiHGNC:4643, GSTZ1
HPAiENSG00000100577, Tissue enriched (liver)
MalaCardsiGSTZ1
MIMi603758, gene
617596, phenotype
neXtProtiNX_O43708
OpenTargetsiENSG00000100577
PharmGKBiPA29031
VEuPathDBiHostDB:ENSG00000100577.18

GenAtlas: human gene database

More...GenAtlasi		Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGiKOG0868, Eukaryota
GeneTreeiENSGT00390000006580
HOGENOMiCLU_011226_20_3_1
InParanoidiO43708
PhylomeDBiO43708
TreeFamiTF105324

Enzyme and pathway databases

UniPathwayiUPA00139;UER00340
BioCyciMetaCyc:HS02114-MONOMER
BRENDAi2.5.1.18, 2681
5.2.1.2, 2681
PathwayCommonsiO43708
ReactomeiR-HSA-156590, Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-204174, Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
R-HSA-8963684, Tyrosine catabolism

Miscellaneous databases

BioGRID ORCS database of CRISPR phenotype screens

More...BioGRID-ORCSi		2954, 7 hits in 877 CRISPR screens

ChiTaRS: a database of human, mouse and fruit fly chimeric transcripts and RNA-sequencing data

More...ChiTaRSi		GSTZ1, human
EvolutionaryTraceiO43708

The Gene Wiki collection of pages on human genes and proteins

More...GeneWikii		GSTZ1

Database of phenotypes from RNA interference screens in Drosophila and Homo sapiens

More...GenomeRNAii		2954
PharosiO43708, Tbio

Protein Ontology

More...PROi		PR:O43708
RNActiO43708, protein

The Stanford Online Universal Resource for Clones and ESTs

More...SOURCEi		Search...

Gene expression databases

BgeeiENSG00000100577, Expressed in right lobe of liver and 221 other tissues
ExpressionAtlasiO43708, baseline and differential
GenevisibleiO43708, HS

Family and domain databases

CDDicd03191, GST_C_Zeta, 1 hit
cd03042, GST_N_Zeta, 1 hit
Gene3Di3.40.30.10, 1 hit
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR010987, Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like
IPR036282, Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf
IPR040079, Glutathione_S-Trfase
IPR004045, Glutathione_S-Trfase_N
IPR004046, GST_C
IPR005955, GST_Zeta
IPR034330, GST_Zeta_C
IPR034333, GST_Zeta_N
IPR036249, Thioredoxin-like_sf
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF14497, GST_C_3, 1 hit
PF13417, GST_N_3, 1 hit
SFLDiSFLDS00019, Glutathione_Transferase_(cytos, 1 hit
SUPFAMiSSF47616, SSF47616, 1 hit
SSF52833, SSF52833, 1 hit
TIGRFAMsiTIGR01262, maiA, 1 hit
PROSITEiView protein in PROSITE
PS50405, GST_CTER, 1 hit
PS50404, GST_NTER, 1 hit

ProtoNet; Automatic hierarchical classification of proteins

More...ProtoNeti		Search...

MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations

More...MobiDBi		Search...

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry nameiMAAI_HUMAN
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: O43708
Secondary accession number(s): A6NED0
, A6NNB8, A8MWD7, B2RCK3, O15308, O75430, Q6IB17, Q7Z610, Q9BV63
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: December 15, 1998
Last sequence update: November 24, 2009
Last modified: February 10, 2021
This is version 211 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
<p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Keywords - Technical termi

3D-structure, Reference proteome

Documents

  1. Human chromosome 14
    Human chromosome 14: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
  2. Human entries with genetic variants
    List of human entries with genetic variants
  3. Human variants curated from literature reports
    Index of human variants curated from literature reports
  4. MIM cross-references
    Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  5. PATHWAY comments
    Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways
  6. PDB cross-references
    Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
  7. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families
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