Q9UKV0 (HDAC9_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
December 14, 2011.
Version 118.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Histone deacetylase 9 Short name=HD9 EC=3.5.1.98 Alternative name(s): Histone deacetylase 7B Short name=HD7 Short name=HD7b Histone deacetylase-related protein MEF2-interacting transcription repressor MITR | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1011 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 Isoform 3 lacks active site residues and therefore is catalytically inactive. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC3. Seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis and to be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to JUN promoter. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 |
| Catalytic activity | Hydrolysis of an N(6)-acetyl-lysine residue of a histone to yield a deacetylated histone. |
| Enzyme regulation | Inhibited by Trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. Ref.1 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Interacts with CTBP1. The phosphorylated form interacts with 14-3-3 By similarity. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC3, and probably with HDAC4 and HDAC5. Interacts with MEF2, MAPK10, ETV6, NCOR1 and BCL6. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Broadly expressed, with highest levels in brain, heart, muscle and testis. Isoform 3 is present in human bladder carcinoma cells (at protein level). Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.10 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated on Ser-220 and Ser-450; which promotes 14-3-3-binding, impairs interaction with MEF2, and antagonizes antimyogenic activity. Phosphorylated on Ser-240; which impairs nuclear accumulation By similarity. Isoform 7 is phosphorylated on Tyr-1010. Phosphorylated by the PKC kinases PKN1 and PKN2, impairing nuclear import. Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16 |
| Involvement in disease | Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HDAC9 is found in a family with Peters anomaly. Translocation t(1;7)(q41;p21) with TGFB2 resulting in lack of HDAC9 protein. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 2 subfamily. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAA34464.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Isoform 6: The sequence AAI11736.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 1021. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCL6 | P41182 | 2 | EBI-765444,EBI-765407 | |
| ETV6 | P41212 | 3 | EBI-765476,EBI-1372759 | |
| Ncor1 | Q60974 | 2 | EBI-765476,EBI-349004 | From a different organism. |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 7 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] Note: Additional isoforms seem to exist. | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q9UKV0-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q9UKV0-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 487-574: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q9UKV0-3) Also known as: HDRP; MITR; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 575-590: PFLEPTHTRALSVRQA → VIGKDLAPGFVIKVII 591-1011: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: Major form in most tissues. Inactive due to lack of active site residues. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q9UKV0-4) Also known as: HDAC9a; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 861-879: GTGLGEGYNINIAWTGGLD → RFISLEPHFYLYLSGNCIA 880-1011: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: Q9UKV0-5) Also known as: HDAC9b; HDAC9fl; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1006-1011: MSLKFS → KYWKSVRMVAVPRGCALAGAQLQEETETVSALASLTVDVEQPFAQEDSRTAGEPMEEEPAL | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Tyr-1007 (Probable). | ||||||
| Isoform 6 (identifier: Q9UKV0-6) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 88-88: K → KLQQ 218-261: Missing. 1006-1011: MSLKFS → KYWKSVRMVAVPRGCALAGAQLQEETETVSALASLTVDVEQPFAQEDSRTAGEPMEEEPAL | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Tyr-966 (Probable). Excluded from the nucleus. Does not interact with ETV6.. | ||||||
| Isoform 7 (identifier: Q9UKV0-7) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 88-88: K → KLQQ 1006-1011: MSLKFS → KYWKSVRMVAVPRGCALAGAQLQEETETVSALASLTVDVEQPFAQEDSRTAGEPMEEEPAL | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Tyr-1010. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1011 | 1011 | Histone deacetylase 9 | PRO_0000114710 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Region | 23 – 27 | 5 | Interaction with CTBP1 By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 136 – 154 | 19 | Interaction with MEF2 By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 175 – 343 | 169 | Interaction with MAPK10 By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 218 – 261 | 44 | Interaction with ETV6 | ||||||
| Region | 631 – 978 | 348 | Histone deacetylase | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 783 | 1 | By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 22 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 220 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 240 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 451 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 88 | 1 | K → KLQQ in isoform 6 and isoform 7. | VSP_023766 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 218 – 261 | 44 | Missing in isoform 6. | VSP_023767 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 487 – 574 | 88 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_002082 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 575 – 590 | 16 | PFLEP…SVRQA → VIGKDLAPGFVIKVII in isoform 3. | VSP_002083 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 591 – 1011 | 421 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_002084 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 861 – 879 | 19 | GTGLG…TGGLD → RFISLEPHFYLYLSGNCIA in isoform 4. | VSP_002085 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 880 – 1011 | 132 | Missing in isoform 4. | VSP_002086 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1006 – 1011 | 6 | MSLKFS → KYWKSVRMVAVPRGCALAGA QLQEETETVSALASLTVDVE QPFAQEDSRTAGEPMEEEPA L in isoform 5, isoform 6 and isoform 7. | VSP_023768 | |||||
| Natural variant | 921 | 1 | P → T Found in a renal cell carcinoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.17 | VAR_064719 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 99 | 1 | L → I in AAF04254. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 437 | 1 | T → P in AAF04254. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 644 – 647 | 4 | HQCV → KPNS in AAF04254. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 746 | 1 | H → R in AAO27363. Ref.3 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning and characterization of a histone deacetylase, HDAC9." Zhou X., Marks P.A., Rifkind R.A., Richon V.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:10572-10577(2001) [PubMed: 11535832] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH MEF2, FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION. Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | "Molecular characterization of a familial translocation implicates disruption of HDAC9 and possible position effect on TGFbeta2 in the pathogenesis of Peters' anomaly." David D., Cardoso J., Marques B., Marques R., Silva E.D., Santos H., Boavida M.G. Genomics 81:489-503(2003) [PubMed: 12706107] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 5), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH TGFB2. Tissue: Lens. |
| [3] | "The histone deacetylase 9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms." Petrie K., Guidez F., Howell L., Healy L., Waxman S., Greaves M., Zelent A. J. Biol. Chem. 278:16059-16072(2003) [PubMed: 12590135] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 7), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ISOFORMS 3; 6 AND 7), INTERACTION WITH ETV6; NCOR1 AND BCL6, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, SUMOYLATION. Tissue: Brain. |
| [4] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro." Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Suyama M., Kikuno R., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 5:277-286(1998) [PubMed: 9872452] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7." Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. Wilson R.K.Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed: 12853948] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 2-1011 (ISOFORM 6). |
| [8] | "HDAC4, a human histone deacetylase related to yeast HDA1, is a transcriptional corepressor." Wang A.H., Bertos N.R., Vezmar M., Pelletier N., Crosato M., Heng H.H., Th'ng J., Han J., Yang X.-J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:7816-7827(1999) [PubMed: 10523670] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 99-650 (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Brain. |
| [9] | "MEF-2 function is modified by a novel co-repressor, MITR." Sparrow D.B., Miska E.A., Langley E., Reynaud-Deonauth S., Kotecha S., Towers N., Spohr G., Kouzarides T., Mohun T.J. EMBO J. 18:5085-5098(1999) [PubMed: 10487760] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION (ISOFORM 3), INTERACTION WITH HDAC1, FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "Identification of a transcriptional repressor related to the noncatalytic domain of histone deacetylases 4 and 5." Zhou X., Richon V.M., Rifkind R.A., Marks P.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:1056-1061(2000) [PubMed: 10655483] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION (ISOFORM 3), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH HDAC1 AND HDAC3, FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor." Miska E.A., Karlsson C., Langley E., Nielsen S.J., Pines J., Kouzarides T. EMBO J. 18:5099-5107(1999) [PubMed: 10487761] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MEF2. |
| [12] | "The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase." Kirsh O., Seeler J.-S., Pichler A., Gast A., Mueller S., Miska E., Mathieu M., Harel-Bellan A., Kouzarides T., Melchior F., Dejean A. EMBO J. 21:2682-2691(2002) [PubMed: 12032081] [Abstract] Cited for: SUMOYLATION. |
| [13] | "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-1010 (ISOFORM 7), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [14] | "Neuroprotection by histone deacetylase-related protein." Morrison B.E., Majdzadeh N., Zhang X., Lyles A., Bassel-Duby R., Olson E.N., D'Mello S.R. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3550-3564(2006) [PubMed: 16611996] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [15] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-22, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [16] | "Protein kinase C-related kinase targets nuclear localization signals in a subset of class IIa histone deacetylases." Harrison B.C., Huynh K., Lundgaard G.L., Helmke S.M., Perryman M.B., McKinsey T.A. FEBS Lett. 584:1103-1110(2010) [PubMed: 20188095] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION. |
| [17] | "Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma." Varela I., Tarpey P., Raine K., Huang D., Ong C.K., Stephens P., Davies H., Jones D., Lin M.L., Teague J., Bignell G., Butler A., Cho J., Dalgliesh G.L., Galappaththige D., Greenman C., Hardy C., Jia M. Futreal P.A.Nature 469:539-542(2011) [PubMed: 21248752] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT THR-921. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AY032737 mRNA. Translation: AAK66821.1. AY032738 mRNA. Translation: AAK66822.1. AJ459808 mRNA. Translation: CAD30851.1. AY197371 mRNA. Translation: AAO27363.1. AB018287 mRNA. Translation: BAA34464.2. Different initiation. AC004994 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC78618.2. CH471073 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW93702.1. BC111735 mRNA. Translation: AAI11736.1. Frameshift. BC150328 mRNA. Translation: AAI50329.1. BC152405 mRNA. Translation: AAI52406.1. AF124924 mRNA. Translation: AAF04254.1. |
| IPI | IPI00215728. IPI00215729. IPI00215730. IPI00232519. IPI00328781. IPI00829837. IPI00829883. |
| RefSeq | NP_001191073.1. NM_001204144.1. NP_001191074.1. NM_001204145.1. NP_001191075.1. NM_001204146.1. NP_001191076.1. NM_001204147.1. NP_001191077.1. NM_001204148.1. NP_055522.1. NM_014707.1. NP_478056.1. NM_058176.2. NP_848510.1. NM_178423.1. NP_848512.1. NM_178425.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.196054. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q9UKV0. |
| SMR | Q9UKV0. Positions 37-101, 629-1005. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q9UKV0. 24 interactions. |
| STRING | Q9UKV0. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q9UKV0. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 19865267. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q9UKV0. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000432645; ENSP00000410337; ENSG00000048052. |
| GeneID | 9734. |
| KEGG | hsa:9734. |
| UCSC | uc003sue.1. human. uc003sug.1. human. uc003suh.1. human. uc003sui.1. human. uc003suj.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 9734. |
| GeneCards | GC07P018179. |
| HGNC | HGNC:14065. HDAC9. |
| HPA | HPA028926. |
| MIM | 606543. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q9UKV0. |
| Orphanet | 708. Peters anomaly. |
| PharmGKB | PA38377. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG19380. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG057100. |
| InParanoid | Q9UKV0. |
| OMA | AAFMQQP. |
| PhylomeDB | Q9UKV0. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 3.5.1.98. 2681. |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | hdac_classi_pathway. Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class I. hdac_classii_pathway. Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q9UKV0. |
| Bgee | Q9UKV0. |
| CleanEx | HS_HDAC7. HS_HDAC9. |
| Genevestigator | Q9UKV0. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000048052. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000286. His_deacetylse. IPR023801. His_deacetylse_dom. IPR024643. Hist_deacetylase_Gln_rich_N. IPR017320. Histone_deAcase_II_euk. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:3.40.800.20. His_deacetylse. 1 hit. |
| KO | K11409. |
| PANTHER | PTHR10625. His_deacetylse. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF12203. HDAC4_Gln. 1 hit. PF00850. Hist_deacetyl. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PIRSF | PIRSF037911. HDAC_II_euk. 1 hit. |
| PRINTS | PR01270. HDASUPER. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| DrugBank | DB00313. Valproic Acid. |
| NextBio | 36620. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | HDAC9_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q9UKV0 Secondary accession number(s): A7E2F3 Q86US3 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 7 Human chromosome 7: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with