Q9Y287 (ITM2B_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 114.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Integral membrane protein 2B Alternative name(s): Immature BRI2 Short name=imBRI2 Protein E25B Transmembrane protein BRI Short name=Bri Cleaved into the following 4 chains:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 266 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Plays a regulatory role in the processing of the beta-amyloid A4 precursor protein (APP) and acts as an inhibitor of the beta-amyloid peptide aggregation and fibrils deposition. Plays a role in the induction of neurite outgrowth. Functions as a protease inhibitor by blocking access of secretases to APP cleavage sites. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.19 Mature BRI2 (mBRI2) functions as a modulator of the beta-amyloid A4 precursor protein (APP) processing leading to a strong reduction in the secretion of secretase-processed beta-amyloid protein 40 and beta-amyloid protein 42. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.19 Bri23 peptide prevents aggregation of APP beta-amyloid protein 42 peptide into toxic oligomers. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with SPPL2A and SPPL2B. Interacts with APP. Mature BRI2 (mBRI2) interacts with the APP amyloid beta A4 protein; the interaction occurs at the cell surface and in the endocytic compartments and enable alpha- and beta-secretase-induced APP cleavage inhibition. Mature BRI2 (mBRI2) interacts with the APP C99; the interaction occurs in the endocytic compartments and enable gamma-secretase-induced C99 cleavage inhibition. May form heterodimers with Bri23 peptide and APP beta-amyloid protein 40. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Subcellular location | Integral membrane protein 2B: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note: Immature BRI2 (imBRI2) is cleaved by furin in the Golgi into mBRI2 and a Bri23 peptide. mBRI2 is transported to the plasma membrane and Bri23 peptide is secreted. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 BRI2, membrane form: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note: Mature BRI2 (mBRI2) needs to be transported from the endoplasmic reticulum compartment to the cell membrane in order to be able to inhibit APP processing. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Bri23 peptide: Secreted Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18. Note: Detected in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 BRI2C, soluble form: Secreted Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18. |
| Tissue specificity | Ubiquitous. Expressed in brain. |
| Post-translational modification | The ectodomain C-terminal part of the imBRI2 is processed by furin producing a secreted Bri23 peptide and a mature BRI2, membrane form (mBRI2). The remaining part of the ectodomain of mBRI2 containing the BRICHOS domain is cleaved by ADAM10 and is secreted (BRI2C, soluble form). The membrane-bound N-terminal fragment (BRI2C, membrane form) is further proteolytically processed by SPPL2A and SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane proteolysis producing a secreted C-peptide and a BRI2 intracellular domain (BRI2 ICD) released in the cytosol. Shedding by ADAM10 facilitates intramembrane cleavage but is not absolutely required for BRI2 ICD generation. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.14 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Glycosylation at Asn-170 is important for cell surface localization, but doesn't affect furin- and ADAM10-induced proteolytic processing. |
| Involvement in disease | Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ITM2B-related 1 (CAA-ITM2B1) [MIM:176500]: A disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of cerebral blood vessels and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, non-neuritic and perivascular plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the predominant pathological lesions. Clinical features include progressive mental deterioration, spasticity and muscular rigidity. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ITM2B-related 2 (CAA-ITM2B2) [MIM:117300]: A disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of the blood vessels of the cerebrum, choroid plexus, cerebellum, spinal cord and retina. Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are observed in the hippocampus. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, dementia, cataracts and deafness. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the ITM2 family. Contains 1 BRICHOS domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 266 | 266 | Integral membrane protein 2B | PRO_0000045840 | |||||||
| Chain | 1 – 243 | 243 | BRI2, membrane form | PRO_0000417464 | |||||||
| Chain | 1 – ? | BRI2 intracellular domain | PRO_0000417465 | ||||||||
| Chain | ? – 243 | BRI2C, soluble form | PRO_0000417466 | ||||||||
| Peptide | 244 – 266 | 23 | Bri23 peptide | PRO_0000016545 | |||||||
Regions | |||||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 54 | 54 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||||
| Transmembrane | 55 – 75 | 21 | Helical; Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein; Potential | ||||||||
| Topological domain | 76 – 266 | 191 | Lumenal Potential | ||||||||
| Domain | 137 – 231 | 95 | BRICHOS | ||||||||
| Region | 102 – 134 | 33 | Necessary for interaction with APP and inhibitor effects on APP processing | ||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||
| Site | 243 – 244 | 2 | Cleavage; by furin | ||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 170 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.17 | ||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 89 | Interchain Ref.15 Ref.16 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 164 ↔ 223 | Probable | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 248 ↔ 265 | Interchain (between ADan peptide variants) Ref.15 Ref.16 | |||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||
| Natural variant | 266 | 1 | S → FNLFLNSQEKHY in CAA-ITM2B2; amyloid ADan; colocalizes with APP beta-amyloid protein 42 in parenchymal and vascular lesions; interacts with APP beta-amyloid 42; oligomerizes and is subjected to disulfide bond formation; undergoes cyclic pyroglutamate formation on the N-terminus Gln residues and is further proteolytically cleaved in the cerebral cortex. Ref.1 Ref.6 Ref.7 | VAR_010240 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 266 | 1 | S → SRTVKKNIIEEN in CAA-ITM2B1; amyloid ABri. | VAR_010239 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 60 | 1 | G → V: Reduces strongly intramembrane cleavage by SPPL2B. Ref.11 Ref.18 Ref.20 | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 170 | 1 | N → A: Accumulates in intracellular compartments. Does not inhibit furin, ADAM10 and SPPL2A extracellular proteolytic processing activity. Ref.11 Ref.17 Ref.18 | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 243 – 244 | 2 | RE → AA: Inhibits cleavage by furin. Does not prevent ADAM10 shedding. Ref.11 Ref.18 | ||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "A stop-codon mutation in the BRI gene associated with familial British dementia." Vidal R., Frangione B., Rostagno A., Mead S., Revesz T., Plant G., Ghiso J. Nature 399:776-781(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT CAA-ITM2B1 ARG-THR-VAL-LYS-LYS-ASN-ILE-ILE-GLU-GLU-ASN-266 INS. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [2] | "A decamer duplication in the 3' region of the BRI gene originates an amyloid peptide that is associated with dementia in a Danish kindred." Vidal R., Revesz T., Rostagno A., Kim E., Holton J.L., Bek T., Bojsen-Moeller M., Braendgaard H., Plant G., Ghiso J., Frangione B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:4920-4925(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT CAA-ITM2B2 SER-266 DELINS PHE-ASN-LEU-PHE-LEU-ASN-SER-GLN-GLU-LYS-HIS-TYR. |
| [3] | "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning." Hu R.-M., Han Z.-G., Song H.-D., Peng Y.-D., Huang Q.-H., Ren S.-X., Gu Y.-J., Huang C.-H., Li Y.-B., Jiang C.-L., Fu G., Zhang Q.-H., Gu B.-W., Dai M., Mao Y.-F., Gao G.-F., Rong R., Ye M. Chen J.-L.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:9543-9548(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [4] | NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (JUL-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [6] | "Furin mediates enhanced production of fibrillogenic ABri peptides in familial British dementia." Kim S.H., Wang R., Gordon D.J., Bass J., Steiner D.F., Lynn D.G., Thinakaran G., Meredith S.C., Sisodia S.S. Nat. Neurosci. 2:984-988(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT CAA-ITM2B1 ARG-THR-VAL-LYS-LYS-ASN-ILE-ILE-GLU-GLU-ASN-266 INS, TOPOLOGY, CLEAVAGE BY FURIN, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [7] | "Axonal transport of British and Danish amyloid peptides via secretory vesicles." Choi S.I., Vidal R., Frangione B., Levy E. FASEB J. 18:373-375(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TOPOLOGY, PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS CAA-ITM2B1 ARG-THR-VAL-LYS-LYS-ASN-ILE-ILE-GLU-GLU-ASN-266 INS AND CAA-ITM2B2 SER-266 DELINS PHE-ASN-LEU-PHE-LEU-ASN-SER-GLN-GLU-LYS-HIS-TYR, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [8] | "The familial dementia BRI2 gene binds the Alzheimer gene amyloid-beta precursor protein and inhibits amyloid-beta production." Matsuda S., Giliberto L., Matsuda Y., Davies P., McGowan E., Pickford F., Ghiso J., Frangione B., D'Adamio L. J. Biol. Chem. 280:28912-28916(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH APP. |
| [9] | "BRI2 interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and regulates amyloid beta (Abeta) production." Fotinopoulou A., Tsachaki M., Vlavaki M., Poulopoulos A., Rostagno A., Frangione B., Ghiso J., Efthimiopoulos S. J. Biol. Chem. 280:30768-30772(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH APP. |
| [10] | "Familial Danish dementia: co-existence of Danish and Alzheimer amyloid subunits (ADan AND A{beta}) in the absence of compact plaques." Tomidokoro Y., Lashley T., Rostagno A., Neubert T.A., Bojsen-Moller M., Braendgaard H., Plant G., Holton J., Frangione B., Revesz T., Ghiso J. J. Biol. Chem. 280:36883-36894(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT CAA-ITM2B2 SER-266 DELINS PHE-ASN-LEU-PHE-LEU-ASN-SER-GLN-GLU-LYS-HIS-TYR. |
| [11] | "Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of Bri2 (Itm2b) by ADAM10 and SPPL2a/SPPL2b." Martin L., Fluhrer R., Reiss K., Kremmer E., Saftig P., Haass C. J. Biol. Chem. 283:1644-1652(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TOPOLOGY, CLEAVAGE BY ADAM10; FURIN; SPPL2A AND SPPL2B, INTERACTION WITH SPPL2A AND SPPL2B, MUTAGENESIS OF 243-ARG-GLU-244. |
| [12] | "BRI2 (ITM2b) inhibits Abeta deposition in vivo." Kim J., Miller V.M., Levites Y., West K.J., Zwizinski C.W., Moore B.D., Troendle F.J., Bann M., Verbeeck C., Price R.W., Smithson L., Sonoda L., Wagg K., Rangachari V., Zou F., Younkin S.G., Graff-Radford N., Dickson D., Rosenberry T., Golde T.E. J. Neurosci. 28:6030-6036(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF SECRETED BRI23 PEPTIDE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [13] | "BRI2 inhibits amyloid beta-peptide precursor protein processing by interfering with the docking of secretases to the substrate." Matsuda S., Giliberto L., Matsuda Y., McGowan E.M., D'Adamio L. J. Neurosci. 28:8668-8676(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "Substrate requirements for SPPL2b-dependent regulated intramembrane proteolysis." Martin L., Fluhrer R., Haass C. J. Biol. Chem. 284:5662-5670(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CLEAVAGE BY ADAM10; FURIN AND SPPL2B, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [15] | "The extracellular domain of Bri2 (ITM2B) binds the ABri peptide (1-23) and amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta1-40): Implications for Bri2 effects on processing of amyloid precursor protein and Abeta aggregation." Peng S., Fitzen M., Jornvall H., Johansson J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 393:356-361(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF SECRETED BRI23 PEPTIDE, SUBUNIT, INTERACTION WITH APP BETA-AMYLOID PROTEIN 40, DISULFIDE BOND, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [16] | "BRI2 homodimerizes with the involvement of intermolecular disulfide bonds." Tsachaki M., Ghiso J., Rostagno A., Efthimiopoulos S. Neurobiol. Aging 31:88-98(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, SUBUNIT, DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [17] | "Glycosylation of BRI2 on asparagine 170 is involved in its trafficking to the cell surface but not in its processing by furin or ADAM10." Tsachaki M., Serlidaki D., Fetani A., Zarkou V., Rozani I., Ghiso J., Efthimiopoulos S. Glycobiology 21:1382-1388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CLEAVAGE BY ADAM10; FURIN AND SPPL2B, GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-170, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASN-170. |
| [18] | "Maturation of BRI2 generates a specific inhibitor that reduces APP processing at the plasma membrane and in endocytic vesicles." Matsuda S., Matsuda Y., Snapp E.L., D'Adamio L. Neurobiol. Aging 32:1400-1408(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF MBRI2 IN APP PROCESSING INHIBITION, INTERACTION WITH APP AMYLOID BETA A4 AND APP C99, PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF 243-ARG-GLU-244. |
| [19] | "beta- but not gamma-secretase proteolysis of APP causes synaptic and memory deficits in a mouse model of dementia." Tamayev R., Matsuda S., Arancio O., D'Adamio L. EMBO Mol. Med. 4:171-179(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF MBRI2 IN APP PROCESSING INHIBITION, INTERACTION WITH APP AMYLOID BETA A4 AND APP C99. |
| [20] | "The alpha-helical content of the transmembrane domain of the British dementia protein-2 (Bri2) determines its processing by signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b)." Fluhrer R., Martin L., Klier B., Haug-Kroper M., Grammer G., Nuscher B., Haass C. J. Biol. Chem. 287:5156-5163(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CLEAVAGE BY SPPL2A AND SPPL2B, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-60. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF152462 mRNA. Translation: AAD45280.1. AF246221 mRNA. Translation: AAF66130.1. AF092128 mRNA. Translation: AAD40370.1. AY341247 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAP88930.1. BC000554 mRNA. Translation: AAH00554.1. |
| IPI | IPI00031821. |
| RefSeq | NP_068839.1. NM_021999.4. |
| UniGene | Hs.643683. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9Y287. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9Y287. 6 interactions. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000367828. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9Y287. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 12643343. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q9Y287. |
| PeptideAtlas | Q9Y287. |
| PRIDE | Q9Y287. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 9445. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000378565; ENSP00000367828; ENSG00000136156. |
| GeneID | 9445. |
| KEGG | hsa:9445. |
| UCSC | uc001vbz.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 9445. |
| GeneCards | GC13P048807. |
| HGNC | HGNC:6174. ITM2B. |
| HPA | HPA029292. |
| MIM | 117300. phenotype. 176500. phenotype. 603904. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9Y287. |
| Orphanet | 97345. Familial dementia, British type. 97346. Familial dementia, Danish type. |
| PharmGKB | PA29971. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG283703. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000231259. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG059373. |
| InParanoid | Q9Y287. |
| OMA | VDHLGFF. |
| OrthoDB | EOG48D0WD. |
| PhylomeDB | Q9Y287. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_116125. Disease. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9Y287. |
| Bgee | Q9Y287. |
| CleanEx | HS_ITM2B. |
| Genevestigator | Q9Y287. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000136156. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR007084. BRICHOS_dom. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF04089. BRICHOS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM01039. BRICHOS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS50869. BRICHOS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | ITM2B. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 9445. |
| NextBio | 35380. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | ITM2B_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9Y287 Secondary accession number(s): Q9NYH1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 13 Human chromosome 13: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
