UniProtKB - M0R8L2 (SPXN_RAT)
Protein
Spexin
Gene
SPX
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Status
Functioni
Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. Plays also a role in energy metabolism and storage. Inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation with minor stimulation on corticosteroid release (PubMed:20045034, PubMed:22038051).2 Publications
Acts as a ligand for galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3 (By similarity). Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces an increase in arterial blood pressure, a decrease in both heart rate and renal excretion and delayed natriuresis. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide induces a reduction in food consumption and body weight. Inhibits long chain fatty acid uptake into adipocytes. Also induces contraction of muscarinic-like stomach smooth muscles (PubMed:24550067).By similarity1 Publication
Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces a decrease in heart rate, but no change in arterial pressure, and an increase in urine flow rate. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity (PubMed:22038051).1 Publication
GO - Molecular functioni
- neuropeptide hormone activity Source: UniProtKB
- type 2 galanin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
- type 3 galanin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
GO - Biological processi
- long-chain fatty acid import into cell Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of appetite Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of heart rate Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of renal sodium excretion Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
- regulation of sensory perception of pain Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | Hormone |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | |
Gene namesi | Name:SPX |
Organismi | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10116 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
RGDi | 1587448, Spx |
Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted By similarity
- extracellular space By similarity
Other locations
- secretory vesicle By similarity
Note: Secreted via the classical ER/Golgi-dependent pathway into the extracellular medium largely as a full-length protein without the signal peptide, and not as a hydrolyzed and amidated peptide. Localized extracellularly surrounding the villous trophoblastic cells. Detected in the serum (By similarity).By similarity
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular space Source: UniProtKB
Other locations
- cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB
- dense core granule Source: UniProtKB
- transport vesicle Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Cytoplasmic vesicle, SecretedPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Signal peptidei | 1 – 26 | Sequence analysisAdd BLAST | 26 | |
ChainiPRO_0000430222 | 27 – 116 | SpexinAdd BLAST | 90 | |
PropeptideiPRO_0000430223 | 27 – 35 | By similarity | 9 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000430224 | 36 – 49 | Spexin-1Add BLAST | 14 | |
PropeptideiPRO_0000430225 | 50 – 116 | By similarityAdd BLAST | 67 | |
PeptideiPRO_0000430226 | 53 – 70 | Spexin-2Add BLAST | 18 | |
PropeptideiPRO_0000430227 | 74 – 116 | By similarityAdd BLAST | 43 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 49 | Glutamine amideBy similarity | 1 |
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sitei | 35 – 36 | Cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2By similarity | 2 | |
Sitei | 52 – 53 | Cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2By similarity | 2 | |
Sitei | 72 – 73 | Cleavage; by prohormone convertase 2By similarity | 2 |
Keywords - PTMi
Amidation, Cleavage on pair of basic residuesProteomic databases
PaxDbi | M0R8L2 |
PRIDEi | M0R8L2 |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Widely expressed; predominantly expressed in epithelial cells in the skin, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems, retina, adrenal gland and various brain regions. In the adrenal gland, expressed in parenchymal cells of the cortex and in ganglionic cells and intermingled cortical cells of the medulla. Expressed in the type I glomic cells within the carotid body (at protein level). Widely expressed. Strongly expressed in esophagus, liver, pancreas, kidney, brain, hypothalamus, thyroid and ovary. Expressed in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata/reticularis (ZF/R) of the adrenal gland. Also expressed in stomach, lung, skeletal muscle, heart, uterus, spleen, adrenal gland and testis. Weakly expressed in small intestine, thymus, urinary bladder and adenohypophysis. In the brain, is expressed in the Barrington's nucleus, with lesser amount in the ventrolateral caudal periaqueductal gray (PAG) and in the mesopontine tegmentum.4 Publications
Inductioni
Up-regulated by enucleation-induced adrenocortical regeneration (at protein level). Up-regulated by dexamethasone (DX) treatment. Down-regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment. Up-regulated by hypoxia in the carotid body.3 Publications
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSRNOG00000053700, Expressed in frontal cortex and 4 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | M0R8L2, baseline and differential |
Interactioni
GO - Molecular functioni
- neuropeptide hormone activity Source: UniProtKB
- type 2 galanin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
- type 3 galanin receptor binding Source: UniProtKB
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000037793 |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the spexin family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
SignalPhylogenomic databases
GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000012501 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_169090_0_0_1 |
OMAi | ENFDQTR |
OrthoDBi | 1579616at2759 |
TreeFami | TF333402 |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR028126, Spexin |
PANTHERi | PTHR28590, PTHR28590, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF15171, Spexin, 1 hit |
s (2+)i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
This entry describes 2 produced by isoformsialternative splicing. AlignAdd to basketThis entry has 2 described isoforms and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All
Isoform 1 (identifier: M0R8L2-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
This isoform has been chosen as the sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. canonicali
10 20 30 40 50
MKGPSILAVA ALALLLVLSV LENSSGAPQR LSEKRNWTPQ AMLYLKGAQG
60 70 80 90 100
HRFISDQSRR KELADRPPPE RRNPNLQLLT LPEAAALFLA SLEKPQKDEG
110
GDFDKSKLLE DRRFYW
Computationally mapped potential isoform sequencesi
There is 1 potential isoform mapped to this entry.BLASTAlignShow allAdd to basketA0A0G2JTV7 | A0A0G2JTV7_RAT | Spexin hormone | Spx | 133 | Annotation score: |
Alternative sequence
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative sequenceiVSP_055872 | 71 – 116 | RRNPN…RRFYW → MNEVVDRKLLMFKTCIFTWE LLTSTHAHGLAHLCRMSNHF VHNAGQRKEKEGKGQRGRGG ETVKLKEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEA KT in isoform 2. CuratedAdd BLAST | 46 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AABR06034154 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034155 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034156 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034157 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034158 Genomic DNA No translation available. AY383715 mRNA Translation: AAQ96273.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_001077402.2, NM_001083933.3 [M0R8L2-1] |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSRNOT00000087378; ENSRNOP00000071461; ENSRNOG00000053700 [M0R8L2-1] |
GeneIDi | 691138 |
KEGGi | rno:691138 |
UCSCi | RGD:1587448, rat |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicingSimilar proteinsi
Cross-referencesi
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AABR06034154 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034155 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034156 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034157 Genomic DNA No translation available. AABR06034158 Genomic DNA No translation available. AY383715 mRNA Translation: AAQ96273.1 |
RefSeqi | NP_001077402.2, NM_001083933.3 [M0R8L2-1] |
3D structure databases
ModBasei | Search... |
SWISS-MODEL-Workspacei | Submit a new modelling project... |
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRINGi | 10116.ENSRNOP00000037793 |
Proteomic databases
PaxDbi | M0R8L2 |
PRIDEi | M0R8L2 |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSRNOT00000087378; ENSRNOP00000071461; ENSRNOG00000053700 [M0R8L2-1] |
GeneIDi | 691138 |
KEGGi | rno:691138 |
UCSCi | RGD:1587448, rat |
Organism-specific databases
CTDi | 80763 |
RGDi | 1587448, Spx |
Phylogenomic databases
GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000012501 |
HOGENOMi | CLU_169090_0_0_1 |
OMAi | ENFDQTR |
OrthoDBi | 1579616at2759 |
TreeFami | TF333402 |
Miscellaneous databases
PROi | PR:M0R8L2 |
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSRNOG00000053700, Expressed in frontal cortex and 4 other tissues |
ExpressionAtlasi | M0R8L2, baseline and differential |
Family and domain databases
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR028126, Spexin |
PANTHERi | PTHR28590, PTHR28590, 1 hit |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF15171, Spexin, 1 hit |
ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Entry informationi
Entry namei | SPXN_RAT | |
Accessioni | M0R8L2Primary (citable) accession number: M0R8L2 Secondary accession number(s): Q6TXE0 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | September 3, 2014 |
Last sequence update: | April 3, 2013 | |
Last modified: | August 12, 2020 | |
This is version 33 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Reference proteomeDocuments
- SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families