Q9SAC6 (GWD1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Alpha-glucan water dikinase 1, chloroplastic
EC=2.7.9.4

Alternative name(s):
Protein starch excess 1
Protein starch-related R1

Gene names

Name:	GWD1
Synonyms:	R1, SEX1
Ordered Locus Names:	At1g10760
ORF Names:	F20B24.19, T16B5.10

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1399 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Mediates the incorporation of phosphate into starch-like alpha-glucan, mostly at the C-6 position of glucose units. Acts as an overall regulator of starch mobilization. Required for starch degradation, suggesting that the phosphate content of starch regulates its degradability. Ref.1
Catalytic activity	ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O = AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate.
Cofactor	Magnesium By similarity.
Subunit structure	Homodimer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast. Note: Starch granules. Ref.1
Developmental stage	The level of protein does not vary in a circadian rhythm and is stable throughout day and night (at protein level). Ref.1
Domain	The N-terminal domain contains the alpha-glucan binding site, the central domain the pyrophosphate/phosphate carrier histidine, and the C-terminal domain the ATP binding site By similarity.
Miscellaneous	The reaction takes place in three steps, mediated by a phosphocarrier histidine residue located on the surface of the central domain. The two first partial reactions are catalyzed at an active site located on the C-terminal domain, and the third partial reaction is catalyzed at an active site located on the N-terminal domain. For catalytic turnover, the central domain swivels from the concave surface of the C-terminal domain to that of the N-terminal domain By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAD31337.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence AAF17665.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. The sequence AAK49609.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. The sequence AAK96541.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Carbohydrate metabolism
Cellular component	Chloroplast Plastid
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	ATP-binding Magnesium Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Kinase Transferase
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cold acclimation Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR response to symbiotic fungus Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR starch catabolic process Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	chloroplast envelope Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR chloroplast stroma Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR mitochondrion Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW alpha-glucan, water dikinase activity Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: TAIR ligase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro metal ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 75	75	Chloroplast By similarity
	Chain	76 – 1399	1324	Alpha-glucan water dikinase 1, chloroplastic		PRO_0000023565
Sites
	Active site	1004	1	Tele-phosphohistidine intermediate By similarity
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	1268	1	G → E in sex1-1; induces an excess of starch in leaves after a long period of darkness. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q9SAC6 [UniParc]. Last modified January 4, 2005. Version 2. Checksum: 1FE9285376B479EB	FASTA	1,399	156,582
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MSNSVVHNLL NRGLIRPLNF EHQNKLNSSV YQTSTANPAL GKIGRSKLYG KGLKQAGRSL 70 80 90 100 110 120 VTETGGRPLS FVPRAVLAMD PQAAEKFSLD GNIDLLVEVT STTVREVNIQ IAYTSDTLFL 130 140 150 160 170 180 HWGAILDNKE NWVLPSRSPD RTQNFKNSAL RTPFVKSGGN SHLKLEIDDP AIHAIEFLIF 190 200 210 220 230 240 DESRNKWYKN NGQNFHINLP TERNVKQNVS VPEDLVQIQA YLRWERKGKQ MYNPEKEKEE 250 260 270 280 290 300 YEAARTELRE EMMRGASVED LRAKLLKKDN SNESPKSNGT SSSGREEKKK VSKQPERKKN 310 320 330 340 350 360 YNTDKIQRKG RDLTKLIYKH VADFVEPESK SSSEPRSLTT LEIYAKAKEE QETTPVFSKK 370 380 390 400 410 420 TFKLEGSAIL VFVTKLSGKT KIHVATDFKE PVTLHWALSQ KGGEWLDPPS DILPPNSLPV 430 440 450 460 470 480 RGAVDTKLTI TSTDLPSPVQ TFELEIEGDS YKGMPFVLNA GERWIKNNDS DFYVDFAKEE 490 500 510 520 530 540 KHVQKDYGDG KGTAKHLLDK IADLESEAQK SFMHRFNIAA DLVDEAKSAG QLGFAGILVW 550 560 570 580 590 600 MRFMATRQLV WNKNYNVKPR EISKAQDRLT DLLQDVYASY PEYRELLRMI MSTVGRGGEG 610 620 630 640 650 660 DVGQRIRDEI LVIQRKNDCK GGIMEEWHQK LHNNTSPDDV VICQALMDYI KSDFDLSVYW 670 680 690 700 710 720 KTLNDNGITK ERLLSYDRAI HSEPNFRGEQ KDGLLRDLGH YMRTLKAVHS GADLESAIQN 730 740 750 760 770 780 CMGYQDDGEG FMVGVQINPV SGLPSGYPDL LRFVLEHVEE KNVEPLLEGL LEARQELRPL 790 800 810 820 830 840 LLKSHDRLKD LLFLDLALDS TVRTAIERGY EQLNDAGPEK IMYFISLVLE NLALSSDDNE 850 860 870 880 890 900 DLIYCLKGWQ FALDMCKSKK DHWALYAKSV LDRSRLALAS KAERYLEILQ PSAEYLGSCL 910 920 930 940 950 960 GVDQSAVSIF TEEIIRAGSA AALSSLVNRL DPVLRKTANL GSWQVISPVE VVGYVIVVDE 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 LLTVQNKTYD RPTIIVANRV RGEEEIPDGA VAVLTPDMPD VLSHVSVRAR NGKICFATCF 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 DSGILSDLQG KDGKLLSLQP TSADVVYKEV NDSELSSPSS DNLEDAPPSI SLVKKQFAGR 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 YAISSEEFTS DLVGAKSRNI GYLKGKVPSW VGIPTSVALP FGVFEKVISE KANQAVNDKL 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 LVLKKTLDEG DQGALKEIRQ TLLGLVAPPE LVEELKSTMK SSDMPWPGDE GEQRWEQAWA 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 AIKKVWASKW NERAYFSTRK VKLDHDYLCM AVLVQEVINA DYAFVIHTTN PSSGDSSEIY 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 AEVVKGLGET LVGAYPGRSL SFICKKNNLD SPLVLGYPSK PIGLFIRRSI IFRSDSNGED 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 LEGYAGAGLY DSVPMDEEDQ VVLDYTTDPL ITDLSFQKKV LSDIARAGDA IEKLYGTAQD 1390 IEGVIRDGKL YVVQTRPQV

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The Arabidopsis sex1 mutant is defective in the R1 protein, a general regulator of starch degradation in plants, and not in the chloroplast hexose transporter." Yu T.-S., Kofler H., Haeusler R.E., Hille D., Fluegge U.-I., Zeeman S.C., Smith A.M., Kossmann J., Lloyd J., Ritte G., Steup M., Lue W.-L., Chen J., Weber A. Plant Cell 13:1907-1918(2001) [PubMed: 11487701] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-1268.
[2]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K. , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W. Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed: 11130712] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 1220-1399. Strain: cv. Columbia.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF312027 mRNA. Translation: AAG47821.1. AC007354 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD31337.1. Sequence problems. AC009398 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF17665.1. Sequence problems. CP002684 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE28643.1. AF372893 mRNA. Translation: AAK49609.1. Different initiation. AY052349 mRNA. Translation: AAK96541.1. Different initiation. AY057722 mRNA. Translation: AAL15352.1.
IPI	IPI00521332.
PIR	B86241.
RefSeq	NP_563877.1. NM_100952.4.
UniGene	At.22136.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q9SAC6.
SMR	Q9SAC6. Positions 1080-1399.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q9SAC6. 1 interaction.
STRING	Q9SAC6.
Protein family/group databases
CAZy	CBM45. Carbohydrate-Binding Module Family 45.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q9SAC6.
ProMEX	Q9SAC6.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT1G10760.1; AT1G10760.1; AT1G10760.
GeneID	837619.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT1G10760 in contig CT485782_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT1G10760.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.1325.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At1g10760.
Phylogenomic databases
GeneTree	EPGT00070000029920.
HOGENOM	HBG561530.
InParanoid	Q9SAC6.
OMA	KIMYFIS.
PhylomeDB	Q9SAC6.
ProtClustDB	CLSN2687761.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	ARA:AT1G10760-MONOMER. MetaCyc:AT1G10760-MONOMER.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q9SAC6.
Genevestigator	Q9SAC6.
GermOnline	AT1G10760. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR013815. ATP_grasp_subdomain_1. IPR013816. ATP_grasp_subdomain_2. IPR002192. PPDK_PEP-bd. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.30.1490.20. ATP_grasp_subdomain_1. 2 hits. G3DSA:3.30.470.20. ATP_grasp_subdomain_2. 2 hits.
KO	K08244.
Pfam	PF01326. PPDK_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00742. PEP_ENZYMES_2. False negative. PS00370. PEP_ENZYMES_PHOS_SITE. False negative. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

GWD1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q9SAC6
Secondary accession number(s): Q93VD0 , Q940Z0, Q9FPP2, Q9SGX4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	January 4, 2005
Last sequence update:	January 4, 2005
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 75 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program