UniProtKB - C0HKQ6 (XAC2_XYLAI)
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>sp|C0HKQ6|XAC2_XYLAI Antimicrobial peptide Xac-2 OS=Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans OX=135722 PE=1 SV=1 GFVALLKKLPLILKHLPHelp videoAdd a publicationFeedback
Protein
Antimicrobial peptide Xac-2
Gene
N/A
Organism
Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Japanese carpenter bee)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score:
Annotation score:4 out of 5
<p>The annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a UniProtKB entry or proteome. This score <strong>cannot</strong> be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the 'correct annotation' for any given protein.<p><a href='/help/annotation_score' target='_top'>More...</a></p>-Experimental evidence at protein leveli <p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed.<p><a href='/help/protein_existence' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Select a section on the left to see content.
<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni
Antimicrobial and mast cell degranulating peptide which probably acts by forming pores in membranes. Active against Gram-negative bacterium E.coli NBRC 14237 (MIC=3.12 µM), against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus NBRC 12732 (MIC=3.12 µM) and M.luteus NBRC 12708 (MIC=6.25 µM) as well as against yeast S.cerevisiae NBRC 10217 (MIC=25 µM). Has hemolytic activity (at 100 µM).1 Publication
<p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More...</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi
- defense response to fungus Source: UniProtKB
<p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p>
<p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p>
<p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide%2Dgo%2Devidence%2Dcodes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p>
Inferred from direct assayi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
- defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
- defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
- hemolysis in other organism Source: UniProtKB-KW
<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='/help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywordsi
| Molecular function | Antibiotic, Antimicrobial, Fungicide |
| Biological process | Cytolysis, Hemolysis |
<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi
| <p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein, from commonly used to obsolete, to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.<p><a href='/help/protein_names' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Protein namesi | Recommended name: Antimicrobial peptide Xac-21 Publication<p>Manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific articles for which there is no experimental support.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000303">More...</a></p> Manual assertion based on opinion ini
Alternative name(s): Xylopinin1 Publication Manual assertion based on opinion ini
|
| <p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section provides information on the name(s) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/organism-name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Organismi | Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Japanese carpenter bee)1 Publication Manual assertion based on opinion ini
|
| <p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. This is known as the 'taxonomic identifier' or 'taxid'.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_identifier' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic identifieri | 135722 [NCBI] |
| <p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names%5Fand%5Ftaxonomy%5Fsection">Names and taxonomy</a> section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism. It lists the nodes as they appear top-down in the taxonomic tree, with the more general grouping listed first.<p><a href='/help/taxonomic_lineage' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Taxonomic lineagei | cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Protostomia › Ecdysozoa › Panarthropoda › Arthropoda › Mandibulata › Pancrustacea › Hexapoda › Insecta › Dicondylia › Pterygota › Neoptera › Holometabola › Hymenoptera › Apocrita › Aculeata › Apoidea › Apidae › Xylocopinae › Xylocopini › Xylocopa › Alloxylocopa › Xylocopa appendiculata |
<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi
Extracellular region or secreted
- Secreted 2 Publications
Manual assertion based on experiment ini
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17. - Ref.2"Peptidomic analysis of the venom of the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans."
Kazuma K., Ando K., Nihei K.I., Wang X., Rangel M., Franzolin M.R., Mori-Yasumoto K., Sekita S., Kadowaki M., Satake M., Konno K.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:40-40(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
- Secreted 2 Publications
Other locations
- Target cell membrane 1 Publication
<p>Manually curated information which has been inferred by a curator based on his/her scientific knowledge or on the scientific content of an article.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000305">More...</a></p> Manual assertion inferred by curator fromi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
Note: Assumes an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation in a lipid environment.1 Publication- Target cell membrane 1 Publication
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
Manual assertion based on experiment ini
Extracellular region or secreted
- extracellular region Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
- extracellular region Source: UniProtKBInferred from direct assayi
Other locations
- membrane Source: UniProtKB-KW
- other organism cell membrane Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Membrane, Secreted, Target cell membrane, Target membrane<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section describes the position and length of an active peptide in the mature protein.<p><a href='/help/peptide' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PeptideiPRO_0000441218 | 1 – 17 | Antimicrobial peptide Xac-22 Publications Manual assertion based on experiment ini
| 17 |
Amino acid modifications
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <p>This subsection of the 'PTM / Processing' section specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.<p><a href='/help/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei | 17 | Proline amide2 Publications Manual assertion based on experiment ini
| 1 |
Keywords - PTMi
Amidation<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni
<p>This subsection of the 'Expression' section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified 'at protein level'.<br></br>Examples: <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P92958#expression">P92958</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8TDN4#expression">Q8TDN4</a>, <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14734#expression">O14734</a><p><a href='/help/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityi
Expressed by the venom gland.1 Publication
Manual assertion inferred by curator fromi
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequence%5Flength">length</a> and <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences">molecular weight</a>. The information is filed in different subsections. The current subsections and their content are listed below:<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei
<p>This subsection of the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/sequences%5Fsection">Sequence</a> section indicates if the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.<p><a href='/help/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusi: Complete.
Length:17
Mass (Da):1,900
Last modified:August 30, 2017 - v1
<p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated
from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.</p>
<p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could
have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen
is extremely low.</p>
<p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case
of multiple genes (paralogs).</p>
<p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64)
using the generator polynomial: x<sup>64</sup> + x<sup>4</sup> + x<sup>3</sup> + x + 1.
The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard.
</p>
<p class="publication">Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.<br />
<strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php">Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993)</a>)</p>
Checksum:iFDBF8E1A150C10EF
<p>This subsection of the 'Sequence' section reports information derived from mass spectrometry experiments done on the entire protein or on biologically active derived peptide(s).<p><a href='/help/mass_spectrometry' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Mass spectrometryi
Molecular mass is 1900.3 Da. Determined by MALDI. 1 Publication
Manual assertion based on experiment ini
- Ref.1"Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata."
Kawakami H., Goto S.G., Murata K., Matsuda H., Shigeri Y., Imura T., Inagaki H., Shinada T.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:29-29(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
Molecular mass is 1899.267 Da. Determined by MALDI. 1 Publication
Manual assertion based on experiment ini
- Ref.2"Peptidomic analysis of the venom of the solitary bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans."
Kazuma K., Ando K., Nihei K.I., Wang X., Rangel M., Franzolin M.R., Mori-Yasumoto K., Sekita S., Kadowaki M., Satake M., Konno K.
J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 23:40-40(2017) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE, MASS SPECTROMETRY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AMIDATION AT PRO-17.
<p>This section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence(s) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds (100%, 90% and 50%) based on their membership in UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniref">UniRef</a>).<p><a href='/help/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsi
| Protein | Similar proteins | Species | Score | Length | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C0HKQ6 | Antimicrobial peptide Xac-1 | 17 | UniRef90_C0HKQ5 |
| Protein | Similar proteins | Species | Score | Length | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C0HKQ6 | Antimicrobial peptide Xac-1 | 17 | UniRef50_C0HKQ5 |
<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi
3D structure databases
Database of comparative protein structure models More...ModBasei | Search... |
SWISS-MODEL Interactive Workspace More...SWISS-MODEL-Workspacei | Submit a new modelling project... |
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet; Automatic hierarchical classification of proteins More...ProtoNeti | Search... |
MobiDB: a database of protein disorder and mobility annotations More...MobiDBi | Search... |
<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi
| <p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides a mnemonic identifier for a UniProtKB entry, but it is not a stable identifier. Each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.<p><a href='/help/entry_name' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry namei | XAC2_XYLAI | |
| <p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section provides one or more accession number(s). These are stable identifiers and should be used to cite UniProtKB entries. Upon integration into UniProtKB, each entry is assigned a unique accession number, which is called 'Primary (citable) accession number'.<p><a href='/help/accession_numbers' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Accessioni | C0HKQ6Primary (citable) accession number: C0HKQ6 | |
| <p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section shows the date of integration of the entry into UniProtKB, the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ('Last modified'). The version number for both the entry and the <a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/canonical%5Fand%5Fisoforms">canonical sequence</a> are also displayed.<p><a href='/help/entry_history' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | August 30, 2017 |
| Last sequence update: | August 30, 2017 | |
| Last modified: | December 11, 2019 | |
| This is version 4 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
| <p>This subsection of the 'Entry information' section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by UniProtKB curators or not, in other words, if the entry belongs to the Swiss-Prot section of UniProtKB (<strong>reviewed</strong>) or to the computer-annotated TrEMBL section (<strong>unreviewed</strong>).<p><a href='/help/entry_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
