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Q9SQI2 (GIGAN_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified May 1, 2013. Version 84. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (2) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
to top of pageNames·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Protein GIGANTEA
Gene names
Name:GI
Ordered Locus Names:At1g22770
ORF Names:T22J18.6
OrganismArabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome]
Taxonomic identifier3702 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaViridiplantaeStreptophytaEmbryophytaTracheophytaSpermatophytaMagnoliophytaeudicotyledonscore eudicotyledonsrosidsmalvidsBrassicalesBrassicaceaeCamelineaeArabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length1173 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Involved in regulation of circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering. May play a role in maintenance of circadian amplitude and period length. Is involved in phytochrome B signaling. Stabilizes ADO3 and the circadian photoreceptor ADO1/ZTL. Regulates 'CONSTANS' (CO) in the long-day flowering pathway by modulating the ADO3-dependent protein stability of CDF1 and CDF2, but is not essential to activate CO transcription. Regulates, via the microRNA miR172, a CO-independent pathway that promotes photoperiodic flowering by inducing 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. Ref.6 Ref.9 Ref.11

Subunit structure

Interacts with SPY, ADO1 (via N-terminus) and ADO2. Interacts (via N-terminus) with CDF1 and ADO3 (via N-terminus). Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10

Subcellular location

Nucleus. Cytoplasm Ref.6 Ref.8.

Tissue specificity

Widely expressed with highest levels in inflorescence apices, young flowers and young siliques.

Developmental stage

Found at all stages.

Induction

Expressed with a circadian rhythm with the highest level 10 hours into the light and the lowest level at dawn. The peak of expression in long days is slightly lower, shifted later and the decrease is slower. Ref.8 Ref.10

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the GIGANTEA family.

Sequence caution

The sequence AAC25507.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

The sequence AAF00023.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

The sequence CAA72908.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

Ontologies

Keywords
   Biological processBiological rhythms
Differentiation
Flowering
Phytochrome signaling pathway
   Cellular componentCytoplasm
Nucleus
   Molecular functionDevelopmental protein
   Technical termComplete proteome
Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological_processcell differentiation

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

circadian rhythm

Inferred from direct assay Ref.10. Source: TAIR

flower development

Traceable author statement PubMed 10202817. Source: TAIR

inflorescence development

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EnsemblPlants/Gramene

positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 16006578. Source: TAIR

red, far-red light phototransduction

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

Inferred from direct assay Ref.10. Source: TAIR

response to blue light

Inferred from direct assay Ref.10. Source: TAIR

response to cold

Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 16231185. Source: TAIR

response to far red light

Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 18790998. Source: TAIR

response to hydrogen peroxide

Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 9681039. Source: TAIR

response to karrikin

Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 20351290. Source: TAIR

temperature compensation of the circadian clock

Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 16617099. Source: TAIR

   Cellular_componentcytoplasm

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

nucleoplasm

Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: TAIR

Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 11731173Protein GIGANTEA
PRO_0000087489

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Q9SQI2 [UniParc].

Last modified December 5, 2001. Version 2.
Checksum: 71CFDE7D39E73549

FASTA1,173127,876
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MASSSSSERW IDGLQFSSLL WPPPRDPQQH KDQVVAYVEY FGQFTSEQFP DDIAELVRHQ 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
YPSTEKRLLD DVLAMFVLHH PEHGHAVILP IISCLIDGSL VYSKEAHPFA SFISLVCPSS 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
ENDYSEQWAL ACGEILRILT HYNRPIYKTE QQNGDTERNC LSKATTSGSP TSEPKAGSPT 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
QHERKPLRPL SPWISDILLA APLGIRSDYF RWCSGVMGKY AAGELKPPTI ASRGSGKHPQ 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
LMPSTPRWAV ANGAGVILSV CDDEVARYET ATLTAVAVPA LLLPPPTTSL DEHLVAGLPA 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
LEPYARLFHR YYAIATPSAT QRLLLGLLEA PPSWAPDALD AAVQLVELLR AAEDYASGVR 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
LPRNWMHLHF LRAIGIAMSM RAGVAADAAA ALLFRILSQP ALLFPPLSQV EGVEIQHAPI 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
GGYSSNYRKQ IEVPAAEATI EATAQGIASM LCAHGPEVEW RICTIWEAAY GLIPLNSSAV 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
DLPEIIVATP LQPPILSWNL YIPLLKVLEY LPRGSPSEAC LMKIFVATVE TILSRTFPPE 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
SSRELTRKAR SSFTTRSATK NLAMSELRAM VHALFLESCA GVELASRLLF VVLTVCVSHE 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
AQSSGSKRPR SEYASTTENI EANQPVSNNQ TANRKSRNVK GQGPVAAFDS YVLAAVCALA 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
CEVQLYPMIS GGGNFSNSAV AGTITKPVKI NGSSKEYGAG IDSAISHTRR ILAILEALFS 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
LKPSSVGTPW SYSSSEIVAA AMVAAHISEL FRRSKALTHA LSGLMRCKWD KEIHKRASSL 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
YNLIDVHSKV VASIVDKAEP LEAYLKNTPV QKDSVTCLNW KQENTCASTT CFDTAVTSAS 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
RTEMNPRGNH KYARHSDEGS GRPSEKGIKD FLLDASDLAN FLTADRLAGF YCGTQKLLRS 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
VLAEKPELSF SVVSLLWHKL IAAPEIQPTA ESTSAQQGWR QVVDALCNVV SATPAKAAAA 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
VVLQAERELQ PWIAKDDEEG QKMWKINQRI VKVLVELMRN HDRPESLVIL ASASDLLLRA 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
TDGMLVDGEA CTLPQLELLE ATARAIQPVL AWGPSGLAVV DGLSNLLKCR LPATIRCLSH 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130       1140 
PSAHVRALST SVLRDIMNQS SIPIKVTPKL PTTEKNGMNS PSYRFFNAAS IDWKADIQNC 

      1150       1160       1170 
LNWEAHSLLS TTMPTQFLDT AARELGCTIS LSQ 

« Hide

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"GIGANTEA: a circadian clock-controlled gene that regulates photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis and encodes a protein with several possible membrane-spanning domains."
Fowler S., Lee K., Onouchi H., Samach A., Richardson K., Morris B., Coupland G., Putterill J.
EMBO J. 18:4679-4688(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]"Control of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic flowering by the Arabidopsis GIGANTEA gene."
Park D.H., Somers D.E., Kim Y.S., Choy Y.H., Lim H.K., Soh M.S., Kim H.J., Kay S.A., Nam H.G.
Science 285:1579-1582(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
Tissue: Leaf and Stem.
[3]"Sequence analysis of a 24-kb contiguous genomic region at the Arabidopsis thaliana PFL locus on chromosome 1."
Terryn N., Neyt P., de Clercq R., de Keyser A., van den Daele H., Ardiles W., Dehais P., Rouze P., Gielen J., Villarroel R., van Montagu M.
FEBS Lett. 416:156-160(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana."
Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K. expand/collapse author list , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.
Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]"GIGANTEA is a nuclear protein involved in phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis."
Huq E., Tepperman J.M., Quail P.H.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:9789-9794(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[7]"SPINDLY and GIGANTEA interact and act in Arabidopsis thaliana pathways involved in light responses, flowering, and rhythms in cotyledon movements."
Tseng T.-S., Salome P.A., McClung C.R., Olszewski N.E.
Plant Cell 16:1550-1563(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SPY.
[8]"ZEITLUPE is a circadian photoreceptor stabilized by GIGANTEA in blue light."
Kim W.Y., Fujiwara S., Suh S.S., Kim J., Kim Y., Han L., David K., Putterill J., Nam H.G., Somers D.E.
Nature 449:356-360(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ADO1; ADO2 AND ADO3, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION.
[9]"The GIGANTEA-regulated microRNA172 mediates photoperiodic flowering independent of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis."
Jung J.H., Seo Y.H., Seo P.J., Reyes J.L., Yun J., Chua N.H., Park C.M.
Plant Cell 19:2736-2748(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]"FKF1 and GIGANTEA complex formation is required for day-length measurement in Arabidopsis."
Sawa M., Nusinow D.A., Kay S.A., Imaizumi T.
Science 318:261-265(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ADO3 AND CDF1, INDUCTION.
[11]"Arabidopsis DOF transcription factors act redundantly to reduce CONSTANS expression and are essential for a photoperiodic flowering response."
Fornara F., Panigrahi K.C., Gissot L., Sauerbrunn N., Ruehl M., Jarillo J.A., Coupland G.
Dev. Cell 17:75-86(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
AJ133786 mRNA. Translation: CAB56039.1.
AF105064 mRNA. Translation: AAF00092.1.
AF076686 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF00023.1. Sequence problems.
Y12227 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA72908.1. Sequence problems.
AC003979 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC25507.1. Sequence problems.
CP002684 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE30286.1.
IPIIPI00531066.
PIRT52575.
RefSeqNP_564180.1. NM_102124.2.
UniGeneAt.209.

3D structure databases

ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIPDIP-31718N.
IntActQ9SQI2. 5 interactions.

Proteomic databases

PaxDbQ9SQI2.
PRIDEQ9SQI2.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblPlantsAT1G22770.1; AT1G22770.1; AT1G22770.
GeneID838883.
KEGGath:AT1G22770.

Organism-specific databases

TAIRAt1g22770.

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGNOG245462.
HOGENOMHOG000050248.
InParanoidQ9SQI2.
KOK12124.
OMASSAILHT.
PhylomeDBQ9SQI2.
ProtClustDBCLSN2687916.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ9SQI2.
GenevestigatorQ9SQI2.
GermOnlineAT1G22770. Arabidopsis thaliana.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR026211. GIGANTEA.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR02081. GIGANTEA.
ProtoNetSearch...

Entry information

Entry nameGIGAN_ARATH
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q9SQI2
Secondary accession number(s): O64381, O80545, Q9S7N0
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: December 5, 2001
Last sequence update: December 5, 2001
Last modified: May 1, 2013
This is version 84 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programPlant Protein Annotation Program

Relevant documents

Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families