Q9UMR5 (PPT2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 110.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Lysosomal thioesterase PPT2 Short name=PPT-2 EC=3.1.2.- Alternative name(s): S-thioesterase G14 | ||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 302 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Removes thioester-linked fatty acyl groups from various substrates including S-palmitoyl-CoA. Has the highest S-thioesterase activity for the acyl groups palmitic and myristic acid followed by other short- and long-chain acyl substrates. However, because of structural constraints, is unable to remove palmitate from peptides or proteins. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.12 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle. Ref.1 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase family. |
| Caution | Was originally (Ref.1) referred as a palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (palmitoyl-protein hydrolase). |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=67 µM for S-palmitoyl-CoA Ref.12 KM=37 µM for S-palmitoyl-N-acetylcysteamine KM=117 µM for 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-S-palmitoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside Vmax=1.7 µmol/min/mg enzyme toward S-palmitoyl-CoA Vmax=3.3 µmol/min/mg enzyme toward S-palmitoyl-N-acetylcysteamine Vmax=0.43 µmol/min/mg enzyme toward 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-S-palmitoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside pH dependence: Optimum pH is 7.0. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAB47495.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAB53659.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAG38577.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAI17426.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAI41763.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAI41797.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAM24823.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAM25714.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAM26213.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. The sequence CAM26216.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAQ06588.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAQ09561.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAQ09617.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence CAQ10692.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Lysosome |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Signal |
| Molecular function | Hydrolase |
| PTM | Disulfide bond Glycoprotein |
| Technical term | 3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | cellular protein modification process Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB |
| Cellular_component | lysosome Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB |
| Molecular_function | palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity Non-traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9UMR5-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9UMR5-2) Also known as: I; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 256-300: VYLRDSFGLK...TLYETCIEPW → PARPTHQSEL...ESWGPGLSCA | ||||||
| Note: Catalytically inactive due to lack of His-283. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 27 | 27 | Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 28 – 302 | 275 | Lysosomal thioesterase PPT2 | PRO_0000025554 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 111 | 1 | Nucleophile | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 228 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 283 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 60 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 190 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 206 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 245 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 289 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 109 ↔ 117 | Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 165 ↔ 176 | Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 276 ↔ 296 | Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 256 – 300 | 45 | VYLRD…CIEPW → PARPTHQSELLLLRLVCLKP PRRKKPACRVQRQSESWGPG LSCA in isoform 2. | VSP_005188 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 5 | 1 | C → W. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs3134604 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027107 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 34 | 1 | A → E. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs3096696 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_027108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 111 | 1 | S → A: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 228 | 1 | D → A: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 283 | 1 | H → A: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 287 | 1 | H → A: No effect on enzymatic activity. Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 189 | 1 | L → P in CAG38577. Ref.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 39 – 42 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 49 – 52 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 53 – 62 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 68 – 70 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 77 – 80 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 83 – 100 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 105 – 110 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 112 – 123 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 129 – 136 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 147 – 152 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 158 – 165 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 170 – 172 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 175 – 178 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 185 – 191 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 195 – 198 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 207 – 214 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 218 – 224 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 229 – 233 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 234 – 238 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 251 – 253 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 255 – 258 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 259 – 262 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 264 – 269 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 273 – 277 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 283 – 287 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 290 – 296 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 298 – 300 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning and expression of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 2 (PPT2), a homolog of lysosomal palmitoyl-protein thioesterase with a distinct substrate specificity." Soyombo A.A., Hofmann S.L. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27456-27463(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, GLYCOSYLATION, PH DEPENDENCE, VARIANT TRP-5. |
| [2] | "Characterization of a human MHC class III region gene product with S-thioesterase activity." Aguado B., Campbell R.D. Biochem. J. 341:679-689(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), GLYCOSYLATION, FUNCTION, VARIANT TRP-5. |
| [3] | "Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs." Wiemann S., Weil B., Wellenreuther R., Gassenhuber J., Glassl S., Ansorge W., Boecher M., Bloecker H., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Lauber J., Duesterhoeft A., Beyer A., Koehrer K., Strack N., Mewes H.-W., Ottenwaelder B., Obermaier B. Poustka A.Genome Res. 11:422-435(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT TRP-5. Tissue: Brain. |
| [4] | "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT TRP-5. |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), VARIANT TRP-5. Tissue: Kidney. |
| [6] | "Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse." Xie T., Rowen L., Aguado B., Ahearn M.E., Madan A., Qin S., Campbell R.D., Hood L. Genome Res. 13:2621-2636(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS TRP-5 AND GLU-34. |
| [7] | "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6." Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews T.D. Beck S.Nature 425:805-811(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS TRP-5 AND GLU-34. |
| [8] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT TRP-5. |
| [9] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT TRP-5. Tissue: Skin. |
| [10] | "An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance." Hillman R.T., Green R.E., Brenner S.E. Genome Biol. 5:R8.1-R8.16(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SPLICE ISOFORM(S) THAT ARE POTENTIAL NMD TARGET(S). |
| [11] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [12] | "The crystal structure of palmitoyl protein thioesterase-2 (PPT2) reveals the basis for divergent substrate specificities of the two lysosomal thioesterases, PPT1 and PPT2." Calero G., Gupta P., Nonato M.C., Tandel S., Biehl E.R., Hofmann S.L., Clardy J. J. Biol. Chem. 278:37957-37964(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.7 ANGSTROMS), FUNCTION, KINETIC PARAMETERS, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-111; ASP-228; HIS-283 AND HIS-287, GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-190, DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [13] | "Structure of the human palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-2 gene (PPT2) in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.3." Soyombo A.A., Yi W., Hofmann S.L. Genomics 56:208-216(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS TRP-5 AND GLU-34. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Entry information
| Entry name | PPT2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9UMR5 Secondary accession number(s): A2ABC9 Q99945 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 6 Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
