Transcription factor AP-2 beta

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• chromatin binding Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2beta regulates the neurotransmitter phenotype and maturation of chromaffin cells."
    Hong S.J., Huh Y.H., Leung A., Choi H.J., Ding Y., Kang U.J., Yoo S.H., Buettner R., Kim K.S.
    Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 46:245-251(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKB
• DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Source: UniProtKB
• protein dimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype correlation."
    Zhao F., Weismann C.G., Satoda M., Pierpont M.E.M., Sweeney E., Thompson E.M., Gelb B.D.
    Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:695-703(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein homodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype correlation."
    Zhao F., Weismann C.G., Satoda M., Pierpont M.E.M., Sweeney E., Thompson E.M., Gelb B.D.
    Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:695-703(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "A heart-hand syndrome gene: Tfap2b plays a critical role in the development and remodeling of mouse ductus arteriosus and limb patterning."
    Zhao F., Bosserhoff A.K., Buettner R., Moser M.
    PLoS ONE 6:e22908-e22908(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Source: GO_Central <p>Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor</p> <p>A type of phylogenetic evidence whereby an aspect of a descendent is inferred through the characterization of an aspect of a ancestral gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iba">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sequence-specific DNA binding Source: UniProtKB
• transcription coactivator activity Source: UniProtKB
• transcription corepressor activity Source: UniProtKB

GO - Biological processⁱ

• aorta morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• calcium ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• cellular ammonia homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• cellular creatinine homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• cellular urea homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• collecting duct development Source: UniProtKB
• distal tubule development Source: UniProtKB
• ductus arteriosus closure Source: UniProtKB
• fat cell differentiation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Genetic variations in the gene encoding TFAP2B are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus."
    Maeda S., Tsukada S., Kanazawa A., Sekine A., Tsunoda T., Koya D., Maegawa H., Kashiwagi A., Babazono T., Matsuda M., Tanaka Y., Fujioka T., Hirose H., Eguchi T., Ohno Y., Groves C.J., Hattersley A.T., Hitman G.A.

    , Walker M., Kaku K., Iwamoto Y., Kawamori R., Kikkawa R., Kamatani N., McCarthy M.I., Nakamura Y.
    J. Hum. Genet. 50:283-292(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Intronic polymorphisms within TFAP2B regulate transcriptional activity and affect adipocytokine gene expression in differentiated adipocytes."
    Tsukada S., Tanaka Y., Maegawa H., Kashiwagi A., Kawamori R., Maeda S.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 20:1104-1111(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• forelimb morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• glucose homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• glucose metabolic process Source: UniProtKB
• hindlimb morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
• kidney development Source: UniProtKB
• magnesium ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• metanephric nephron development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "The transcription factors AP-2beta and AP-2alpha are required for survival of sympathetic progenitors and differentiated sympathetic neurons."
    Schmidt M., Huber L., Majdazari A., Schutz G., Williams T., Rohrer H.
    Dev. Biol. 355:89-100(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
• negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
• phosphate ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype correlation."
    Zhao F., Weismann C.G., Satoda M., Pierpont M.E.M., Sweeney E., Thompson E.M., Gelb B.D.
    Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:695-703(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  • "Intronic polymorphisms within TFAP2B regulate transcriptional activity and affect adipocytokine gene expression in differentiated adipocytes."
    Tsukada S., Tanaka Y., Maegawa H., Kashiwagi A., Kawamori R., Maeda S.
    Mol. Endocrinol. 20:1104-1111(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
• positive regulation of urine volume Source: UniProtKB
• potassium ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of BMP signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of cell population proliferation Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• regulation of insulin secretion Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
• regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_CentralInferred from biological aspect of ancestorⁱ
  • "Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium."
    Gaudet P., Livstone M.S., Lewis S.E., Thomas P.D.
    Brief. Bioinformatics 12:449-462(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• renal water homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• response to drug Source: RGD <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ
  • "Brainstem levels of transcription factor AP-2 in rat are changed after treatment with phenelzine, but not with citalopram."
    Berggard C., Damberg M., Oreland L.
    BMC Pharmacol. 5:1-1(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• retina layer formation Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "AP2 transcription factor induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells."
    Li X., Glubrecht D.D., Godbout R.
    Genes Chromosomes Cancer 49:819-830(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sensory organ development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• skin development Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta."
    Moser M., Imhof A., Pscherer A., Bauer R., Amselgruber W., Sinowatz F., Schule R., Buettner R.
    Development 121:2779-2788(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• sodium ion homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
• sympathetic nervous system development Source: UniProtKB
• transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

• protein dimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo."
    Eloranta J.J., Hurst H.C.
    J. Biol. Chem. 277:30798-30804(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein heterodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype correlation."
    Zhao F., Weismann C.G., Satoda M., Pierpont M.E.M., Sweeney E., Thompson E.M., Gelb B.D.
    Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:695-703(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
• protein homodimerization activity Source: RGDInferred from sequence orthologyⁱ
  • "Novel TFAP2B mutations that cause Char syndrome provide a genotype-phenotype correlation."
    Zhao F., Weismann C.G., Satoda M., Pierpont M.E.M., Sweeney E., Thompson E.M., Gelb B.D.
    Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:695-703(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Region

Compositional bias

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence (1+)ⁱ

<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry has 1 described isoform and 1 potential isoform that is computationally mapped.Show allAlign All

        10         20         30         40         50
MHSPPRDQAA IMLWKLVENV KYEDIYEDRH DGVPSHSSRL SQLGSVSQGP 
        60         70         80         90        100
YSSAPPLSHT PSSDFQPPYF PPPYQPLPYH QSQDPYSHVN DPYSLNPLHQ 
       110        120        130        140        150
PQQHPWGQRQ RQEVGSEAGS LLPQPRAALP QLSGLDPRRD YHSVRRPDVL 
       160        170        180        190        200
LHSAHHGLDA GMGDSLSLHG LGHPGMEDVQ SVEDANNSGM NLLDQSVIKK 
       210        220        230        240        250
VPVPPKSVTS LMMNKDGFLG GMSVNTGEVF CSVPGRLSLL SSTSKYKVTV 
       260        270        280        290        300
GEVQRRLSPP ECLNASLLGG VLRRAKSKNG GRSLRERLEK IGLNLPAGRR 
       310        320        330        340        350
KAANVTLLTS LVEGEAVHLA RDFGYICETE FPAKAVSEYL NRQHTDPSDL 
       360        370        380        390        400
HSRKNMLLAT KQLCKEFTDL LAQDRTPIGN SRPSPILEPG IQSCLTHFSL 
       410        420        430        440        450
ITHGFGAPAI CAALTALQNY LTEALKGMDK MFLNNTTNRH TSGEGPGQRA 

PRV                                                    

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ

• 100% Identity
• 90% Identity
• 50% Identity

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn't fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ