Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9ULZ1 (APEL_HUMAN)
Last modified
March 2, 2010.
Version 62.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (3) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Apelin Alternative name(s): APJ endogenous ligand Cleaved into the following 4 chains:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 77 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at transcript level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Endogenous ligand for APJ, an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. Inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APJ. Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic apelin derivatives. The oral intake in the colostrum and the milk could have a role in the modulation of the immune responses in neonates. May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing AVP release and drinking behavior. Ref.6 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in the brain with highest levels in the frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. Secreted by the mammary gland into the colostrum and the milk. |
| Post-translational modification | Several active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the apelin family. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence CAI95697.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Secreted |
| Domain | Signal |
| Molecular function | Hormone |
| PTM | Cleavage on pair of basic residues Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid |
| Technical term | Complete proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome immune response Ref.2Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc lactation Ref.2Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Cellular component | extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular function | hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 22 | 22 | Potential | ||||||
| Propeptide | 23 – 41 | 19 | By similarity | PRO_0000001759 | |||||
| Peptide | 42 – 77 | 36 | Apelin-36 By similarity | PRO_0000001760 | |||||
| Peptide | 47 – 77 | 31 | Apelin-31 By similarity | PRO_0000001761 | |||||
| Peptide | 50 – 77 | 28 | Apelin-28 By similarity | PRO_0000001762 | |||||
| Peptide | 65 – 77 | 13 | Apelin-13 By similarity | PRO_0000001763 | |||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 65 | 1 | Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid By similarity | ||||||
Sequences
References
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB023493 mRNA. Translation: BAA84975.1. AF179680 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF25815.1. AL022162 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI95697.1. Sequence problems. BC021104 mRNA. Translation: AAH21104.2. |
| IPI | IPI00010087. |
| RefSeq | NP_059109.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.303084 |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9ULZ1. 1 interaction. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000307484; ENSP00000305464; ENSG00000171388; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 8862. |
| KEGG | hsa:8862. |
| UCSC | uc004eus.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 8862. |
| GeneCards | GC0XM128607. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0017039. |
| HGNC | HGNC:16665. APLN. |
| MIM | 300297. gene. |
| PharmGKB | PA134984493. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOVERGEN | HBG018249. |
| OrthoDB | EOG9G7FK1. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9ULZ1. |
| Bgee | Q9ULZ1. |
| CleanEx | HS_APLN. |
| Genevestigator | Q9ULZ1. |
Family and domain databases | |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 33277. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | APEL_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9ULZ1 Secondary accession number(s): Q4VY08, Q8WU89 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


