ID   GALP_HUMAN              Reviewed;         116 AA.
AC   Q9UBC7; A1KXL3;
DT   11-FEB-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-MAY-2000, sequence version 1.
DT   24-JAN-2024, entry version 144.
DE   RecName: Full=Galanin-like peptide;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=GALP;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX   PubMed=10601261; DOI=10.1074/jbc.274.52.37041;
RA   Ohtaki T., Kumano S., Ishibashi Y., Ogi K., Matsui H., Harada M.,
RA   Kitada C., Kurokawa T., Onda H., Fujino M.;
RT   "Isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from
RT   porcine hypothalamus.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 274:37041-37045(1999).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RA   Kofler B., Moritz K., Fenninger K.;
RT   "Differential splicing leads to the novel peptide alarin another member of
RT   the galanin-like peptide family.";
RL   Submitted (JUN-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
RC   TISSUE=Neuroblastoma;
RX   PubMed=16954604; DOI=10.1385/jmn:29:2:145;
RA   Santic R., Fenninger K., Graf K., Schneider R., Hauser-Kronberger C.,
RA   Schilling F.H., Kogner P., Ratschek M., Jones N., Sperl W., Kofler B.;
RT   "Gangliocytes in neuroblastic tumors express alarin, a novel peptide
RT   derived by differential splicing of the galanin-like peptide gene.";
RL   J. Mol. Neurosci. 29:145-152(2006).
RN   [4]
RP   TISSUE SPECIFICITY (ISOFORM 2).
RX   PubMed=17535903; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0608585104;
RA   Santic R., Schmidhuber S.M., Lang R., Rauch I., Voglas E., Eberhard N.,
RA   Bauer J.W., Brain S.D., Kofler B.;
RT   "Alarin is a vasoactive peptide.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:10217-10222(2007).
RN   [5]
RP   FUNCTION (ISOFORM 2).
RX   PubMed=23537644; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.045;
RA   Wada A., Wong P.F., Hojo H., Hasegawa M., Ichinose A., Llanes R., Kubo Y.,
RA   Senba M., Ichinose Y.;
RT   "Alarin but not its alternative-splicing form, GALP (Galanin-like peptide)
RT   has antimicrobial activity.";
RL   Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 434:223-227(2013).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Hypothalamic neuropeptide which binds to the G-
CC       protein-coupled galanin receptors (GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3). Involved in
CC       a large number of putative physiological functions in CNS homeostatic
CC       processes, including the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
CC       secretion.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Exhibits potent and dose-dependent
CC       vasoconstrictor and anti-edema activity in the cutaneous
CC       microvasculature, a physiologic effects which does not appear to be
CC       mediated via GALR1 or GALR2. Exhibits antimicrobial activity against
CC       Gram-negative bacterias, inducing bacterial membrane blebbing
CC       (PubMed:23537644). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23537644}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       Q9UBC7; O43765: SGTA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-12244186, EBI-347996;
CC       Q9UBC7; Q9UHD9: UBQLN2; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-12244186, EBI-947187;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=Q9UBC7-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=2; Synonyms=Alarin, del/E3;
CC         IsoId=Q9UBC7-2; Sequence=VSP_030460;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform 2 is found in ganglia of ganglioneuroma and
CC       ganglioneuroblastoma, as well as in differentiated tumor cells of
CC       neuroblastoma tissues. Not found in undifferentiated neuroblasts.
CC       Isoform 2 is found in the skin, in pericytes covering microvascular
CC       arterioles and venules on their abluminal surfaces. In larger vessels,
CC       isoform 2 is expressed in layers of smooth muscle cells. Isoform 2 is
CC       not detected in endothelial cells.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 2]: Cleavage of the signal peptide generates a
CC       peptide of 25 amino acids, termed alarin because of the N-terminal
CC       alanine and the C-terminal serine. Involved in ganglionic
CC       differentiation in neuroblastic tumor tissues. Vasoactive peptide.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the galanin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AF188492; AAF19724.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF188493; AAF19725.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY329637; AAQ99038.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS12940.1; -. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR   CCDS; CCDS46202.1; -. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR   RefSeq; NP_001139018.1; NM_001145546.1. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR   RefSeq; NP_149097.1; NM_033106.3. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   BioGRID; 124570; 10.
DR   IntAct; Q9UBC7; 2.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000349884; -.
DR   iPTMnet; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   BioMuta; GALP; -.
DR   DMDM; 20138432; -.
DR   MaxQB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000349884; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 33185; 134 antibodies from 22 providers.
DR   DNASU; 85569; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000357330.7; ENSP00000349884.2; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000440823.1; ENSP00000411521.1; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000590002.1; ENSP00000464698.1; ENSG00000197487.9. [Q9UBC7-2]
DR   GeneID; 85569; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:85569; -.
DR   MANE-Select; ENST00000357330.7; ENSP00000349884.2; NM_033106.4; NP_149097.1.
DR   UCSC; uc002qmo.1; human. [Q9UBC7-1]
DR   AGR; HGNC:24840; -.
DR   CTD; 85569; -.
DR   DisGeNET; 85569; -.
DR   GeneCards; GALP; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:24840; GALP.
DR   HPA; ENSG00000197487; Not detected.
DR   MIM; 611178; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_Q9UBC7; -.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000197487; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA162389277; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000197487; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502TI9H; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000016349; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_167264_0_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   OMA; PQMSDQD; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 5224030at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF339481; -.
DR   PathwayCommons; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   SignaLink; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   SIGNOR; Q9UBC7; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 85569; 315 hits in 1140 CRISPR screens.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 85569; -.
DR   Pharos; Q9UBC7; Tbio.
DR   PRO; PR:Q9UBC7; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 19.
DR   RNAct; Q9UBC7; Protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000197487; Expressed in right lobe of liver and 46 other cell types or tissues.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0061844; P:antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0042595; P:behavioral response to starvation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0050829; P:defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0035821; P:modulation of process of another organism; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007218; P:neuropeptide signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0032098; P:regulation of appetite; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   GO; GO:0032868; P:response to insulin; IEA:Ensembl.
DR   InterPro; IPR008174; Galanin.
DR   InterPro; IPR039244; GALP.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR20950:SF1; GALANIN-LIKE PEPTIDE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR20950; GALANIN-RELATED PEPTIDE; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01296; Galanin; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00861; GALANIN; 1.
DR   Genevisible; Q9UBC7; HS.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Alternative splicing; Antibiotic; Antimicrobial;
KW   Cleavage on pair of basic residues; Hormone; Neuropeptide;
KW   Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..24
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CHAIN           25..84
FT                   /note="Galanin-like peptide"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000010463"
FT   PROPEP          87..116
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000010464"
FT   VAR_SEQ         30..115
FT                   /note="GRGGWTLNSAGYLLGPVLHLPQMGDQDGKRETALEILDLWKAIDGLPYSHPP
FT                   QPSKRNVMETFAKPEIGDLGMLSMKIPKEEDVLK -> SSTFPKWVTKTERGRQPLR
FT                   (in isoform 2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|Ref.2"
FT                   /id="VSP_030460"
FT   VARIANT         72
FT                   /note="I -> M (in dbSNP:rs3745833)"
FT                   /id="VAR_020426"
SQ   SEQUENCE   116 AA;  12545 MW;  EDFDE8EAE6217B51 CRC64;
     MAPPSVPLVL LLVLLLSLAE TPASAPAHRG RGGWTLNSAG YLLGPVLHLP QMGDQDGKRE
     TALEILDLWK AIDGLPYSHP PQPSKRNVME TFAKPEIGDL GMLSMKIPKE EDVLKS
//