Q9ZR03 (UCRIA_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic
EC=1.10.9.1

Alternative name(s):
Plastohydroquinone:plastocyanin oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein
Proton gradient regulation protein 1
Rieske iron-sulfur protein
Short name=ISP
Short name=RISP

Gene names

Name:	petC
Synonyms:	PGR1
Ordered Locus Names:	At4g03280
ORF Names:	F4C21.21

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Streptophytina › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Euphyllophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	229 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Essential protein for photoautotrophism. Confers resistance to photo-oxidative damages by contributing to the thermal dissipation of light energy and to lumenal acidification (increase of pH gradient). Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions By similarity. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.9
Catalytic activity	Plastoquinol + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + 2 H+(Side 1) = plastoquinone + 2 reduced plastocyanin + 2 H+(Side 2).
Cofactor	Binds 1 2Fe-2S cluster per subunit By similarity.
Subunit structure	The 4 large subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex are cytochrome b6, subunit IV (17 kDa polypeptide, petD), cytochrome f and the Rieske protein, while the 4 small subunits are petG, petL, petM and petN. The complex functions as a dimer By similarity. Interacts with PGRL1A. Ref.10
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein By similarity. Note: The transmembrane helix obliquely spans the membrane in one monomer, and its extrinsic C-terminal domain is part of the other monomer By similarity. Ref.8
Tissue specificity	Confined to photosynthetic tissues, with highest levels in flowers. In leaves, mostly localized in mesophyll cells. In stems, confined to the peripheral ring of chlorenchyma and adjoining groups of cells associated with the vascular bundles. In siliques, present in green wall of the fruit and in peduncle but not in the translucide white septum of the seeds. Ref.1
Induction	Light-dependent expression. Inhibited by acidification of thylakoids (below pH 5), sucrose and norflurazon (caroteonid synthesis inhibitor leading to photobleaching). Ref.1 Ref.7
Miscellaneous	This protein is 1 of 2 subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex that are encoded in the nucleus. The Rieske iron-sulfur protein is a high potential 2Fe-2S protein.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 Rieske domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Electron transport Transport
Cellular component	Chloroplast Membrane Plastid Thylakoid
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Transit peptide Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Ligand	2Fe-2S Iron Iron-sulfur Metal-binding
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	defense response to bacterium Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 17028151. Source: TAIR nonphotochemical quenching Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.6. Source: TAIR photosynthetic electron transport chain Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR response to karrikin Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 20351290. Source: TAIR
Cellular_component	chloroplast envelope Inferred from direct assay Ref.8. Source: TAIR chloroplast thylakoid membrane Inferred from direct assay PubMed 14729914PubMed 15322131. Source: TAIR cytochrome b6f complex Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW plasma membrane Inferred from direct assay PubMed 15060130. Source: TAIR
Molecular_function	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro metal ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
FKBP16-2	Q9SCY3	3	EBI-2436968,EBI-2436954

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9ZR03-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9ZR03-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-19: Missing.

Note: May be due to an intron retention. No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 50	50	Chloroplast Potential
	Chain	51 – 229	179	Cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, chloroplastic		PRO_0000030684
Regions
	Transmembrane	68 – 90	23	Helical; Potential
	Domain	115 – 211	97	Rieske
	Compositional bias	68 – 73	6	Poly-Leu
	Compositional bias	95 – 102	8	Poly-Gly
Sites
	Metal binding	157	1	Iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S) By similarity
	Metal binding	159	1	Iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S); via pros nitrogen By similarity
	Metal binding	175	1	Iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S) By similarity
	Metal binding	178	1	Iron-sulfur (2Fe-2S); via pros nitrogen By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	162 ↔ 177		By similarity
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 19	19	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_015096
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	194	1	P → L in pgr1; reduces electron transfer from cyt b6/f to photosystem I at high light intensity, and shifts pH-dependent inactivation of electron transport to more alkaline pH. Ref.6 Ref.7
	Sequence conflict	48	1	S → A in CAC03598. Ref.2

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 1, 1999. Version 1. Checksum: D79FAE03D85EA2F5	FASTA	229	24,366
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASSSLSPAT QLGSSRSALM AMSSGLFVKP TKMNHQMVRK EKIGLRISCQ ASSIPADRVP 70 80 90 100 110 120 DMEKRKTLNL LLLGALSLPT GYMLVPYATF FVPPGTGGGG GGTPAKDALG NDVVAAEWLK 130 140 150 160 170 180 THGPGDRTLT QGLKGDPTYL VVENDKTLAT YGINAVCTHL GCVVPWNKAE NKFLCPCHGS 190 200 210 220 QYNAQGRVVR GPAPLSLALA HADIDEAGKV LFVPWVETDF RTGDAPWWS
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: D4A249FC478EC230	FASTA	210	22,533
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAMSSGLFVK PTKMNHQMVR KEKIGLRISC QASSIPADRV PDMEKRKTLN LLLLGALSLP 70 80 90 100 110 120 TGYMLVPYAT FFVPPGTGGG GGGTPAKDAL GNDVVAAEWL KTHGPGDRTL TQGLKGDPTY 130 140 150 160 170 180 LVVENDKTLA TYGINAVCTH LGCVVPWNKA ENKFLCPCHG SQYNAQGRVV RGPAPLSLAL 190 200 210 AHADIDEAGK VLFVPWVETD FRTGDAPWWS

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Tissue-specific, light-regulated and plastid-regulated expression of the single-copy nuclear gene encoding the chloroplast Rieske FeS protein of Arabidopsis thaliana." Knight J.S., Duckett C.M., Sullivan J.A., Walker A.R., Gray J.C. Plant Cell Physiol. 43:522-531(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta.
[2]	"Sequences and map position of 31 Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs encoding organellar polypeptides." Legen J., Misera S., Herrmann R.G., Altschmied L. Submitted (AUG-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Mayer K.F.X., Schueller C., Wambutt R., Murphy G., Volckaert G., Pohl T., Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Harris B., Ansorge W., Brandt P., Grivell L.A., Rieger M., Weichselgartner M., de Simone V., Obermaier B. , Mache R., Mueller M., Kreis M., Delseny M., Puigdomenech P., Watson M., Schmidtheini T., Reichert B., Portetelle D., Perez-Alonso M., Boutry M., Bancroft I., Vos P., Hoheisel J., Zimmermann W., Wedler H., Ridley P., Langham S.-A., McCullagh B., Bilham L., Robben J., van der Schueren J., Grymonprez B., Chuang Y.-J., Vandenbussche F., Braeken M., Weltjens I., Voet M., Bastiaens I., Aert R., Defoor E., Weitzenegger T., Bothe G., Ramsperger U., Hilbert H., Braun M., Holzer E., Brandt A., Peters S., van Staveren M., Dirkse W., Mooijman P., Klein Lankhorst R., Rose M., Hauf J., Koetter P., Berneiser S., Hempel S., Feldpausch M., Lamberth S., Van den Daele H., De Keyser A., Buysshaert C., Gielen J., Villarroel R., De Clercq R., van Montagu M., Rogers J., Cronin A., Quail M.A., Bray-Allen S., Clark L., Doggett J., Hall S., Kay M., Lennard N., McLay K., Mayes R., Pettett A., Rajandream M.A., Lyne M., Benes V., Rechmann S., Borkova D., Bloecker H., Scharfe M., Grimm M., Loehnert T.-H., Dose S., de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Schaefer M., Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Fartmann B., Granderath K., Dauner D., Herzl A., Neumann S., Argiriou A., Vitale D., Liguori R., Piravandi E., Massenet O., Quigley F., Clabauld G., Muendlein A., Felber R., Schnabl S., Hiller R., Schmidt W., Lecharny A., Aubourg S., Chefdor F., Cooke R., Berger C., Monfort A., Casacuberta E., Gibbons T., Weber N., Vandenbol M., Bargues M., Terol J., Torres A., Perez-Perez A., Purnelle B., Bent E., Johnson S., Tacon D., Jesse T., Heijnen L., Schwarz S., Scholler P., Heber S., Francs P., Bielke C., Frishman D., Haase D., Lemcke K., Mewes H.-W., Stocker S., Zaccaria P., Bevan M., Wilson R.K., de la Bastide M., Habermann K., Parnell L., Dedhia N., Gnoj L., Schutz K., Huang E., Spiegel L., Sekhon M., Murray J., Sheet P., Cordes M., Abu-Threideh J., Stoneking T., Kalicki J., Graves T., Harmon G., Edwards J., Latreille P., Courtney L., Cloud J., Abbott A., Scott K., Johnson D., Minx P., Bentley D., Fulton B., Miller N., Greco T., Kemp K., Kramer J., Fulton L., Mardis E., Dante M., Pepin K., Hillier L.W., Nelson J., Spieth J., Ryan E., Andrews S., Geisel C., Layman D., Du H., Ali J., Berghoff A., Jones K., Drone K., Cotton M., Joshu C., Antonoiu B., Zidanic M., Strong C., Sun H., Lamar B., Yordan C., Ma P., Zhong J., Preston R., Vil D., Shekher M., Matero A., Shah R., Swaby I.K., O'Shaughnessy A., Rodriguez M., Hoffman J., Till S., Granat S., Shohdy N., Hasegawa A., Hameed A., Lodhi M., Johnson A., Chen E., Marra M.A., Martienssen R., McCombie W.R. Nature 402:769-777(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]	"Cytochrome b6/f mutation specifically affects thermal dissipation of absorbed light energy in Arabidopsis." Munekage Y., Takeda S., Endo T., Jahns P., Hashimoto T., Shikanai T. Plant J. 28:351-359(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-194.
[7]	"Single point mutation in the Rieske iron-sulfur subunit of cytochrome b6/f leads to an altered pH dependence of plastoquinol oxidation in Arabidopsis." Jahns P., Graf M., Munekage Y., Shikanai T. FEBS Lett. 519:99-102(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF PRO-194.
[8]	"Proteomics of the chloroplast envelope membranes from Arabidopsis thaliana." Ferro M., Salvi D., Brugiere S., Miras S., Kowalski S., Louwagie M., Garin J., Joyard J., Rolland N. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2:325-345(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. Wassilewskija.
[9]	"Knock-out of the genes coding for the Rieske protein and the ATP-synthase delta-subunit of Arabidopsis. Effects on photosynthesis, thylakoid protein composition, and nuclear chloroplast gene expression." Maiwald D., Dietzmann A., Jahns P., Pesaresi P., Joliot P., Joliot A., Levin J.Z., Salamini F., Leister D. Plant Physiol. 133:191-202(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]	"PGRL1 is the elusive ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase in photosynthetic cyclic electron flow." Hertle A.P., Blunder T., Wunder T., Pesaresi P., Pribil M., Armbruster U., Leister D. Mol. Cell 49:1-13(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PGRL1A.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AJ292972 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAC03598.1. AJ243702 mRNA. Translation: CAB52433.1. AC005275 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD14456.1. AL161496 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB77813.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE82301.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE82302.1. AF370566 mRNA. Translation: AAK49572.1. AF410296 mRNA. Translation: AAK95282.1. AY093726 mRNA. Translation: AAM10350.1.
IPI	IPI00530995. IPI00548912.
PIR	F85041. PA0041.
RefSeq	NP_192237.1. NM_116566.4. NP_849295.1. NM_178964.2.
UniGene	At.486. At.67366.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9ZR03.
SMR	Q9ZR03. Positions 59-229.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9ZR03. 3 interactions.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q9ZR03.
PRIDE	Q9ZR03.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT4G03280.1; AT4G03280.1; AT4G03280.
GeneID	827996.
KEGG	ath:AT4G03280.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	5037.
TAIR	At4g03280.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0723.
HOGENOM	HOG000255192.
InParanoid	Q9ZR03.
KO	K02636.
OMA	GDPTYIV.
PhylomeDB	Q9ZR03.
ProtClustDB	CLSN2685934.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9ZR03.
Genevestigator	Q9ZR03.
GermOnline	AT4G03280. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	2.102.10.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR014909. Cyt_b6-f_cplx_Fe-S_su. IPR023960. Cyt_b6_f_Rieske. IPR017941. Rieske_2Fe-2S. IPR014349. Rieske_Fe-S_prot. IPR005805. Rieske_Fe-S_prot_C. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10134. PTHR10134. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF08802. CytB6-F_Fe-S. 1 hit. PF00355. Rieske. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00162. RIESKE.
SUPFAM	SSF50022. Rieske_dom. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS51296. RIESKE. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

UCRIA_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9ZR03
Secondary accession number(s): Q94EI4, Q9FYB6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 5, 2005
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1999
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 109 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program