Beta-defensin 4A

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• CCR6 chemokine receptor binding Source: UniProtKB <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells."
    Roehrl J., Yang D., Oppenheim J.J., Hehlgans T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:7028-7034(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, BINDING TO CCR6.
• chemoattractant activity Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

GO - Biological processⁱ

• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of CXCL14 suggests an immediate role in skin infections."
    Maerki C., Meuter S., Liebi M., Muhlemann K., Frederick M.J., Yawalkar N., Moser B., Wolf M.
    J. Immunol. 182:507-514(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• antimicrobial humoral response Source: Reactome
• cell chemotaxis Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• chemotaxis Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells."
    Roehrl J., Yang D., Oppenheim J.J., Hehlgans T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:7028-7034(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, BINDING TO CCR6.
• defense response to bacterium Source: MGI <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ
  • "Role of defensins in corneal epithelial barrier function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa traversal."
    Augustin D.K., Heimer S.R., Tam C., Li W.Y., Le Due J.M., Evans D.J., Fleiszig S.M.
    Infect. Immun. 79:595-605(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Engineering disulfide bonds of the novel human beta-defensins hBD-27 and hBD-28: differences in disulfide formation and biological activity among human beta-defensins."
    Schulz A., Kluver E., Schulz-Maronde S., Adermann K.
    Biopolymers 80:34-49(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.7

    "Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells."
    Roehrl J., Yang D., Oppenheim J.J., Hehlgans T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:7028-7034(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, BINDING TO CCR6.
• defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Engineering disulfide bonds of the novel human beta-defensins hBD-27 and hBD-28: differences in disulfide formation and biological activity among human beta-defensins."
    Schulz A., Kluver E., Schulz-Maronde S., Adermann K.
    Biopolymers 80:34-49(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • Ref.7

    "Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells."
    Roehrl J., Yang D., Oppenheim J.J., Hehlgans T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:7028-7034(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, BINDING TO CCR6.
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: ProtInc <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ
  • "Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6."
    Yang D., Chertov O., Bykovskaia S.N., Chen Q., Buffo M.J., Shogan J., Anderson M., Schroder J.M., Wang J.M., Howard O.M., Oppenheim J.J.
    Science 286:525-528(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• immune response Source: ProtIncTraceable author statementⁱ
  • "Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6."
    Yang D., Chertov O., Bykovskaia S.N., Chen Q., Buffo M.J., Shogan J., Anderson M., Schroder J.M., Wang J.M., Howard O.M., Oppenheim J.J.
    Science 286:525-528(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• killing of cells of other organism Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Engineering disulfide bonds of the novel human beta-defensins hBD-27 and hBD-28: differences in disulfide formation and biological activity among human beta-defensins."
    Schulz A., Kluver E., Schulz-Maronde S., Adermann K.
    Biopolymers 80:34-49(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of CXCL14 suggests an immediate role in skin infections."
    Maerki C., Meuter S., Liebi M., Muhlemann K., Frederick M.J., Yawalkar N., Moser B., Wolf M.
    J. Immunol. 182:507-514(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

Protein family/group databases

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Organism-specific databases

Miscellaneous databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).<p><a href='/help/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• CCR6 chemokine receptor binding Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayⁱ
  • Ref.7

    "Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells."
    Roehrl J., Yang D., Oppenheim J.J., Hehlgans T.
    J. Biol. Chem. 285:7028-7034(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

    Cited for: FUNCTION, BINDING TO CCR6.
• chemoattractant activity Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

Secondary structure

3D structure databases

Miscellaneous databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

<p>This subsection of the 'Family and domains' section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is in its mature form or if it represents the precursor.<p><a href='/help/sequence_processing' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

        10         20         30         40         50
MRVLYLLFSF LFIFLMPLPG VFGGIGDPVT CLKSGAICHP VFCPRRYKQI 
        60 
GTCGLPGTKC CKKP                                        

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Chemistry databases

Protein family/group databases

Polymorphism and mutation databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. PDB cross-references
   Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families
3. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
4. Human chromosome 8
   Human chromosome 8: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM