Q9SWI1 (PKS1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Protein PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1

Gene names

Name:	PKS1
Ordered Locus Names:	At2g02950
ORF Names:	T17M13.12

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	439 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	May be responsible for light-regulated cytoplasmic sequestration of phytochromes or may be a negative regulator of phytochrome B signaling. Component of the network that modulates the very low-fluence response (VLFR) branch of phyA signaling. Acts positively in PHOT1 signaling. Regulates phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis and hypocotyl phototropism. Involved in the control of leaf flattening and leaf positioning. Promotes negative root phototropism and negatively regulates root gravitropism. May act by controlling auxin homeostasis. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10
Subunit structure	Interacts with PKS2, RPT3, PHOT1, PHOT2 and the C-termini of both phytochromes A (phyA) and B (phyB). Binds both spectral forms of phytochrome, Pr and Pfr. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.10
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Ref.1 Ref.8 Ref.10.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in young seedlings in both darkness and light. Moderate in leaves and very low in roots and flowers. Expressed in the elongation zone of the root and hypocotyl. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.9
Developmental stage	Decreases with development. Ref.1
Induction	Up-regulated by white, red, far-red and blue light. Ref.5 Ref.7
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated on Ser and to a lower extent on Thr by phytochromes. Phosphorylation is stimulated twofold by red light. Ref.1 Ref.8
Disruption phenotype	Increased hypocotyl growth inhibition and cotyledon unfolding responses in the very low fluence response (VLFR) mode. Reduced phototropic response. Reduced hyponasty when grown under blue light. Loss of negative root phototropism. Auxin accumulation in protoplasts. Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10
Miscellaneous	PKS1, PKS2 and/or PKS4 are essential for phototropism but not for inhibition of gravitropism under long-term blue-light irradiation.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the PKS family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Phytochrome signaling pathway
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	positive gravitropism Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.9. Source: TAIR red, far-red light phototransduction Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: TAIR response to far red light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR response to red light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	cytoplasm Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: TAIR plasma membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.8. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from physical interaction Ref.1. Source: IntAct
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
PHYA	P14712	3	EBI-626200,EBI-624446
PHYB	P14713	2	EBI-626200,EBI-300727

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 439	439	Protein PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1		PRO_0000058450
Regions
	Compositional bias	31 – 34	4	Poly-Ser
	Compositional bias	365 – 369	5	Poly-Ser
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	196	1	E → D in AAD38033. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9SWI1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 10, 2002. Version 2. Checksum: 7A0A825FF7D3F3FC	FASTA	439	48,085
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVTLTPSSAS TPKTSFDFMK NNNSHSSLYV SSSSYLSSKE DALVTTKKLM EPSKTLNMSI 70 80 90 100 110 120 NPKQEEFGDE KKMVKKAPED PEIGVFGAEK YFNGDMDSDQ GSSVLSLTNP EVERTVVDSK 130 140 150 160 170 180 QSAKKSTGTP SVRSESSWNS QSVLLQNKLV NSCNSSFKEK KNSNGQIQKV TNNKKSFLAN 190 200 210 220 230 240 LGCKCACSDG DSVDVEEKTS VKRSADPNIS VITMRSSADM NTELIKIQKQ EELSQRKSLE 250 260 270 280 290 300 VFGSPVAIEK KSSVVQKKLP LPPWKSRTEE DDTKSEGSDS SSDLFEIEGL TGNPKPFLTR 310 320 330 340 350 360 QGSDPASPTC YAPSEVSVEW SIVTASAADF SVMSECATSP VRRNRPTQIP RIPITAKSAP 370 380 390 400 410 420 QRRKSSSSSG GNGFLMSCKS HKSVMVSGDL DRRSSMNKTQ PSYVPRFPME TTKPKSFETR 430 RRISNSSISH TQSSLLYSQ

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"PKS1, a substrate phosphorylated by phytochrome that modulates light signaling in Arabidopsis." Fankhauser C., Yeh K.C., Lagarias J.C., Zhang H., Elich T.D., Chory J. Science 284:1539-1541(1999) [PubMed: 10348744] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH PHYA AND PHYB, PHOSPHORYLATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Lin X., Kaul S., Rounsley S.D., Shea T.P., Benito M.-I., Town C.D., Fujii C.Y., Mason T.M., Bowman C.L., Barnstead M.E., Feldblyum T.V., Buell C.R., Ketchum K.A., Lee J.J., Ronning C.M., Koo H.L., Moffat K.S., Cronin L.A. , Shen M., Pai G., Van Aken S., Umayam L., Tallon L.J., Gill J.E., Adams M.D., Carrera A.J., Creasy T.H., Goodman H.M., Somerville C.R., Copenhaver G.P., Preuss D., Nierman W.C., White O., Eisen J.A., Salzberg S.L., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C. Nature 402:761-768(1999) [PubMed: 10617197] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"A growth regulatory loop that provides homeostasis to phytochrome a signaling." Lariguet P., Boccalandro H.E., Alonso J.M., Ecker J.R., Chory J., Casal J.J., Fankhauser C. Plant Cell 15:2966-2978(2003) [PubMed: 14615593] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH PKS2, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[6]	"Plant photoreceptors: phylogenetic overview." Lariguet P., Dunand C. J. Mol. Evol. 61:559-569(2005) [PubMed: 16170454] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
[7]	"Gene profiling of the red light signalling pathways in roots." Molas M.L., Kiss J.Z., Correll M.J. J. Exp. Bot. 57:3217-3229(2006) [PubMed: 16908503] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION.
[8]	"PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 is a phototropin 1 binding protein required for phototropism." Lariguet P., Schepens I., Hodgson D., Pedmale U.V., Trevisan M., Kami C., de Carbonnel M., Alonso J.M., Ecker J.R., Liscum E., Fankhauser C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:10134-10139(2006) [PubMed: 16777956] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, PHOSPHORYLATION, INTERACTION WITH PHOT1 AND RPT3, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[9]	"PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE1 regulates root phototropism and gravitropism." Boccalandro H.E., De Simone S.N., Bergmann-Honsberger A., Schepens I., Fankhauser C., Casal J.J. Plant Physiol. 146:108-115(2008) [PubMed: 18024556] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[10]	"The Arabidopsis PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE2 protein is a phototropin signaling element that regulates leaf flattening and leaf positioning." de Carbonnel M., Davis P., Roelfsema M.R., Inoue S., Schepens I., Lariguet P., Geisler M., Shimazaki K., Hangarter R., Fankhauser C. Plant Physiol. 152:1391-1405(2010) [PubMed: 20071603] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH PKS1; RPT3; PHOT1 AND PHOT2, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF149053 mRNA. Translation: AAD38033.1. AC004138 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC32913.1. CP002685 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEC05643.1. AF325064 mRNA. Translation: AAK17132.1. AY052708 mRNA. Translation: AAK96612.1. AY063721 mRNA. Translation: AAL36071.1.
IPI	IPI00530469.
PIR	E84442. T52304.
RefSeq	NP_565292.1. NM_126347.2.
UniGene	At.24751.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9SWI1. 7 interactions.
STRING	Q9SWI1.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9SWI1.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT2G02950.1; AT2G02950.1; AT2G02950.
GeneID	814823.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT2G02950 in contig CT485783_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT2G02950.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.7889.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At2g02950.
Phylogenomic databases
GeneTree	EPGT00050000012468.
HOGENOM	HBG026224.
InParanoid	Q9SWI1.
OMA	TCYAPSE.
PhylomeDB	Q9SWI1.
ProtClustDB	CLSN2682932.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9SWI1.
Genevestigator	Q9SWI1.
GermOnline	AT2G02950. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PKS1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9SWI1
Secondary accession number(s): O80610

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 10, 2002
Last sequence update:	May 10, 2002
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 63 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program