Q9UM54 (MYO6_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 134.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Unconventional myosin-VI Alternative name(s): Unconventional myosin-6 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1294 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Myosin 6 is a reverse-direction motor protein that moves towards the minus-end of actin filaments. Has slow rate of actin-activated ADP release due to weak ATP binding. Functions in a variety of intracellular processes such as vesicular membrane trafficking and cell migration. Required for the structural integrity of the Golgi apparatus via the p53-dependent pro-survival pathway. Appears to be involved in a very early step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in polarized epithelial cells. May act as a regulator of F-actin dynamics. May play a role in transporting DAB2 from the plasma membrane to specific cellular targets. Required for structural integrity of inner ear hair cells By similarity. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.15 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Binding to calmodulin through a unique insert, not found in other myosins, located in the neck region between the motor domain and the IQ domain appears to contribute to the directionality reversal. This interaction occurs only if the C-terminal lobe of calmodulin is occupied by calcium. Interaction with F-actin/ACTN1 occurs only at the apical brush border domain of the proximal tubule cells By similarity. Interacts with DAB2. In vitro, the C-terminal globular tail binds a C-terminal region of DAB2. Interacts with CFTR. Forms a complex with CFTR and DAB2 in the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Interacts with OPTN By similarity. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 |
| Subcellular location | Golgi apparatus › trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Golgi apparatus By similarity. Nucleus. Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Membrane › clathrin-coated pit. Cell projection › ruffle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note: Also present in endocyctic vesicles, and membrane ruffles. Translocates from membrane ruffles, endocytic vesicles and cytoplasm to Golgi apparatus, perinuclear membrane and nucleus through induction by p53 and p53-induced DNA damage. Recruited into membrane ruffles from cell surface by EGF-stimulation. Colocalizes with DAB2 in clathrin-coated pits/vesicles. Colocalizes with OPTN at the Golgi complex and in vesicular structures close to the plasma membrane By similarity. Ref.10 Ref.15 Isoform 3: Cytoplasmic vesicle › clathrin-coated vesicle membrane. Isoform 4: Cytoplasmic vesicle › clathrin-coated vesicle membrane. Cell projection › ruffle membrane Ref.10 Ref.15. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in most tissues examined including heart, brain, placenta, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine and colon. Highest levels in brain, pancreas, testis and small intestine. Also expressed in fetal brain and cochlea. Isoform 1 and isoform 2, containing the small insert, and isoform 4, containing neither insert, are expressed in unpolarized epithelial cells. Ref.1 |
| Domain | Divided into three regions: a N-terminal motor (head) domain, followed by a neck domain consisting of a calmodulin-binding linker domain and a single IQ motif, and a C-terminal tail region with a coiled-coil and a unique globular domain required for interaction with other proteins. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation in the motor domain, induced by EGF, results in translocation of MYO6 from the cell surface to membrane ruffles and affects F-actin dynamics. Phosphorylated in vitro by p21-activated kinase (PAK) By similarity. |
| Involvement in disease | Deafness, autosomal dominant, 22 (DFNA22) [MIM:606346]: A form of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information. DFNA22 is progressive and postlingual, with onset during childhood. By the age of approximately 50 years, affected individuals invariably have profound sensorineural deafness. Deafness, autosomal recessive, 37 (DFNB37) [MIM:607821]: A form of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information. Deafness, sensorineural, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DFNHCM) [MIM:606346]: An autosomal dominant sensorineural deafness associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 IQ domain. Contains 1 myosin head-like domain. |
| Caution | Represents a unconventional myosin. This protein should not be confused with the conventional myosin-6 (MYH6). |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAA20843.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAB2 | P98082 | 3 | EBI-350606,EBI-1171238 | |
| Dab2 | P98078 | 4 | EBI-350606,EBI-1391846 | From a different organism. |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 6 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q9UM54-3) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9UM54-1) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1037-1045: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9UM54-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1037-1068: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q9UM54-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1147-1155: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: Q9UM54-5) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1037-1068: Missing. 1147-1155: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 6 (identifier: Q9UM54-6) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1147-1156: DFAPFLNNSP → A |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1294 | 1294 | Unconventional myosin-VI | PRO_0000123464 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 1 – 759 | 759 | Myosin head-like | ||||||
| Domain | 814 – 834 | 21 | IQ | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 151 – 158 | 8 | ATP Potential | ||||||
| Region | 273 – 317 | 45 | Responsible for slow ATPase activity By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 665 – 672 | 8 | Actin-binding Potential | ||||||
| Region | 782 – 810 | 29 | Required for binding calmodulin By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 1116 – 1118 | 3 | Interaction with OPTN | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 864 – 1023 | 160 | Potential | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 920 – 1027 | 108 | Glu-rich | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 405 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1037 – 1068 | 32 | Missing in isoform 2 and isoform 5. | VSP_007985 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1037 – 1045 | 9 | Missing in isoform 1. | VSP_022332 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1147 – 1156 | 10 | DFAPFLNNSP → A in isoform 6. | VSP_042208 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1147 – 1155 | 9 | Missing in isoform 4 and isoform 5. | VSP_022333 | |||||
| Natural variant | 216 | 1 | E → V in DFNB37. Ref.18 Corresponds to variant rs28936390 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_016209 | |||||
| Natural variant | 246 | 1 | H → R in DFNHCM. Ref.19 Corresponds to variant rs28936391 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_029988 | |||||
| Natural variant | 442 | 1 | C → Y in DFNA22. Ref.17 | VAR_012110 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1156 | 1 | P → A in CAI42826. Ref.5 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization of unconventional MYO6, the human homologue of the gene responsible for deafness in Snell's waltzer mice." Avraham K.B., Hasson T., Sobe T., Balsara B., Testa J.R., Skvorak A.B., Morton C.C., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:1225-1231(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | Avraham K.B. Submitted (JUL-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION. |
| [3] | "Genomic organization of the human myosin VI gene (MYO6), a candidate gene for neurosensory and storage disorders." Kuehn M.H., Hageman G.S. Submitted (JAN-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro." Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Nakajima D., Ohira M., Seki N., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 4:141-150(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6." Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews T.D. Beck S.Nature 425:805-811(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 5). |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [8] | "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes." Kimura K., Wakamatsu A., Suzuki Y., Ota T., Nishikawa T., Yamashita R., Yamamoto J., Sekine M., Tsuritani K., Wakaguri H., Ishii S., Sugiyama T., Saito K., Isono Y., Irie R., Kushida N., Yoneyama T., Otsuka R. Sugano S.Genome Res. 16:55-65(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1102-1294 (ISOFORM 6). Tissue: Salivary gland. |
| [9] | "Myosin VI is an actin-based motor that moves backwards." Wells A.L., Lin A.W., Chen L.-Q., Safer D., Cain S.M., Hasson T., Carragher B.O., Milligan R.A., Sweeney H.L. Nature 401:505-508(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "Myosin VI isoform localized to clathrin-coated vesicles with a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis." Buss F., Arden S.D., Lindsay M., Luzio J.P., Kendrick-Jones J. EMBO J. 20:3676-3684(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN ENDOCYTOSIS, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. |
| [11] | "Myosin VI binds to and localises with Dab2, potentially linking receptor-mediated endocytosis and the actin cytoskeleton." Morris S.M., Arden S.D., Roberts R.C., Kendrick-Jones J., Cooper J.A., Luzio J.P., Buss F. Traffic 3:331-341(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH DAB2. |
| [12] | "Myosin VI regulates endocytosis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator." Swiatecka-Urban A., Boyd C., Coutermarsh B., Karlson K.H., Barnaby R., Aschenbrenner L., Langford G.M., Hasson T., Stanton B.A. J. Biol. Chem. 279:38025-38031(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CFTR. |
| [13] | "A monomeric myosin VI with a large working stroke." Lister I., Schmitz S., Walker M., Trinick J., Buss F., Veigel C., Kendrick-Jones J. EMBO J. 23:1729-1738(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBUNIT. |
| [14] | "Nuclear myosin VI enhances RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription." Vreugde S., Ferrai C., Miluzio A., Hauben E., Marchisio P.C., Crippa M.P., Bussi M., Biffo S. Mol. Cell 23:749-755(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [15] | "Myosin VI is a mediator of the p53-dependent cell survival pathway." Jung E.J., Liu G., Zhou W., Chen X. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:2175-2186(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [16] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [17] | "MYO6, the human homologue of the gene responsible for deafness in Snell's waltzer mice, is mutated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss." Melchionda S., Ahituv N., Bisceglia L., Sobe T., Glaser F., Rabionet R., Arbones M.L., Notarangelo A., Di Iorio E., Carella M., Zelante L., Estivill X., Avraham K.B., Gasparini P. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 69:635-640(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DFNA22 TYR-442. |
| [18] | "Mutations of MYO6 are associated with recessive deafness, DFNB37." Ahmed Z.M., Morell R.J., Riazuddin S., Gropman A., Shaukat S., Ahmad M.M., Mohiddin S.A., Fananapazir L., Caruso R.C., Husnain T., Khan S.N., Riazuddin S., Griffith A.J., Friedman T.B., Wilcox E.R. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:1315-1322(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DFNB37 VAL-216. |
| [19] | "Novel association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sensorineural deafness, and a mutation in unconventional myosin VI (MYO6)." Mohiddin S.A., Ahmed Z.M., Griffith A.J., Tripodi D., Friedman T.B., Fananapazir L., Morell R.J. J. Med. Genet. 41:309-314(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DFNHCM ARG-246. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U90236 mRNA. Translation: AAC51654.2. AF229111 AF229110 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK00229.1.AL109897, AL136093 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI19520.1. AL109897, AL136093 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI19521.1. AL109897, AL136093 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI19522.1. AL136093, AL109897 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42824.1. AL136093, AL109897 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42825.1. AL136093, AL109897 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42826.1. AB002387 mRNA. Translation: BAA20843.2. Different initiation. CH471051 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW48730.1. CH471051 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW48731.1. BC146764 mRNA. Translation: AAI46765.1. BP333853 mRNA. No translation available. |
| IPI | IPI00008455. IPI00069126. IPI00642722. IPI00816452. IPI00816461. |
| RefSeq | NP_004990.3. NM_004999.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.149387. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9UM54. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-33123N. |
| IntAct | Q9UM54. 13 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-239443. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000358994. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9UM54. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 122065628. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q9UM54. |
| PRIDE | Q9UM54. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000369975; ENSP00000358992; ENSG00000196586. ENST00000369977; ENSP00000358994; ENSG00000196586. ENST00000369985; ENSP00000359002; ENSG00000196586. |
| GeneID | 4646. |
| KEGG | hsa:4646. |
| UCSC | uc003pig.1. human. uc003pih.1. human. uc003pii.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 4646. |
| GeneCards | GC06P076515. |
| HGNC | HGNC:7605. MYO6. |
| HPA | CAB010762. |
| MIM | 600970. gene. 606346. phenotype. 607821. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9UM54. |
| Orphanet | 90635. Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA. 90636. Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNB. 228012. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
| PharmGKB | PA31410. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG5022. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG003523. |
| InParanoid | Q9UM54. |
| KO | K10358. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_11123. Membrane Trafficking. REACT_13685. Neuronal System. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9UM54. |
| Bgee | Q9UM54. |
| CleanEx | HS_MYO6. |
| Genevestigator | Q9UM54. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000196586. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000048. IQ_motif_EF-hand-BS. IPR001609. Myosin_head_motor_dom. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00063. Myosin_head. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00193. MYOSINHEAVY. |
| SMART | SM00015. IQ. 1 hit. SM00242. MYSc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS50096. IQ. False negative. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | MYO6. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 4646. |
| NextBio | 17908. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | MYO6_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9UM54 Secondary accession number(s): A6H8V4 Q9UEG2 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 6 Human chromosome 6: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
